scholarly journals A reinvestigation on spatial distribution of shallow landslides induced by the August 1961 and the July 2004 heavy-rainfalls in Izumozaki area, Niigata-GIS analyses using high resolution ortho images and a 2-m DEM-

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko IWAHASHI ◽  
Hiromitsu YAMAGISHI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Heavy Rainfalls

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

scholarly journals A new pan-European dataset for gridded daily average wind speed based on in-situ observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouke de Baar ◽  
Gerard van der Schrier ◽  
Irene Garcia-Marti ◽  
Else van den Besselaar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Optimal Prediction ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Ensemble Spread ◽  
Wind Fields

<p><strong>Objective</strong></p><p>The purpose of the European Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) is to support society by providing information about the past, present and future climate. For the service related to <em>in-situ</em> observations, one of the objectives is to provide high-resolution (0.1x0.1 and 0.25x0.25 degrees) gridded wind speed fields. The gridded wind fields are based on ECA&D daily average station observations for the period 1970-2020.</p><p><strong>Research question</strong> </p><p>We address the following research questions: [1] How efficiently can we provide the gridded wind fields as a statistically reliable ensemble, in order to represent the uncertainty of the gridding? [2] How efficiently can we exploit high-resolution geographical auxiliary variables (e.g. digital elevation model, terrain roughness) to augment the station data from a sparse network, in order to provide gridded wind fields with high-resolution local features?</p><p><strong>Approach</strong></p><p>In our analysis, we apply greedy forward selection linear regression (FSLR) to include the high-resolution effects of the auxiliary variables on monthly-mean data. These data provide a ‘background’ for the daily estimates. We apply cross-validation to avoid FSLR over-fitting and use full-cycle bootstrapping to create FSLR ensemble members. Then, we apply Gaussian process regression (GPR) to regress the daily anomalies. We consider the effect of the spatial distribution of station locations on the GPR gridding uncertainty.</p><p>The goal of this work is to produce several decades of daily gridded wind fields, hence, computational efficiency is of utmost importance. We alleviate the computational cost of the FSLR and GPR analyses by incorporating greedy algorithms and sparse matrix algebra in the analyses.</p><p><strong>Novelty</strong>   </p><p>The gridded wind fields are calculated as a statistical ensemble of realizations. In the present analysis, the ensemble spread is based on uncertainties arising from the auxiliary variables as well as from the spatial distribution of stations.</p><p>Cross-validation is used to tune the GPR hyper parameters. Where conventional GPR hyperparameter tuning aims at an optimal prediction of the gridded mean, instead, we tune the GPR hyperparameters for optimal prediction of the gridded ensemble spread.</p><p>Building on our experience with providing similar gridded climate data sets, this set of gridded wind fields is a novel addition to the E-OBS climate data sets.</p>

scholarly journals Optical Imaging of the Small Intestine Immune Compartments Across Scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Planchette ◽  
Cédric Schmidt ◽  
Olivier Burri ◽  
Mercedes Gomez de Agüero ◽  
Aleksandra Radenovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Label Free ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Made In

Abstract The limitations of 2D microscopy constrain our ability to observe and understand tissue-wide networks that are, by nature, 3-dimensional. Optical projection tomography enables the acquisition of large volumes (ranging from micrometres to centimetres) in various tissues, with label-free capacities for the observation of auto-fluorescent signals as well fluorescent-labelled targets of interest in multiple channels. We present a multi-modal workflow for the characterization of both structural and quantitative parameters of the mouse small intestine. As proof of principle, we evidence its applicability for imaging the mouse intestinal immune compartment and surrounding mucosal structures. We quantify the volumetric size and spatial distribution of Isolated Lymphoid Follicles (ILFs) and quantify density of villi throughout centimetre long segments of intestine. Furthermore, we exhibit the age- and microbiota-dependence for ILF development, and leverage a technique that we call reverse-OPT for identifying and homing in on regions of interest. Several quantification capabilities are displayed, including villous density in the autofluorescent channel and the size and spatial distribution of the signal of interest at millimetre-scale volumes. The concatenation of 3D image acquisition with the reverse-OPT sample preparation and a 2D high-resolution imaging modality adds value to interpretations made in 3D. This cross-modality referencing technique is found to provide accurate localisation of ROIs and to add value to interpretations made in 3D. Importantly, OPT may be used to identify sparsely-distributed regions of interest in large volumes whilst retaining compatibility with high-resolution microscopy modalities, including confocal microscopy. We believe this pipeline to be approachable for a wide-range of specialties, and to provide a new method for characterisation of the mouse intestinal immune compartment.

RPAS-SfM 4D mapping of shallow landslides activated in a steep terraced vineyard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Mauri ◽  
Eugenio Straffelini ◽  
Sara Cucchiaro ◽  
Paolo Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Features Extraction ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Geomorphological Changes

