scholarly journals Editorial

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Fiscal Space

During the Pandemic, the World Bank estimations suggested that remittances globally would fall about 20 per cent. The live results show mixed reactions and IMF reports show significant resilience in some corridors. This is in line with our earlier studies and predictions. Regulations and restrictions keep remittances costs high and particularly higher in some corridors involving poorer countries. There are already calls to reduce the costs and make sending money home easier and attractive. In this issue of Remittances Review, Fernando César Costa Xavier discusses the terminology of irregular remittances with a particular reference to the Venezuelan immigrants’ money sending practices. Sena Kimm Gnangnon shows the effect of remittances inflows on public finance by examining the effect of remittances inflows on fiscal space using a sample of 109 receiving countries over the period 1980-2015. The last paper by Rodolfo García Zamora and Selene Gaspar Olvera shows that Mexican migrants’ remittances from the US had been suffering the effects of COVID-19 in April 2020.

El Salvador's “Model” Democracy

2005 ◽  
Vol 104 (679) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

In the immediate aftermath of the 1992 peace accords, El Salvador was cited frequently by the United Nations and even the World Bank as a country that, with the international community's help, effectively managed its transition from civil war to peace and reconciliation. Thirteen years later, only the US government views the Salvadoran model so favorably.

Part I Transnational Corruption and International Efforts at its Control, 4 International Efforts to Combat Corruption in Foreign Investment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llamzon Aloysius P
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

This chapter discusses how various actors in the world community have sought to combat transnational corruption. The most important of these actors are, of course, States, and the discussion begins with the efforts of the US through the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. It then turns to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the various regional instruments inspired by that treaty, culminating in the UN Convention Against Corruption. It considers efforts by multinational companies to institute norms and codes of conduct to guide their foreign investment relationships; and the response of international institutions, particularly the World Bank and international civil society. The chapter ends with an appraisal of the strengths and vagaries of the current regime of international anti-corruption law.

scholarly journals Boulevard to broken dreams, Part 1: the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon, and the World Bank's environmental and indigenous peoples' norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. WADE
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Before the mid 1980s the World Bank conceived "nature" as something to be "conquered" and "environment" as a source of resources for "development". By the late 1980s the Bank incorporated norms of environmental sustainability and indigenous peoples' protection into its mandate, and other development-oriented IOs followed. This two-part paper describes how a fight over the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon - inside the Bank, between the Bank and NGOs supported by the US Congress, and between the Bank and the government of Brazil -helped to generate the far-reaching change of policy norms. The first part describes how the project was designed as an innovation in sustainable development in rainforests; and how it provoked a firestorm inside the Bank as it moved towards project approval.

Cost-Benefit Analysis Theory versus Practice at the World Bank 1960 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Two cost-benefit analysis methods developed from differing economic situations and analytical objectives in the 1960s and 1970s. The Trade Policy Approach of Ian Little and James Mirrlees analyzed international competitiveness of projects producing private goods and physical infrastructure in markets severely distorted by trade protectionism; it was adopted in 1975 by the World Bank; the multilateral regional development banks followed suit. The Public Finance Approach of Arnold Harberger developed from comparative statics analyses of public projects and policies in the United States and was adopted at the US Agency for International Development and in several Latin American countries. The original Trade Policy Approach included social analysis too tedious for everyday application, leading an efficiency-only version to emerge and be popularized by teaching materials from Price Gittinger and colleagues in the World Bank’s Economic Development Institute. It proved the right method for World Bank use until Washington Consensus reforms, the GATT and WTO reduced price distortions, and slowly restored private international financial flows gave private industry access to international private investment capital. Official Development Assistance (ODA) portfolios responded by refocusing on public goods and market failures, leading to decreased utility of the Trade Policy Approach and decreased use of cost-benefit analysis at the World Bank. A 1990s drive in the World Bank to switch from the Trade Policy Approach to the increasingly relevant Public Finance Approach resulted in an internal manual and operational guidelines, but not a book from a distinguished university press, commonly presumed to signal official Bank policy. It is time for that long-overdue book to be published.

Globalization, International Finance, and Political Islam in the Arab World

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This article looks at one important aspect of globalization in the Arab World, namely the provision of international finance by the US, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank in support of economic liberalization programs. This flow of international finance has been partly determined by geopolitical factors and in some countries has resulted in a decline in state provision of social welfare, increased poverty, and increased inequality. Not only has this form of globalization been increasingly challenged by Islamist groups, but many such groups have moved in to provide social capital and fill the welfare gap created by the gradual withdrawal of the state from socio-economic affairs. Globalization has thus strengthened the hand of political Islam and undermined the political legitimacy of incumbent regimes.

scholarly journals How Do the Poor Respond to Rising Prices?

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 827-842
Author(s):  
Zareen Fatima Naqvi ◽  
Mohammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Services ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
The Government

Recent estimates show that after falling in the 1980s, poverty has made a comeback in Pakistan during the 1990s. The Government of Pakistan (GOP) estimate show an increase in caloric poverty headcount from 17 percent in 1987-88 to 33 percent in 1998-99 and also rising income inequality during the 1990s.1 In contrast preliminary estimates by the World Bank show that poverty may not have risen as rapidly during the 1990s and may even have stagnated.2 Slow down in economic growth, rising open unemployment, rising food and non-food prices, reduction in the fiscal space for pro-poor public programmes, poor governance hampering delivery of social services to the poor; are factors that have been attributed to the growing poverty and vulnerability of households in recent years.

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