scholarly journals Environment friendly management of mosquito: a short review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Riaz ◽  
A Riaz ◽  
B Ijaz ◽  
MS Rasool ◽  
S Rahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Dragonfly Nymph ◽  
Larvivorous Fish ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

Despite the large scale use of insecticides, capacity building, municipality, community and metropolis awareness, and preventive measures to counter vector borne diseases which are mounting day-by-day, new tools are now been introducing to prevent the spread of mosquito transmitted diseases. The low efficacy status of chemical pesticides have lead to the interest of researchers in search of fresh and even more practicable vector control methodologies to be applied. In this regards, multiple alternatives have been monitoring to develop control practice measures for the eradication, observation and control of mosquitoes at larval level by the use of a sustainable biological monitoring and control by an ordinary constructive predator, to exercise monitoring and practical control measures over parasites at larval stages in environmental and eco-friendly techniques. In particular, bio-control measures to monitor and control practical practices, context predatory larvivorous fish, dragonfly nymph, frogs, copepods, turtle, Entomopathogenic bacillus, Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis are beings tried in different regions of world. The available research on the subject recommends that there exist multiple direct and indirect growth factors that could play a dynamic role in prey and predator’s survival. Species controphic that have an impact on concerned eco-relation reflect significant effect. In addition to this, certain eco-relations represent positive stimuli for the control of vector borne viral diseases. As a bio-control achieving feasible agent for vector monitoring, pointing, management and control predatory larvivorous fish, dragonfly nymph, frogs, copepods, turtle, Entomopathogenic bacillus, Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis are not only considered as a liberated intervention for disease vector control of practices and mechanical control cost deterrents as well. Further research has been suggested on the subject so as to find out even more practicable and effective mosquito monitoring and practical control practices.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(3), 169-178, 2018

Control of Mosquitoes in Catch Basins in Connecticut With Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, and Spinosad

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Francis J. Ferrandino ◽  
Douglas W. Dingman ◽  
Andrew J. Main ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Catch Basins

scholarly journals Vaccine and Therapeutic Options To Control Chikungunya Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Integrated Vector Control

SUMMARYBeginning in 2004, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) went from an endemic pathogen limited to Africa and Asia that caused periodic outbreaks to a global pathogen. Given that outbreaks caused by CHIKV have continued and expanded, serious consideration must be given to identifying potential options for vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no licensed products in this realm, and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control, which are only minimally effective. Therefore, it is prudent to urgently examine further possibilities for control. Vaccines have been shown to be highly effective against vector-borne diseases. However, as CHIKV is known to rapidly spread and generate high attack rates, therapeutics would also be highly valuable. Several candidates are currently being developed; this review describes the multiple options under consideration for future development and assesses their relative advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals A Survey of Program Capacity and Skills of Florida Mosquito Control Districts to Conduct Arbovirus Surveillance and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Imelda K. Moise ◽  
Rui-De Xue ◽  
Leo C. Zulu ◽  
John C. Beier
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Effective and efficient surveillance systems are key for preventing arthropod-borne diseases. We examined the capacity of Florida mosquito control districts (both state-approved and open programs, n = 90; 48.9% response rate). Questions centered on budgets, staffing levels, equipment, vector control measures, and staff perceptions of own agency's capacity to implement routine surveillance and vector control activities. Bivariate analyses indicate that districts with relatively large budgets have advanced capacities regarding staffing levels, employee specialties, mosquito control equipment, conduct routine surveillance and vector control yet they serve only a small proportion of the population. Independent tax districts' average annual budgets were 9 times higher than Board of County Commissioners programs in fiscal year 2017–18. Most respondents indicated that staff is appropriately trained, and has timely access to information and needed equipment for mosquito surveillance and control. Slightly more than half of respondents feel they are understaffed. Perceived understaffing may compromise mosquito surveillance and control efforts in some districts.

scholarly journals Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in integrated vector control of Aedes sp. in Sri Lanka: a prospective controlled effectiveness study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Tissera ◽  
P. C. Samaraweera ◽  
B. D. W. Jayamanne ◽  
M. D. S. Janaki ◽  
M. P. P. U Chulasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Effectiveness Study ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Integrated Vector Control

scholarly journals Eficiência e Persistência de Três Produtos Comerciais à Base de Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis e Bacillus sphaericus no controle de Culicidae (Diptera) em Lagoas de Tratamento de Efluentes

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Jose Lopes ◽  
Fernando Pereira dos Santos ◽  
João Antonio Cyrino Zequi ◽  
Denise Miguel Petroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Culex Nigripalpus

