scholarly journals Is Foreign Expansion an Effective Way to Boost Sales and Profits?

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Krystian Barłożewski
Keyword(s):  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
S Curve ◽  
And Performance

This paper posits, based on the data set covering an 8‑year period between 2006 and 2013, that Polish firms show an inverted U-curve relationship between multinationality and performance. At the beginning of internationalization a short stage of rising performance might be observed, however, quickly rising costs stemming from the liability of newness and foreignness lead to a fall in performance. This is not only contrary to the predictions resulting from the traditional S-curve analysis but also indicates that executives’ high expectations regarding foreign expansion might be a sign of a “global illusion”.

Ownership, risk-taking and performance of banks in emerging economies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizul Haque ◽  
Rehnuma Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper examines the effect of ownership structure on bank risk-taking and performance in emerging economies by using India as a case study. Design/methodology/approach We use generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation technique to analyse an unbalanced panel data set covering 217 bank-year observations from 2008 to 2011. Findings Overall, our study results suggest that government ownership is positively associated with default risk and negatively related to bank profitability. Interestingly, we find foreign ownership having a positive effect on default risk and a negative effect on profitability among the listed commercial banks. The effect of ownership concentration on bank risk-taking and profitability appears to be statistically insignificant. Originality/value This study is among the first to consider the impact of ownership on bank risk-taking and profitability from an emerging economy perspective. It also addresses the problem of endogenous relationships among ownership, risk-taking and performance of a bank. This study is likely to have implications for policymakers in undertaking regulatory reforms relating to ownership, risk management and banking sector stability.

Two Candidate Approaches o Text Sequencing: An Addendum to “The Diachrony Debate: A Tutorial on Methods”

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Computational Biology ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Temporal Ordering

In a recent essay published in this journal, I illustrated the limitations one may encounter when sequencing texts temporally using s-curve analysis. I also introduced seriation, a more reliable method for temporal ordering much used in both archaeology and computational biology. Lacking independently ordered Biblical Hebrew (BH) data to assess the potential power of seriation in the context of diachronic studies, I used classic Middle English data originally compiled by Ellegård. In this addendum, I reintroduce and extend s-curve analysis, applying it to one rather noisy feature of Middle English. My results support Holmstedt’s assertion that s-curve analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool in diachronic studies. Upon quantitative comparison, however, the five-feature seriation results derived in my former paper are found to be seven times more accurate than the single-feature s-curve results presented here. 

Development and Validation of a Cognitive Reserve Index in HIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Navaldeep Kaur ◽  
Lesley K. Fellows ◽  
Marie-Josée Brouillette ◽  
Nancy Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Competitive Games ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Objectives: In the neuroHIV literature, cognitive reserve has most often been operationalized using education, occupation, and IQ. The effects of other cognitively stimulating activities that might be more amenable to interventions have been little studied. The purpose of this study was to develop an index of cognitive reserve in people with HIV, combining multiple indicators of cognitively stimulating lifetime experiences into a single value. Methods: The data set was obtained from a Canadian longitudinal study (N = 856). Potential indicators of cognitive reserve captured at the study entry included education, occupation, engagement in six cognitively stimulating activities, number of languages spoken, and social resources. Cognitive performance was measured using a computerized test battery. A cognitive reserve index was formulated using logistic regression weights. For the evidence on concurrent and predictive validity of the index, the measures of cognition and self-reported everyday functioning were each regressed on the index scores at study entry and at the last follow-up [mean duration: 25.9 months (SD 7.2)], respectively. Corresponding regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Results: Professional sports [odds ratio (OR): 2.9; 95% CI 0.59–14.7], visual and performance arts (any level of engagement), professional/amateur music, complex video gaming and competitive games, and travel outside North America were associated with higher cognitive functioning. The effects of cognitive reserve on the outcomes at the last follow-up visit were closely similar to those at study entry. Conclusion: This work contributes evidence toward the relative benefit of engaging in specific cognitively stimulating life experiences in HIV.

scholarly journals Horizontal interactions in local personal income taxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Local Council

AbstractTheories of inter-jurisdictional tax and yardstick competition assume that the tax decisions of one jurisdiction will influence the tax decisions of other jurisdictions. This paper empirically addresses the issue of horizontal dependence in local personal income tax rates across jurisdictions. Based on a large data set covering Swedish municipalities over a period of 14 years, we test for interactions across municipalities that share a common border, across municipalities within a distance of 100 km of each other, and across municipalities with similar political representation in the local council. We also test the hypothesis that the tax rate of relatively larger municipalities has a greater influence on their neighbors' tax rate compared to the influence of their smaller neighbors. Our results suggest that when lagged tax rates are controlled for, the horizontal correlation across municipalities that share a common border or are within a distance of 100 km from each other becomes insignificant. This result is of importance as it suggests that lagged tax rates should be included or at least tested for when testing for horizontal interactions or mimicking in local tax rates. However, our results support the hypothesis of horizontal interactions across municipalities that share a common border when the influence of neighboring municipalities is also weighted by their relative population size, i.e. relatively larger neighbors tend to have a greater impact on their neighbor's tax rates than their relatively smaller neighbors. This is of importance as it suggests that distance or proximity matters, although only in combination with the relative population size. We also find some evidence of horizontal dependence across municipalities with similar political preferences.

How do resources and diversification strategy explain the performance consequences of internationalization?

