Strategy Towards Active Food Packaging Material From Cellulose Nanoparticles and its Characterization

The utilization of agro-industrial wastes such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a source of cellulose has influenced a wide range of interest in various applications such as food packaging, drug delivery, paper production, etc. Owing to the rich source of cellulose in SCB, the nanoparticle was prepared efficiently. The pure form of cellulose was isolated from SCB by eliminating the remaining components such as hemicellulose and lignin by treating SCB with a soluble base and a bleaching agent. Cellulose nanoparticles were synthesized from the purified cellulose by acid hydrolysis using H2SO4 followed by dialysis to remove sulfate ions and attain neutrality. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy that helped to confirm the exclusion of lignin and hemicellulose. The crystalline nature of the cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) was confirmed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology of CNPs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the particle size of CNPs was found to be 189 nm by particle size analysis (PSA). Further, this study proved the nanomaterial preparation from agro-wastes can be utilized to develop food packaging film in food industries.

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Analysis of Dispersed Phase of Coconut Milk Emulsion

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.3.1.159-162 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

Dwi Hudiyanti

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Optical Microscopy ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Coulter Counter ◽

Coconut Milk ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Dispersed Phase ◽

Average Value ◽

Wide Range ◽

Microscopy Analysis

Experiments were conducted to study the dispersed phase of coconut milk emulsion. They were optical microscopy analysis using a Nikon Microscope and particle size analysis using a Coulter Counter Multisizer. Particle size analysis using a Coulter Counter Multisizer on both original coconut milk and homogenized coconut milk at T = 19 °C indicated that they had a wide range of particle size with average value of 5.988 + 1 .0 pm and 6.696 + 1 . 1 pm in diameter respectively. Optical microscopy analysis showed that homogenization of coconut milk after it was heated in a water bath at T = 35 °C for about 15 minutes resulted in changes of particle size, the particle size became smaller. The result lead to a conclusion that the coconut milk emulsion may be considered as a polydisperse emulsion and it indicates that the system should not be sensitive to small variations in preparation or subsequent handling.

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Characterization Tests for Mineral Fillers Related to Performance of Asphalt Paving Mixtures

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1638-12 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1638 (1) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Prithvi S. Kandhal ◽

Cynthia Y. Lynn ◽

Frazier Parker

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Particle Size ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Wide Range ◽

Methylene Blue Test ◽

Asphalt Paving

Various studies have shown that the properties of mineral filler, especially the material passing through a 0.075-mm (No. 200) sieve (generally called P200 material), have a significant effect on the performance of asphalt paving mixtures in terms of permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and moisture susceptibility. However, researchers have employed different characterization tests for evaluating the P200 materials. This study was undertaken to determine which P200 characterization tests are most related to the performance of asphalt paving mixtures. Six P200 materials representing a wide range of mineralogical composition and particle size were used. These P200 materials were characterized by six tests including Rigden voids, particle size analysis, and methylene blue test. Mixes were prepared with two fines to asphalt ratios (0.8 and 1.5) by weight. Mix validation tests included the Superpave shear test for evaluating permanent deformation and fatigue cracking, and the Hamburg wheel tracking test and AASHTO T283 for evaluating moisture susceptibility of the 12 mixtures containing different P200 materials and fines to asphalt ratios. The particle sizes in microns corresponding to 60 and 10 percent passing and the methylene blue test were determined to be related to the performance of asphalt paving mixtures.

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Effects of different dispersion and fine fraction determination methods on the results of routine particle size analysis

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9870347 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

PJ Thorburn ◽

RJ Shaw

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fine Fraction ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Coarse Sand ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Effective Dispersion ◽

Determination Methods ◽

Fraction Determination

Particle-size analysis (PSA) methods to be used in routine situations need to be rapid, require no prior information about the sample and give precise results over a wide range of soil textures. Effects of three physical dispersion and two fine-fraction determination methods on PSA results were investigated over a wide range of soil textures to find the most appropriate technique for routine PSA. Interactions between physical dispersion and fine-fraction determination methods were also investigated. The reciprocating shaker produced significantly lower silt and fine sand and higher coarse sand (and clay, although not significant) values than either drink mixer or end-over-end shaker dispersions. This result was interpreted as the reciprocating shaker giving the most effective dispersion, with aggregated clay being dispersed to primary particles while coarse sand was not fragmented to fine sand or silt. The end-over-end shaker did not reliably disperse a heavy clay soil, and so cannot be recommended for routine use where similar soils may be encountered. When considered over all soils and dispersion methods, hydrometer clay and clay + silt values were higher than pipette values. These results were due to the effective depth of the hydrometer being greater, on average, than the depth of the pipette. However, there were interactions between dispersion and fine-fraction determination methods for the clay and clay +silt classes. Hydrometer values were greater than pipette values with drink mixer and end-over-end shaker dispersion, but were similar with reciprocating shaker dispersion. For the clay fraction, inferior dispersion given by the drink mixer and end-over-end shaker resulted in a significant mass of particles between the sampling depths of the pipette and hydrometer, causing the higher hydrometer values. For the clay +silt fraction, both drink mixer and end-over-end dispersion methods fragmented sands to a size which was recorded by the hydrometer but not the pipette. These interactions highlighted the requirement for effective dispersion where clay and silt are determined by the hydrometer, and may explain some of the conflicting observations of the precision of the hydrometer compared with the pipette. Reciprocating shaker physical dispersion combined with the hydrometer fine-fraction determination method was found the most appropriate PSA method combination for use in a routine situation.

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How does pretreatment of dry steppe soils affect particle size analysis by laser diffraction?

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9415 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moritz Koza ◽

Aleksey Prays ◽

Andrej Bondarovich ◽

Kanat Akshalov ◽

Christopher Conrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Wide Range ◽

Binding Agents ◽

Sample Dispersion

After extensive research on different methods to measure particle size distribution (PSD), soil scientists are proposing the laser diffraction method (LDM) as a standard method for soil texture analysis. However, the effects of different pretreatments on particle size analysis of dry steppe soils with LDM has not been tested so far. This study aims to evaluate different pretreatment methods with the purpose to disperse aggregates and remove binding agents in Chernozem and Kastanozem soils. To cover a wide range of different land-use types and farming methods, 112 surface soil samples were taken from 13 fields on four different test sites in Kazakhstan. Before LDM analysis, all samples were pretreated with either H2O2 to remove organic carbon or HCl to remove carbonates. The results showed that removing organic matter with H2O2 led to complete sample dispersion while HCl pretreatment caused incomplete dispersion, likely due to aggregation by calcium ions released by the dissolution of carbonates.

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