Relationship of Climate, Environmental Health Intervention with the Incident Rate (IR) of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Case in North Jakarta, 2017-2019

The issue of climate change has been hotly discussed considering its serious impact on various aspects of life, especially health. The negative potential or risk of climate change to health has been seen as a global challenge that can threaten human livelihoods. This climate change has resulted in changing disease patterns in society due to a changing climate and environment. The increase in temperature has the potential to be associated with a significant increase in cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This research was a descriptive with an ecological time series design to describe the frequency and distribution of health problems or the correlation between disease and the factors that influence it. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between climate, environmental health interventions and the incidence of dengue fever. The results of climate conditions in North Jakarta in 2017 to 2019 average normal air temperature 28.480C, high humidity 74.94%, medium rainfall 136.37 mm, wind speed classified as low 1.30 knots, active waste bank environment 162.66, DHF incident rate 47.86 below national standards 49/100,000 inhabitants. The results of the bivariate factors associated with IR DHF were humidity p 0.006, larva free rate 0.003, waste bank 0.009, rainfall 0.190, and wind speed 0.474. The final model factors related to IR DHF were humidity p value 0.000, R0.741, R Square 0.550; Rainfall p value 0.005, R 0.407, R Square 0.165, Larvae Free Rate R 0.296, R Square 0.088. The conclusion of these three factors contributed to the incidence of DHF R 0.952 meaning that the relationship was very strong, R Square 0.906 (90.6%) contributed to the IR DHF in North Jakarta. Suggestions in the environment that the humidity was not high around 45%- 60%, larvae free rate < 95%. Precipitation >100 mm DHF have alert.

Outpatient Care and Short Hospitalization for the Elderly Patient with Inguinal Hernia

Introduction: The surgery of hernial disease of abdominal wall and especially of the inguinofemoral hernia has increase but in fact its prevalence is unknown. The objective of present study was to assess the result of surgical treatment of the inguinofemoral region hernia in third-age patients seen in the "Dr. Enrique Cabrera" Teaching General Hospital. Methods: A study was conducted in 2186 third-age patients operated on of inguinofemoral hernia from January, 2000 to December, 2020 in the above mentioned hospital. In all cases patients had the alternative to be operated on in ambulatory way or with a short hospital stay. Also, were included the patients operated on as an urgency. From the patients operated on in an elective way were excluded those suffering of associated, cardiopulmonary or thromboembolic ASA-III type diseases (classification of the American Society of Anesthesiology). Results: The great incidence of the inguinal hernia was found in ages from 60-69 years (59,3%). The indirect right inguinal hernia was the more frequent. The Desarda's anatomical surgical technique was the more applied one in the inguinal hernia and theLichtenstein's prosthetic technique with the 32% was the following in frequency. There were 20 relapses (0,9%). Local anesthesia was applied in the 75,4% of patients, in ambulatory way in the 76,4%. The total of complications was of 78 (7,1%). Conclusions: The surgical treatment of inguinofemoral hernias, ambulatory or with a short hospital stay is a suitable procedure in third-age patients since to increase the comfort of patients, to decrease the hospital infection risk, to reduce the waiting lists and the hospital costs.

Dengue: Foreshadowing from Ancient Foe

Dengue is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease(female mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, principally Aedes aegypti)caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical continent. World health organization (WHO) currently estimates there may be 50 -100 million dengue infections worldwide every year with over 2.5 billion people at risk of dengue. Symptomatic dengue virus infection may manifest as undifferentiated fever, classical dengue fever (with or without unusual hemorrhages), and dengue hemorrhagic fever (with or without shock). Expanded dengue syndrome(EDS) was coined by WHO in the year 2012 to describe cases, which do not fall into either dengue shock syndrome or dengue hemorrhagic fever. The atypical manifestations noted in expanded dengue are multisystem and multifaceted with organ involvement, such as liver, brain, heart, kidney, central/peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lympho reticular system.

Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus and Associated Factors in Borena District, Southern Ethiopia

West Nile virus is a member of genus Flavivirus that cause emerging disease. It is transmitted with mosquitoes, Culex species. Still now, no studies carried out to determine the seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the WNV seroprevalence and its associated factors in health facilities in the Borena District. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August, 2019. 519 consecutive acute febrile patients attending the outpatient departments of Teltelle Health Center, Yabello and Moyale Hospital were participated. Data on socio-demographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. 3-5 blood samples were collected from all participants and screened for WNV antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay. The overall prevalence of anti-WNV IgG and IgM was 7.3% and 2.7% respectively. Above thirty-nine percent of the study participants were from Teltelle Health center, 36.6% were from Moyale Hospital, and the left were (23.7%) were from Yabello Hospital. Female participants (3.3%) had higher rate of WNV IgM compared to males (2%), but male was account higher in IgG antibody (8.8%). This study provides evidence that WNV infection is prevalent in the study area. The observed low awareness of participants underlines the urgent need for further community based studies to determine the associated factors that determine the extent of exposure to WNV infection in the study area for appropriate control and prevention.