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Chengqi Wang ◽  
Wen Chung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Firm Resources ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how firm resources and diversification strategy explain the performance consequences of internationalization of emerging market enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducts a regression analysis by using a novel panel data set comprising of 685 listed Chinese firms over the period of 2008-2011. Findings – The results show that the relationship between internationalization and performance is inverse U-shaped. Further, marketing resources play a greater role in enhancing the performance effects of internationalization than technological resources do. Related product diversification enhances the performance effects, while unrelated product diversification does the contrary. Research limitations/implications – The study focusses on listed firms in one country, and as a result, the findings cannot be generalized to non-listed firms and firms in other countries. Practical implications – This paper offers guidelines for international managers to improve performance of internationalization by developing a particular type of resources and diversification strategy. Originality/value – This paper extends the literature on the functional form of the internationalization-performance relationship, and further suggests that the analysis of the performance consequences of internationalization should go beyond the nexus between internationalization and performance, and focusses on firm-specific resources and strategies that may facilitate or constrain the performance effects of internationalization.

Increasing revenue and attendance in Canadian Baptist churches

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1089
Author(s):  
Alan Chan ◽  
Bruce G. Fawcett ◽  
Shu-Kam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Church Health ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Baptist Churches ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Exercises

Purpose – Church giving and attendance are two important indicators of church health and performance. In the literature, they are usually understood to be simultaneously determined. The purpose of this paper is to estimate if there a sustainable church congregation size using Wintrobe’s (1998) dictatorship model. The authors want to examine the impact of youth and adult ministry as well. Design/methodology/approach – Using the data collected from among Canadian Baptist churches in Eastern Canada, this study investigates the factors affecting the level of the two indicators by the panel-instrumental variable technique. Applying Wintrobe’s (1998) political economy model on dictatorship, the equilibrium level of worship attendance and giving is predicted. Findings – Through various simulation exercises, the actual church congregation sizes is approximately 50 percent of the predicted value, implying inefficiency and misallocation of church resources. The paper concludes with insights on effective ways church leaders can allocate scarce resources to promote growth within churches. Originality/value – The authors are the only researchers getting the permission from the Atlantic Canada Baptist Convention to use their mega data set on church giving and congregation sizes as per the authors’ knowledge. The authors are also applying a theoretical model on dictatorship to religious/not for profits organizations.

scholarly journals Derivation of S-Curve from Oscillatory Hydrograph Using Digital Filter

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Kee-Won Seong ◽  
Jang Hyun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
S Curve ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Smooth Data

An oscillatory S-curve causes unexpected fluctuations in a unit hydrograph (UH) of desired duration or an instantaneous UH (IUH) that may affect the constraints for hydrologic stability. On the other hand, the Savitzky–Golay smoothing and differentiation filter (SG filter) is a digital filter known to smooth data without distorting the signal tendency. The present study proposes a method based on the SG filter to cope with oscillatory S-curves. Compared to previous conventional methods, the application of the SG filter to an S-curve was shown to drastically reduce the oscillation problems on the UH and IUH. In this method, the SG filter parameters are selected to give the minimum influence on smoothing and differentiation. Based on runoff reproduction results and performance criteria, it appears that the SG filter performed both smoothing and differentiation without the remarkable variation of hydrograph properties such as peak or time-to peak. The IUH, UH, and S-curve were estimated using storm data from two watersheds. The reproduced runoffs showed high levels of model performance criteria. In addition, the analyses of two other watersheds revealed that small watershed areas may experience scale problems. The proposed method is believed to be valuable when error-prone data are involved in analyzing the linear rainfall–runoff relationship.

How Much Do Consumers Value Fuel Economy and Performance? Evidence from Technology Adoption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Benjamin Leard ◽  
Joshua Linn ◽  
Yichen Christy Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Consumer Benefit ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Valuation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Historical Periods

Abstract During historical periods in which US fuel economy standards were unchanging, automakers increased performance but not fuel economy, contrasting with recent periods of tightening standards and rising fuel economy. This paper evaluates the welfare consequences of automakers forgoing performance increases to raise fuel economy as standards have tightened since 2012. Using a unique data set and a novel approach to account for fuel economy and performance endogeneity, we find undervaluation of fuel cost savings and high valuation of performance. Welfare costs of forgone performance approximately equal expected fuel savings benefits, suggesting approximately zero net private consumer benefit from tightened standards.

scholarly journals Use of routinely collected data on psychiatric in-patient care

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyles Glover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Service Data

Since the start of the National Health Service, data have been collected on admissions to psychiatric in-patient units, first as the Mental Health Enquiry, then as part of Hospital Episode Statistics. Some details have changed but many have stayed remarkably consistent. Published literature on the wide range of research and policy work undertaken using this data source is reviewed. Early work was central to the government's deinstitutionalisation policy in the early 1960s. Subsequent studies cover a wide range of epidemiological and health services research issues. A new statistical base, the Mental Health Minimum Data Set, covering individuals receiving all types of health care is currently being set up. This will supplement (but not replace) admission statistics.

Exploring the impact of intellectual capital on company reputation and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ginesti ◽  
Adele Caldarelli ◽  
Annamaria Zampella
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on the reputation and performance of Italian companies. Design/methodology/approach The paper exploits a unique data set of 452 non-listed companies that obtained a reputational assessment from the Italian Competition Authority (ICA). To test the hypotheses, this study implemented several regression analyses. Findings Results support the argument that human capital efficiency is a key driver of corporate reputation. Findings also reveal that companies, which obtained reputational rating under ICA scrutiny, show a positive relationship between IC elements and various measures of financial performance. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on a single country; it is not free from the imprecisions of Pulic’s VAIC model. Practical implications This paper recommends companies that are interested to achieve a robust reputation should consider the human capital as a strategic intangible asset. Second, the results suggest that companies with an ICA reputational rating are able to leverage their intangibles to potentiate performance and competitiveness. Originality/value This is the first empirical investigation on the contribution of IC in generating value for corporate reputation. Additionally, the study contributes to the literature on the link between IC and performance by examining a sample of firms not yet explored in prior research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document