Resumo. A ação hematofágica exercida por fêmeas de algumas espécies de Culicidae sobre o homem e outros animais pode estar diretamente relacionada à transmissão de patógenos, além de provocar reações alérgicas e causar incômodo. O aparecimento de populações resistentes aos inseticidas químicos impulsiona o uso de métodos de controle alternativos, principalmente o biológico. Objetivando testar a eficiência e persistência de produtos comerciais com principio ativo a base de Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Berliner e Bacillus sphaericus Neide foram realizados experimentos em três lagoas de tratamento de efluentes, sobre larvas de Culicidae. Testou-se Vectolex (formulação granulada de B. sphaericus), Sphaericus (Formulação líquida de B. sphaericus) e Bt-horus (formulação líquida de B. thuringiensis). As aplicações foram realizadas quinzenalmente com avaliações realizadas a 0, 24, 48, 72 e 120 horas após a aplicação. As lagoas estavam colonizadas por Culex nigripalpus Theobald (1,5%), Culex saltanensis Dyar (2,25%) e Culex quinquefasciatus Say (96,25%). Com o produto Bt horus, registrou-se redução larval de 89,06%, 83,97% e 89,96% respectivamente a 24, 48 e 72 horas após a aplicação. Nos produtos contendo B. sphaericus, respectivamente na formulação granulada e líquida observou-se uma redução de 98,89 % e 98,34%, após 24 horas da aplicação e de 99,79% e 99,78% após 48 horas. Os produtos e as diferentes formulações foram eficientes no controle de larvas das três espécies de culicídeos em lagoas com grande quantidade de matéria orgânica, porém a persistência verificada foi de dois e três dias para produtos contendo respectivamente B. sphaericus e B. thuringiensis israelensis. Efficiency and Persistence of Three Commercial Products Based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus in Controlling Culicidae (Diptera) in Effluent Treatment Lagoons Abstract. The hematofagic effect caused by females belonging to some species of Culicidae on humans and animals can be directly related to pathogen transmission, allergic reactions and uneasiness. The emergence of populations resistant to chemical insecticides has fostered the use of alternative methods, mainly biological control. The trials were conducted in three effluent treatment lagoons, on larvae of Culicidae to test the efficiency and persistence of commercial products whose active principles are based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Berliner and Bacillus sphaericus Neide. The products tested were Vectolex (a granulated formulation of B. sphaericus), Sphaericus (a liquid formulation of B. sphaericus) and Bt-horus (a liquid formulation of B. thuringiensis). The products were applied biweekly and evaluations were conducted 0, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after each application. The lagoons were colonized by Culex nigripalpus Theobald (1.5%), Culex saltanensis Dyar (2.25%), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (96.25%). Bt-horus reduced larvae by 89.06%, 83.97% and 89.96% at 24, 48 and 72 hours after product application, respectively. The granulated and the liquid formulations containing B. sphaericus reduced larvae by 98.89 % and 98.34% 24 hours after application, and by 99.79% and 99.78% after 48 hours, respectively. The products and the different formulations were effective in controlling larvae of all three Culicidae species in lagoons with high levels of organic matter, but the persistence was recorded in two and three days for products containing respectively B. sphaericus and B. thuringiensis israelensis.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL IN UZBEKISTAN: THE SUBSTANTIVE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW “ON PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL”

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Рахим Хакимов ◽  
Rakhim Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control

The article is devoted to the development of the constitutional and legal framework of parliamentary control in Uzbekistan. It provides an analysis, carried out during the years of independence, of large-scale, successive reforms aimed at strengthening the role, authority and control functions of the Parliament — the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the nature and the content of the Law “Оn parliamentary control” adopted in 2016. Separately, the issues concerning the subject structure of legal relations in the sphere of parliamentary control, the object of parliamentary control, the permissibility and the limits of parliamentary control, its forms, as well as measures taken by the parliamentary response by the results of the control measures are considered. The author made an attempt to justify the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On parliamentary control” scientifically and theoretically, identified a number of issues that require scientific and practical discussion and profound scientific and theoretical study.

scholarly journals Tres casos de infección aguda por Trypanosoma cruzi en perros de Misantla, Veracruz, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Salazar Grosskelwing
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Descripción de los casos. Se exponen tres casos clínico-patológicos de tripanosomiasis americana aguda en perros cachorros de la misma camada relacionados con el mismo foco de transmisión en Misantla, Veracruz, México.Hallazgos clínicos. Los perros mostraron signos clínicos respiratorios, gastrointestinales y sistémicos. Abundantes ooquistes de Cystoisospora sp. en heces. Tripomastigotes en sangre fresca. Estructuras parasitarias compatibles con Trypanosoma sp. en frotis sanguíneo.Tratamiento y evolución. Se inició tratamiento de sostén, sin embargo, no hubo mejoría y los tres casos clínicos concluyeron en deceso. Al primero se le hizo necropsia.Pruebas de laboratorio. Coproparasitoscopía directa, cuantificación de glucemia, microscopía directa en sangre y frotis sanguíneo teñido. En la necropsia: citología de médula ósea y análisis histopatológico de miocardio.Relevancia clínica. Se trata del primer informe de tripanosomiasis aguda en perros de la región. Debido a la inespecificidad de los signos, esta enfermedad se incluye dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales entre las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias agudas o crónicas en los perros de la zona. El carácter zoonótico de esta enfermedad vectorial desatendida representa un riesgo para la salud pública y animal, por lo que, deben considerarse medidas de monitoreo, prevención y control que disminuyan la probabilidad de zoonosis.Figura 2. Necropsia. Corazón con apariencia sugerente de agrandamiento del ventrículo derecho (VD) en comparación con el ventrículo izquierdo (VI).Three cases of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs from Misantla,Veracruz, Mexico. Abstract Description of the cases. Three clinical-pathological cases of acute American trypanosomiasis in puppies from the same litter related to the same focus of transmission in Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico are exposed.Clinical findings. The dogs showed clinical respiratory, gastrointestinal, and systemic signs. Abundant oocysts of Cystoisospora sp. in feces. Trypomastigotes in fresh blood. Parasitic structures compatible with Trypanosoma sp. in blood smear.Treatment and evolution. Supportive treatment was started, however, there was no improvement and all clinical cases ended in death. The necropsy was performed in the first case.Lab tests. Direct coproparasitoscopy, blood glucose quantification, direct blood microscopy and stained blood smear. In necropsy: bone marrow cytology and histopathological analysis of myocardium.Clinical relevance. This is the first report of acute trypanosomiasis in dogs in the region. Due to the non-specificity of the signs, this disease is included in the differential diagnoses of acute or chronic infectious and parasitic diseases in the dogs in the area. The zoonotic nature of this neglected vector-borne disease represents a risk to public and animal health, therefore, monitoring prevention and control measures that decrease the probability of zoonosis should be considered.Keywords: Chagas disease, dogs, Misantla, parasitemia, Trypanosoma sp.

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