A Review on Rhinocerebral Mycosis: Dual Infections

Rhinocerebral mycosis is an opportunistic infection seen in immune compromised patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes, organ transplant and malignancies. Zygomycetes and Aspergillus are the commonest causative agents infecting para nasal sinuses and have predilection to invade blood vessels. The infection rapidly spreads to orbit and brain. An early diagnosis and treatment is essential to limit the spread to neighbouring structures. Although, cases of rhinocerebralmucormycosis with dual etiology are rare but their numbers are rising due to increase in the number of people living with diabetes, malignancies and other immunodeficiency disorders..This review emphasis the rising incidence of rhinocerebral mycosis with dual infection and also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent the rapid disease progression.

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Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients: early diagnosis and treatment

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation ◽

10.1097/mot.0b013e3283329c9a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 601-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Alison G Freifeld ◽

L Joseph Wheat ◽

Daniel R Kaul

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Solid Organ Transplant ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Organ Transplant Recipients ◽

Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

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FUNGAL RHINO SINUSITIS DURING COVID-19 ERA

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.4.662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 179-180

Author(s):

Mahid Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Soil Air ◽

High Sugar ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Compromised Patients

Fungal rhino sinusitis is a life threating, aggressive, angioinvasive infection caused by a group of fungai called mucormycetes and aspergillus as well1. Spores of these fungai are present in the soil, air decaying material and animal dungs. They are inhaled and swallowed to cause infection. It affects mainly immune compromised patients like uncontrolled diabetes (fungus grows and flourish at high sugar level), organ transplant individuals and patients on long term steroid therapy2. Apart from the Covid-19 the fungal infection is not contagious.

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Breaking the mold: a brief review on the diagnostic and treatment approaches of mucormycosis

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212336 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aroop Mohanty ◽

Pratima Gupta ◽

Saurabh Varshney ◽

Ankita Kabi ◽

Sumeet Angral

Keyword(s):

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Causative Agents

<p class="abstract">Mucormycosis is a severe emerging angioinvasive fungal infection that occurs predominantly in immunocompromised individuals. The incidence of this disease seems to be increasing in recent years with the emergence of new causative agents and rise of the susceptible population. The present COVID-19 pandemic has seen an un-precented increase in the number of mucormycosis cases all over the world. It has emerged as one of the most common complication of COVID-19 leading to severe morality. Uncontrolled diabetes has been postulated to be the most common underlying disease in developing countries and hematological malignancies in case of the high-income countries. Besides diabetes, chronic renal failure and tuberculosis have also been predisposed in the Indian subcontinent. Rhino-cerebral form is mostly seen in diabetics whereas the pulmonary type is the most common presentation in patients with hematological malignancies and solid organ transplant. Diagnosis and treatment of this rapidly progressive disease is equally challenging. Microscopy and culture are the cornerstone for the diagnosis, but if assisted by imaging and molecular assays, it plays an important role in the correct and early identification of the causative agent. Successful management of mucormycosis is based on an integrated approach, including reversal or discontinuation of underlying risk factors, early administration of antifungal agents, and complete removal of infected tissue and use of various adjunctive therapies.</p>

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