<p>The presence of roads is closely linked with the activation of land degradative phenomena such as landslides. Factors such as ineffective road management and design, local rainfall regimes and specific geomorphological elements actively influence landslides occurrence. In this context, recent developments in digital photogrammetry (e.g. Structure from Motion; SfM) paired with Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) increase our possibilities to realize low-cost and recurrent topographic surveys. This allows the realization of multi-temporal (hereafter 4D) and high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), fundamental to analyse geomorphological features and quantify processes at the fine spatial and temporal resolutions at which they occur. In this research is presented a 4D comparison of geomorphological indicators describing a landslide-prone agricultural system, so as to detect the noticed high-steep slope failures. The possibility to analyse the evolution of landslide geomorphic features in steep agricultural systems through high-resolution and 4D comparison of such indicators is still a challenge to be investigated. In this research, we considered a case study located in the central Italian Alps, where two shallow landslides (L1, L2) were activated below a rural road within a terraced vineyard. The dynamics of the landslides were monitored through the comparison of repeated DEMs (DEM of Difference, i.e. DoD), that reported erosion values of above 20 m<sup>3</sup> and 10 m<sup>3</sup> for the two landslides zones and deposition values of more than 15 m<sup>3</sup> and 9 m<sup>3</sup> respectively. The elaboration of Relative Path Impact Index (RPII) highlighted the role played by the road in the alteration of surface water flow directions. Altered water flows were expressed by values between 2σ and 4σ of RPII close to the collapsed surfaces. The increasing of profile curvature and roughness index described landslides evolution over time. Finally, the multi-temporal comparison of features extraction underlined the geomorphological changes affecting the study area. The computation of the quality index underlined the accuracy of features extraction. This index is expressed in a range between 0 (low accuracy) and 1 (high accuracy) and resulted equal to 0.22 m, regarding the landslide observed during the first RPAS survey (L1-pre); 0.63 m, concerning the same landslide detected during the second RPAS survey (L1-post); 0.69 m for L2. Results prove the usefulness of high-resolution and 4D RPAS-based SfM surveys for the investigation of landslides triggering due to the presence of roads at hillslope scale in agricultural systems. This work could be a useful starting point for further studies of landslide-susceptible zones at a wider scale, to preserve the quality and the productivity of affected agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals A Partition Modeling for Anthropogenic Heat Flux Mapping in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Wang ◽  
Deyong Hu ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Chen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux

Anthropogenic heat (AH) generated by human activities has a major impact on urban and regional climate. Accurately estimating anthropogenic heat is of great significance for studies on urban thermal environment and climate change. In this study, a gridded anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) estimation scheme was constructed based on socio-economic data, energy-consumption data, and multi-source remote sensing data using a partition modeling method, which takes into account the regional characteristics of AH emission caused by the differences in regional development levels. The refined AHF mapping in China was realized with a high resolution of 500 m. The results show that the spatial distribution of AHF has obvious regional characteristics in China. Compared with the AHF in provinces, the AHF in Shanghai is the highest which reaches 12.56 W·m−2, followed by Tianjin, Beijing, and Jiangsu. The AHF values are 5.92 W·m−2, 3.35 W·m−2, and 3.10 W·m−2, respectively. As can be seen from the mapping results of refined AHF, the high-value AHF aggregation areas are mainly distributed in north China, east China, and south China. The high-value AHF in urban areas is concentrated in 50–200 W·m−2, and maximum AHF in Shenzhen urban center reaches 267 W·m−2. Further, compared with other high resolution AHF products, it can be found that the AHF results in this study have higher spatial heterogeneity, which can better characterize the emission characteristics of AHF in the region. The spatial pattern of the AHF estimation results correspond to the distribution of building density, population, and industry zone. The high-value AHF areas are mainly distributed in airports, railway stations, industry areas, and commercial centers. It can thus be seen that the AHF estimation models constructed by the partition modeling method can well realize the estimation of large-scale AHF and the results can effectively express the detailed spatial distribution of AHF in local areas. These results can provide technical ideas and data support for studies on surface energy balance and urban climate change.

scholarly journals The impact of channel effect on Asian dust transport dynamics: a case in southeastern Asia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Lin ◽  
Y.-F. Sheng ◽  
W.-N. Chen ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
C.-H. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Channel Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A super heavy dust event was identified with unprecedented PM10 in terms of speed and concentration in the southeastern Asia. The average concentration was observed exceeding the value of 1000 μg m−3 for the duration lasting more than 10 h, with the highest value reached 1724 μg m−3 in northern Taiwan on 21 March 2010. We found that this case exhibited an uneven and intriguing spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and transport speed between eastern and western Taiwan. Higher values were observed in the western and northern areas. The peak concentrations can vary up to 5-fold between western and eastern Taiwan, and ten-fold between the northern tip and southern tip of Taiwan, only about 400 km apart. A high resolution, 10 km, numerical study by Weather Research Forecast (WRF) and WRF-chem models revealed that this intriguing spatial distribution of the Asian dust transport was resulting from a strong coupling effect of the geographic channel effect and blocking of the easterly from the Pacific Ocean. We are confident that this coupling effect can be revealed only by applying a high resolution numerical study in other similar regions.

Sedimentary Microfacies Analysis of Xingbei 1-3 Zone in Daqing Oilfield

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 436-439
Author(s):  
Bai Quan Yan ◽  
Xue Jing Ma ◽  
Li Hui Yuan ◽  
Gui Pu Jing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Microfacies Analysis ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Sand Body ◽  
Sedimentary Microfacies ◽  
Oilfield Development

Putaohua reservoir is the principal producing formation in Daqing oilfield Xingbei block. The spatial distribution of single sand body is particularly important for the residual oil tapping in the middle-late stage of oilfield development. The paper studied sedimentary microfacies of Putaohua reservoirs in the zone, established high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the area and a typical single sand body logging phase mode on the basis of logging features, finely portrayed single sand body type and spatial distribution on this basis to lay the solid geological foundation for oilfield subsequent residual oil tapping and provide a scientific geology guide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document