Letters in Applied NanoBioScience
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Published By AMG Transcend Association

2284-6808

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4213-4226

This paper reports the recently published work on using the extract of fruits as natural catalysts in the formation of heterocycles. Twelve green principles are described in this review through the recent synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. These catalysts have many benefits, such as non-hazardous, clean reaction profile, easy handle, low cost, easily available, etc. The Fruit extract catalyst is one of the best options for the recyclization of organic heterocycles in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4280-4293

The study's objective was to determine the changes in oxidative stability of m. Longissimus dorsi, m. Semimembranosus and perirenal adipose tissue from lambs fed a diet supplemented by 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin/kg life wight/d or 545 mg dry distilled rose petals (DDRP)/kg life wight/d.The experiments were performed with 30 male lambs aged 65 days. They were divided into three groups of 10 animals fed 50 days ad libitum: the control group (with ground alfalfa + granulated compound feed) and two experimental ones (with the same diet + phytonutrients). Samples stored 7 days at 0-4°C were examined. After 7 d of storage in both muscles, the addition of 545 mg DDRP/kg life wight/d contributed to the reduction of α-aminoacidic nitrogen with approximately 0.5 mg Leu/g and the FFA with 0.5-2%. The addition of 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin contributed to the reduction of TBARS with 0.14-0.21 mg MDA/kg, the total color difference, and a slight increase in the share of the MUFA more pronounced in m. Longissimus dorsi. The reduction of aerobic plate count and total yeasts and molds count were determined too. Further studies with higher doses of phytonutrient’s supplementation are needed to determine if it will provoke a more pronounced oxidative stability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4272-4279

The study of this review focus on effective herbal medicine against COVID-19. There have been many such plants on which a lot of research has been done earlier, and these have been very good for health as we know that the current situation of the whole world is very serious with the novel COVID-19 virus epidemic. Hence, people consume a lot of herbal medicine to increase their immunity, such as kadha (brewing), and it is also very effective against this viral infection. If we take brewing in the proper dose, research should be done from clinical trials. We have been taking many medicines since old times and have been doing research on them which is Antiviral and useful in different types of infection caused by bacteria, viruses, microbes, etc. The plant's diversity included their chemical constituents, showing the promise of their therapeutic level against the antiviral activity, without any toxicity with plasma concentration. Many plants show effectively against viral infections that are Flavonoids, Glycosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, etc.. Still, any clinical trials on humans do not prove their proper research on them, but the Chinese system of medicine claimed that Traditional Chinese medicine improves the COVID-19 patient. According to this review, we aim to collate data of plants the various large in the quantity of natural active constituents from individual medicinal plant species that may have potential therapeutic efficacy. The continuing development of novel antiviral drugs needs to isolate and synthesize more new active constituents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4227-4242

In this search, the wool fabric was dyed with a natural dye Calligonum comosum (Callig. Co. dye); the dyeing process was applied under different conditions by changing dye bath temperature, time of dyeing, and pH of dye bath also using different mordants. Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was determined for each dyed wool sample. The role of these dying conditions on the via color strength analysis their effects on the reflectance spectra were investigated using the spectro-photometer tool, CIE tristimulus values, and the color parameters. The dye-ability strength and fastness to washing and perspiration properties of these wool samples dyed with (Callig. Co. dye) were carried out spectrophotometrically and evaluated the antimicrobial activity for blank and dyed wool fabrics via gram-positive and gram-negative was followed. The results showed that dyeing wool fabrics with (Callig. Co. dye) increased their protective abilities markedly, and they have effective protection against UV rays, also improving their antimicrobial activity. Moreover, Different conditions of the dye bath changed the optical properties noticeably. The present study will be useful for dermatologists advising patients regarding the UPF properties of clothes made from natural fabrics (wool) and dyed with natural colorants (Callig. Co. dye).


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4243-4254

In this work, we aimed to study the effect of caffeine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles on melanoma cells and fibroblast cells. The B16F10 murine melanoma cells and L929 fibroblast cells were treated with a different dilution ratio of caffeine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles for 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell assay results showed that treatment with caffeine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (25 % and 50 %) effectively inhibited the proliferation, viability, and migration ability of B16F10 melanoma cells at 48 and 72 h. Moreover, we also found that the cell apoptosis of B16F10 melanoma cells was induced by treatment of 12.5, 25, and 50 % caffeine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. In the meantime, for L929 fibroblast cells, there was no significant cell cytotoxic effects observed with identical treatment. In summary, the caffeine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles induced apoptotic process inhibited cell viability and migration ability of melanoma cells and could be an alternative therapy for melanoma cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4255-4262

