FUNGAL RHINO SINUSITIS DURING COVID-19 ERA

Fungal rhino sinusitis is a life threating, aggressive, angioinvasive infection caused by a group of fungai called mucormycetes and aspergillus as well1. Spores of these fungai are present in the soil, air decaying material and animal dungs. They are inhaled and swallowed to cause infection. It affects mainly immune compromised patients like uncontrolled diabetes (fungus grows and flourish at high sugar level), organ transplant individuals and patients on long term steroid therapy2. Apart from the Covid-19 the fungal infection is not contagious.

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A Review on Rhinocerebral Mycosis: Dual Infections

Archives of Infectious Diseases & Therapy ◽

10.33140/aidt/01/01/00008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Dual Infection ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Rapid Disease Progression ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Rising Incidence ◽

Dual Infections ◽

Compromised Patients

Rhinocerebral mycosis is an opportunistic infection seen in immune compromised patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes, organ transplant and malignancies. Zygomycetes and Aspergillus are the commonest causative agents infecting para nasal sinuses and have predilection to invade blood vessels. The infection rapidly spreads to orbit and brain. An early diagnosis and treatment is essential to limit the spread to neighbouring structures. Although, cases of rhinocerebralmucormycosis with dual etiology are rare but their numbers are rising due to increase in the number of people living with diabetes, malignancies and other immunodeficiency disorders..This review emphasis the rising incidence of rhinocerebral mycosis with dual infection and also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent the rapid disease progression.

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Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Therapy Following Renal Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Current Oncology ◽

10.3390/curroncol28010064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 661-670

Author(s):

Lawrence Kasherman ◽

Jeffrey Doi ◽

Katherine Karakasis ◽

Jeffrey Schiff ◽

Abhijat Kitchlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Transplantation ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Immunosuppressive Medication ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid organ transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppressive medication are at increased risk of developing malignancy, and treatment of advanced cancers with angiogenesis inhibitors in this context has not been widely studied. We present a case of recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma treated with paclitaxel and bevacizumab in the context of prior renal transplantation where the patient responded well to treatment with controlled toxicities, discussing the potential for increased rates of adverse events and drug interactions in this select population.

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The role of sport-based social networks in the management of long-term health conditions: Insights from the World Transplant Games

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690220979202 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101269022097920

Author(s):

Gareth Wiltshire ◽

Nicola J Clarke ◽

Cassandra Phoenix ◽

Carl Bescoby

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Organ Transplant Recipients

In the context of an increasing clinical need to better support self-managemt for people living with long-term health conditions an interest in the role of social networks has emerged. Given that sport participation often provides opportunities for social engagement, a space to explore Self-managemt at the intersection of medical sociology and the sociology of sport has opened up. This article presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study with organ transplant recipients who have participated in Transplant Games events – national and international multi-sport competitions for organ transplant recipients. Our findings illustrate how sport-based Social networks serve as resources for health-related knowledge, provide participants with additional affective support and help shape health expectations for the future. Although sport-based Social networks were seen as an overwhelmingly positive resource for our participants, it is plausible that harmful unintended consequences could arise for patients with existing Self-managemt issues. As such, it is recommended that people seeking to use sport as a tool to enhance illness Self-managemt should consider the various and powerful ways that Social networks can be impactful and anticipate the potential consequences accordingly.

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Human type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated transcriptional disturbances in a high-sugar diet long-term exposed Drosophila melanogaster

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics ◽

10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100866 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100866

Author(s):

Julia Sepel Loreto ◽

Sabrina Antunes Ferreira ◽

Daniel Ardisson-Araújo ◽

Nilda Vargas Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Human Type ◽

High Sugar

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Predictors of Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsr007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 891-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Katie A. Devine ◽

Bonney Reed-Knight ◽

Kristin A. Loiselle ◽

Laura E. Simons ◽

Laura L. Mee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organ Transplant ◽

Solid Organ Transplant ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

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Hyperglycemia in the Posttransplant Period: NODAT vs Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/js.2018-00227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 1314-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suruchi Gupta ◽

Teresa Pollack ◽

Candice Fulkerson ◽

Kathleen Schmidt ◽

Diana Johnson Oakes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Persistent Hyperglycemia