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis After Coronavirus Infection in A Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- Case report

Background. Thrombotic complications after COVID-19 are described in literature in early period after acute phase of infection. Case presentation. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cavernous sinus thrombosis and maxillary osteomyelitis 4 months after COVID-19 infection. Conclusion. Prevention of thrombosis after COVID-19 is the cornerstone, the prevention period may need to be extended.

Desarda Repair No Mesh and Lichtenstein Repair for Inguinal Hernia a Study of 2793 Patients

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Desarda repair no mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia. Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial study of 2793 patients having 2936 hernias operated from January 2002 to December 2020.1434 patients were operated using Lichtenstein repair and 1359 using Desarda repair. The variables like age, sex, location, type of hernia, tolerance to local anesthesia, duration of surgery, pain on the first, third and fifth day, hospital stay, complications, re-explorations, morbidity and time to return to normal activities were analyzed. Follow up period was from 1-10 years (median 6.5 years). Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, location, type of hernia, and pain in both the groups. The operation time was 53 minutes in Desarda group and 43 minutes in the Lichtenstein group that is significant (p<0.05). The recurrence was 0.4 % in Desarda group and 0.4 % in Lichtenstein group. But, there were 14 cases of infection to the polypropylene mesh in the Lichtenstein group, 7 of this required re-exploration. The morbidity was also significantly more in Lichtenstein group (5,1 %) as compared to Desarda group (3.1 %). The mean time to return to work in the Desarda group was 8.26 days while a mean of 12.58 days was in the Lichtenstein group. The mean hospital stay was 29 hrs. In Desarda group while it was 49 hours in the Lichtenstein group in those patients who were hospitalized. Conclusions: Desarda repair scores significantly over the Lichtenstein repair in all respects including re-explorations and morbidity. Desarda repair is a better choice as compared with Lichtenstein repair

Onset of Diabetes Pediatric Age and Comorbidly in the last 12 years and urgent Covid Vaccination in Sanitary Agency in Bergamo - Italy

Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease as a result of absent or low intake in internal production of Insulin or glucose tolerance in a large diffusion population of 3.27 million people in Italy. 5,4 thousand of Italian people for ISTAT in a future prospective and there will be an increase in the next years for high increase risk of new cases every year until now. We have Diabetes typo II (T2DM, older in 90%), and Diabetes typo I (T1DM, younger in 10%), both are Prevent with Auxological Screening and early Intervention with Nutritional Applied Behavior Analysis (A.B.A.). An early diagnosis determines a survival of 5,000 patients for year. In our patients affects by T1DM, during pandemic of Coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV type 2 and variants), we have noted an increase of glycemia during respiratory infections with more comorbidities and complications for them. Clinical Study We study 181 patients who have accessed in Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital in these years since 1/1/2009 to 1/6/2020. we have 181 records divided for sex: 104 males and 77 females. With follow-up for 55 patients with severe comorbidities and 4 were transferred to HUB Center for risk of coma in severe compliances and during Covid lock down 44 patients were suggested to take care in HUB center of Bergamo or Milan to prevent their hospitalizations in security environment. The children’s accesses affected by Diabetes type 1 was in our Emergency and Pediatric Department of Treviglio Hospital in the last 12 years, since 1 January 2009 to 1 June 2021, are 129 total patients and 52 new patients during Auxological-Nutritional Ambulatory for Pediatric T1DM outpatients before and during 2020-2021 controls of metabolic diet therapy in fellow-up, now, with cellphone and in Meet. Materials and Methods We have records data in excel and Pivot graphic and analysis in Anova Statics Program with follow-up of 181 patients divided in 2 period of age: preschooler 23, and scholar e adolescent 157. 125 patients are divided in 123 Diabetes Mellitus (with Italian code 775.1 e 250.1 national record), 2 MOBY cases and 57 patients with one or more comorbidly. From date of casehistory, we need now analysis 3 groups with outset of diabetes during 2 years of life of which 19.2% with comorbidity 21.6% with many comorbidities and cases of Insulin-dependent Diabetes after 2 years of life are 77,7%, with severe comorbidity in 24%. With comorbidity outset in the 39.2% and during follow-up in 42.4%. From report 21% patients have for the major part “Celiac Disease” and 6,4% other infections (Helicobacter Pylori and enteritis). Whereas 28% have metabolic-auxological endocrinological diseases (acute/chronic evolution during up-growth). Underweight young with T1DM (BMI < 15 Kg/m2) or obesity (BMI>35 Kg/m2) have a high risk to be infected and dead for COVID-19 owing to complications of their status of health. Conclusions Until 1/31/2018, we allow to do a distinction: the first since 2009-2014 within 20.6% early diagnosis and discovered in later age the second since 2014-2019 with more 38.4%. In the last years since 2019-2021 about, the early neonatal respect to mellitus DMT1 of last period, presents a predictive index of 55.5% with a better stature-ponderal development, neurological-behavior, and nutritional-compliance monitoring in 12 years of periodic controls. Since 11 March 2020 with WhatsApp, Hangouts and Meet or Skype, our data of SARS-CoV-19 infection in T1DM patients showed more than 65% positive patients by serological test after a period of suspect disease in 12 patients (6,6%) against a few symptoms in 107 patients (59,11%) with positive nasalpharyngeal test during quarantine or observation in a second lockdown, since September 2020 to May 2021.