The utilization of agro-industrial wastes such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a source of cellulose has influenced a wide range of interest in various applications such as food packaging, drug delivery, paper production, etc. Owing to the rich source of cellulose in SCB, the nanoparticle was prepared efficiently. The pure form of cellulose was isolated from SCB by eliminating the remaining components such as hemicellulose and lignin by treating SCB with a soluble base and a bleaching agent. Cellulose nanoparticles were synthesized from the purified cellulose by acid hydrolysis using H2SO4 followed by dialysis to remove sulfate ions and attain neutrality. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy that helped to confirm the exclusion of lignin and hemicellulose. The crystalline nature of the cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) was confirmed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology of CNPs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the particle size of CNPs was found to be 189 nm by particle size analysis (PSA). Further, this study proved the nanomaterial preparation from agro-wastes can be utilized to develop food packaging film in food industries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4263-4271

Heterogeneous mixture of partially purified rhamnolipid (RL) produced from Achromobacter sp. (PS1) using lignocellulosic rice straw (RS) sugar hydrolysate medium revealed six different congeners- Rha- C10-C10, Rha-C8-C10/Rha-C10-C8, Rha- C12-C10 / Rha- C10-C12, referring mono-rhamnolipids amounting to total 68.23 % and Rha-Rha-C10-C10, Rha-Rha-C8-C10/Rha-Rha-C10-C8, Rha-Rha-C10-C12/Rha-Rha-C12-C10, referring di-rhamnolipids amounting to 31.73 %, with Mono to Di- RL in the ratio of 2.1:1. This mixture's antimicrobial action containing more mono-rhamnolipids analyzed using broth macro-dilution method exhibited a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity showing ≥ 90 % growth inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria at MIC ranging from 1.25 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL of total rhamnolipids. This might be due to the more hydrophobic character of mono-rhamnolipids containing a single rhamnosyl group and showing high surface activities. On the other hand, the non-antifungal activity may be attributed to the lower percentage of di-rhamnolipids in the partially purified mixture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4294-4301

Thromboembolic diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Oral anticoagulants for preventing or treating thromboembolic diseases reduce blood clotting and prevent fibrin deposition, thrombus development, and growth. This study aimed to investigate the educational needs and the rate of reaching the target INR level of individuals using warfarin for heart diseases. The population of this cross-sectional study was attempted to reach the entire population by not choosing a sample due to heart diseases between August –September 2019 in the cardiology outpatient clinic of a public hospital operating in Istanbul. However, due to the voluntary basis and incorrect registration of the questionnaires, 157 participants formed the sample. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. 75.1% of the individuals stated that they were informed about the use of warfarin, and 66.8% of those who received the information stated that they received the information from their physician. In addition, 75.7% stated that they took warfarin regularly, 81.7% had regular INR control, 52.1% knew the target INR value, 68.9% knew the complications. It was found to be 47.6. A statistically significant difference was found between individuals who reached the target INR level and those who did not, according to their information acquisition status (p <0.05). The low rate of individuals reaching the target INR level draws attention. For this reason, it is thought that the knowledge level of patients who are starting treatment with warfarin should be increased, and new generation oral anticoagulant drugs can be used as an anticoagulant treatment instead of warfarin in patients whose target INR cannot be achieved despite sufficient training.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4178-4191

Ayurveda, often known as Ayurvedic medicine, is a customized system of the traditional system of medicine with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. This alternative medicine system has been used for more than 5,000 years in India, and it is grounded on a holistic view of treatment that stimulates and supports equilibrium in diverse facets of human life: the body, soul, and mind. A great variety of herbs and plants are used in Ayurveda for numerous advantages; however, the popular Ayurvedic medicinal plants and formulations that are used to delay the aging of the human brain and improve memory consist of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis, Evolvulus alsinoides, and other species), gotu kola (Centella asiatica), and guggulu (Commiphora mukul and correlated species) and a preparation identified as Brāhmī Ghṛita, containing Brahmi, Vacā (Acorus calamus), Kuṣṭha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhpushpi, and Purāṇa Ghṛita (old clarified butter/old ghee). One of the extremely common progressive neurodegenerative disorders is Alzheimer s disease (AD), which is characterized by profound memory loss ample enough to hinder social and occupational functioning. Globally, more than 20 million people are affected by this most common form of dementia. AD is characterized by a stealthy loss of memory, allied functional decline, and behavioral disturbances. With modern scientific methods, it is anticipated that this description can be further explored to disclose novel therapeutic pointers and push-start additional studies on the use of Ayurvedic medicine to prevent and treat AD. This paper reviews the clinical effects of a number of generally used types of herbal medicines to treat AD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4201-4212

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) recently emerged as a new pandemic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. This disease considers as a potential threat to human society. Researchers are continuously working to identify virus structure, the pathophysiology of the disease, and possible treatment of the disease. Currently, to fight against the coronavirus, two major strategies have been adopted throughout the world; one is to target virus-cell machinery, and the second is to improve patient immunity. In this review, we have described detailed information about the structure and life cycle of the novel coronavirus, current therapy, and future strategies to fight against this pandemic disease. Computational methods are useful for understanding virus structure, disease pathology, and discovering novel anti-COVID agents. These methods can provide fast and efficient solutions to fight against this disease. We also highlighted the potential role of robotic technology and its importance in various clinical aspects. These robotic technologies may also play an important role in fighting COVID-19.


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