Abstract Objective To characterize the types of hyperglycemia that occur up to 1 year following liver transplant and to clarify the nomenclature for posttransplant hyperglycemia. Design We analyzed 1-year glycemic follow-up data in 164 patients who underwent liver transplant and who had been enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing moderate to intensive insulin therapy to determine if patients had preexisting known diabetes, transient hyperglycemia, persistent hyperglycemia, or new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). Results Of 119 patients with posttransplant hyperglycemia following hospital discharge, 49 had preexisting diabetes, 5 had insufficient data for analysis, 48 had transient hyperglycemia (16 resolved within 30 days and 32 resolved between 30 days and 1 year), 13 remained persistently hyperglycemic out to 1 year and most likely had preexisting diabetes that had not been diagnosed or insulin resistance/insulinopenia prior to transplant, and 4 had NODAT (i.e., patients with transient hyperglycemia after transplant that resolved but then later truly developed sustained hyperglycemia, meeting criteria for diabetes). Conclusions Distinct categories of patients with hyperglycemia following organ transplant include known preexisting diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia (most likely unknown preexisting diabetes or insulin resistance/insulinopenia), transient hyperglycemia, and NODAT. Those with preexisting diabetes for many years prior to transplant may well have very different long-term outcomes compared with those with true NODAT. Therefore, it would be prudent to classify patients more carefully. Long-term outcome studies are needed to determine if patients with true NODAT have the same poor prognosis as patients with preexisting diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) undergoing transplant.

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1738. Incidence and Outcomes of Hospitalization with Invasive Fungal Infection Among Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S636-S636

Author(s):

Kyla L Naylor ◽

Alexandra Ouédraogo ◽

Sarah E Bota ◽

Shahid Husain ◽

J Michael Paterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Graft Failure ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Population Based ◽

Solid Organ Transplant ◽

Cumulative Probability ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The long-term probability of post-transplant IFI is poorly understood. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked administrative healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada to determine the incidence rate, 1-, 5- and 10-year cumulative probability of IFI-related hospitalization, and 1-year post-IFI all-cause mortality in SOT recipients from 2002 to 2016. We also examined post-IFI death-censored graft failure in renal transplant patients. Results We included 9326 SOT recipients (median follow-up 5.35 years). Overall, the incidence of IFI was 8.3 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.5–9.1). The 1-year cumulative probability of IFI was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.8–9.3%), 5.4% (95% CI: 3.6–8.1%), 1.8% (95% CI: 1.3–2.5%), 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–3.2%), and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9–1.4%) for lung, heart, liver, kidney-pancreas, and kidney-only transplant recipients, respectively. Lung transplant recipients had both the highest incidence rate and the highest 10-year probability of IFI: 43.0 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 36.8–50.0) and 26.4% (95% CI: 22.4–30.9%), respectively. Lung transplantation was also associated with the highest 1-year cumulative probability of post-IFI all-cause mortality (40.2%,95% CI: 33.1–48.3%). Among kidney transplant recipients, the 1-year probability of death-censored graft failure after IFI was 9.8% (95% CI: 6.0–15.8%). Conclusion The 1-year cumulative probability of IFI varies widely among SOT recipients. Lung transplantation was associated with the highest incidence of IFI with considerable 1-year all-cause mortality. The findings of this study considerably improved our understanding of the long-term probability of post-transplant IFI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Future of Solid Organ Transplantation: Organ-Specific Tolerance

KIDNEYS ◽

10.22141/2307-1257.10.3.2021.239589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 130-136

Author(s):

Yusuf Ercin Sonmez

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Solid Organ Transplantation ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Immunological Tolerance ◽

The Body ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Donor Organ ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Specific Tolerance

A transplant between two people who are not genetically identical is called an allotransplant and the process is called allotransplantation. Donor organs and tissues can be from people who are living, or people who have died because of a significant brain injury or lack of circulation. Allotransplantation can create a rejection process where the immune system of the recipient attacks the foreign donor organ or tissue and destroys it. The recipient may need to take immunosuppressive medication for the rest of their life to reduce the risk of rejection of the donated organ. In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. The adverse effects associated with these agents and the risks of long-term immunosuppression present a number of challenges for the clinician. Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism.

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