Comparison of Classical and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Activities of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds from Valeriana Officinalis

Medicinal plants are good sources and rich of substances which having nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine worldwide. The aim of present study was to evaluate the efficiencies of three methods for evaluated for antioxidant from Valeriana officinalis. Besides, the impact of extraction methods on total phenollic and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities of Valeriana root was investigated. The dried-root was extracted by three different methods including maceration, ultrasonic assisted, and Soxhlet assisted extraction. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using four different methods: DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals scavenging, reducing power and iron chelating activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also identified. The ultrasonic extract showed highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, the ultrasonic assisted extract, (IC50=0.546 μg/ ml) had a higher activity from other extracts. In reducing power assay, maceration extract showed the highest activity. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 for ultrasonic extract, soxhlet assisted extraction and maceration extract were 0.546, 0.816 and 0.678 μg/ml, respectively. Here, the maceratin extract showed the highest activity, too. The results clearly indicated the extraction methods used in this study significantly affected antioxidant capacities and total phenolic and flavonoids contents. Ultrasonic assisted extraction and Soxhlet methods were found to be more efficient in extraction of antioxidant components of valeriana.

The practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi. Method and techniques: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in which the population consisted on the one hand of the technical rooms of the maternity hospitals and the operating rooms for cesarean sections and on the other hand the nurses responsible for these maternities. The observation technique using an observation guide of the WHO model allowed us to collect the data. Results: Hand hygiene was not properly carried out in the maternity wards of Lubumbashi's public hospitals. Most of the prerequisites before hand washing and hydro-alcoholic hand rubbing were not respected, the prerequisites for surgical hand washing were observed only at 21.4%:e wearing of short-sleeved clothing (43.0%),absence of jewelry (78.6%), short nails without varnish and false nails (50.0%). In the absence of hydroalcoholic solution (SHA) (71.4%) for the friction, they used denatured alcohol (28.6%). The duration of soaping and friction was in an interval between 11 to 20 seconds or 42.9% and that of hygienic hand washing was observed at 28.6%. The duration of surgical and antiseptic hand washing was 21 to 40 seconds to 35.7%. Only 21.4% of the departments surveyed had used the broad-spectrum antiseptic foaming solution, no structure had a sterile disposable brush for hygienic and surgical hand washing, 2/14 departments surveyed had sterile disposable towels, the water used had not undergone bacteriological control and only one service, ie 7.1%, which had non-manually operated bins. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is not properly carried out in maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi's public hospitals, due to a lack of equipment and knowledge on this practice, equipment must be provided and staff trained in hand hygiene.

Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Children on Arvs in the Prevention of Mother Transmission (PMTCT) Child Centers in the Ruashi Health Zone in Lubumbashi in Dr Congo

Introduction: HIV infection causes and promotes enormous nutritional deficits in children. The objective of this work was to analyze the nutritional status of children infected with HIV placed on antiretrovirals in the Ruashi Health Zone in Lubumbashi. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study which focused on 51 children aged 3 months to 17 years selected in 8 care structures for People Living with HIV AIDS, from January to June 2016. Data was collected by documentary review and the usual descriptive statistics and anthropometric indicators were used. Result: The prevalence of overall malnutrition was 31.37% (n = 51) including 7.84% moderate malnutrition. The average weight is 19.25 kg with a minimum weight of 4.5 kg and a maximum of 49 kg. The overall prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <11g / dl) was 9.8%. Wasting affected 3.92% of children and 7.84% were victims of chronic malnutrition. The prevalence of acute malnutrition was 25.48%, of which 3.92% was severe acute malnutrition. Immune deficiency (CD4 <350) in 5.88% of cases, undetectable viral load at 88.37% and treatment compliance at 92.16% Conclusion: HIV / AIDS affects the state of health of children in Ruashi with 31.37% overall malnutrition and 7.84% stunted growth. Good nutritional and therapeutic support for children is necessary.