scholarly journals Urinary Iodine Excretion of Lactating Mothers Predicts the Iodine Content of Their Breast Milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
M Iqbal Arslan ◽  
Forhadul Hoque Mollah ◽  
Md Aminul Haque Khan ◽  
Chaklader Md Kamal Jinnah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Breast Milk Iodine Concentration ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Iodine is essential for normal growth, mental development and survival of infants. Bangladesh is an iodine deficient region. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Routine measurement of breast milk iodine concentration is very difficult in our country due to some social and religious barriers. So, we designed this study in our population using urinary iodine as the indicator for assessing iodine status. Objectives: To assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to propose a method on how to predict the iodine concentration in breast milk. Materials and Methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (Statistical Programme for Social Science) 12 version software package for windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.50). 96% (48) mothers had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (P<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (P<0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine excretion of lactating mothers. Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were found iodine sufficient. Urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers predicts the iodine content of their breast milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11132J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(1): 15-18

scholarly journals Breast Milk Iodine and Iodine Status of Breast-Fed Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
M Iqbal Arslan ◽  
Mafruha Tazkin Milky
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infant’s health.Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants.Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows.Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 ?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01).Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mother’s milk.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 74-77

scholarly journals Maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants

Mediscope ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
GM Molla ◽  
FH Mollah ◽  
MT Milky ◽  
DK Sunyal ◽  
MI Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

The objective of the observational analytical study was to assess the iodine status of lactating  mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the  iodine  status  of  their  breast-fed  infants.  The  study  was  carried  out  in  the  department  of  Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of  Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers  and  their  exclusively  breast-fed  infants.  Early  morning  urine  and  breast  milk  samples  were  collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine  excretion (UIE) was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. The median (range) urinary  iodine  concentration  of  lactating  mothers  and  their  breast-fed  infants  were  225.3  ?g/L  (61.5-530.0)  and  225.8?g/L  (100.5-526.0),  respectively.  Of  the  mothers,  96%  (48)  had  no  biochemical  iodine  deficiency  (UIE  ?100?g/L),  only  4%  (2)  had  mild  biochemical  iodine  deficiency  (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine  deficiency  of breast-fed infants.  The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of  recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was  positively  correlated  with  their  UIE  (p  <  0.01).  Infant’s  urinary  iodine was positively  correlated  with  iodine  concentration  in  breast  milk  (p  <  0.01)  and  also  positively  correlated  with  urinary  iodine of lactating mothers (p < 0.01). Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study  were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the  iodine status of their mothers.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 13-17

scholarly journals Maternal Iodine Status Reflects the Iodine Status of their Breast-Fed Infants

Pulse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
GM Molla ◽  
FH Mollah ◽  
MT Milky ◽  
DK Sunyal ◽  
A Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Bangladesh is an iodine deficient region and the government of Bangladesh, with assistance of UNICEF had initiated a universal salt iodinization program to provide iodized salt by the middle of 1994. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infant’s health. Objectives: To assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants. Material and methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic containers free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as an indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) 12 version software package for windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75?g/L (100.50-526.00). 96% (48) mothers had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (P<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (P<0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the iodine status of their mothers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20283 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.6-11

scholarly journals Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is a More Accurate Biomarker of Iodine Status Than Urinary Iodine Concentration in Exclusively Breastfeeding Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Dold ◽  
Michael B Zimmermann ◽  
Abdelmounaim Aboussad ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
Qingzhen Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Breast Milk Iodine Concentration

Intra-individual and inter-individual variations in iodine intake and excretion in adult women: implications for sampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Shu Gao ◽  
Wenxing Guo ◽  
Long Tan ◽  
Ziyun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Iodine Excretion

AbstractIodine intake and excretion vary widely; however, these variations remain a large source of geometric uncertainty. The present study aims to analyse variations in iodine intake and excretion and provide implications for sampling in studies of individuals or populations. Twenty-four healthy women volunteers were recruited for a 12-d sampling period during the 4-week experiment. The duplicate-portion technique was used to measure iodine intake, while 24-h urine was collected to estimate iodine excretion. The mean intra-individual variations in iodine intake, 24-h UIE (24-h urinary iodine excretion) and 24-h UIC (24-h urinary iodine concentration) were 63, 48 and 55 %, respectively, while the inter-individual variations for these parameters were 14, 24 and 32 %, respectively. For 95 % confidence, approximately 500 diet samples or 24-h urine samples should be taken from an individual to estimate their iodine intake or iodine status at a precision range of ±5%. Obtaining a precision range of ±5% in a population would require twenty-five diet samples or 150 24-h urine samples. The intra-individual variations in iodine intake and excretion were higher than the inter-individual variations, which indicates the need for more samples in a study on individual participants.

Current iodine status in Japan: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of schoolchildren, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yozen Fuse ◽  
Yoshiya Ito ◽  
Yoshimasa Shishiba ◽  
Minoru Irie
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Cr Concentration

Abstract Context Japan has been regarded as a long-standing iodine sufficient country without iodine fortification; however, data on nationwide iodine status is lacking. Objective This study aimed to characterize the iodine status in Japan. Methods From 2014 through 2019 a nationwide school-based survey was conducted across all districts in Japan. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), creatinine (Cr) concentration and anthropometry were assessed in healthy school-aged children (SAC) aged 6 to 12 years. Their iodine status is regarded as generally representative of the nation's iodine status. Results A total of 32,025 children participated. The overall median UIC was 269 μg/L which was within the WHO’s adequacy range. There was a regional difference in UIC values within 14 regions, and the lowest and highest median UIC were found in Tanegashima Island (209 μg/L) and Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido (1,071 μg/L), respectively. The median UIC ≥ 300 μg/L was observed in 12 out of 46 regions. By using estimated 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE), the prevalence of SAC exceeding the upper tolerable limit of iodine for Japanese children was from 5.2 to 13.7%. The UIC values did not change with age, BSA and BMI percentile, while the Cr concentration simultaneously increased suggesting the effect of urinary creatinine on UI/Cr and estimated 24-h UIE values. Conclusions The iodine intake of Japanese people is adequate, but in some areas it is excessive. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid disorders associated with iodine intake should be obtained especially in the areas where high amounts of iodine are consumed.

scholarly journals Current trends of 24-h urinary iodine excretion in German schoolchildren and the importance of iodised salt in processed foods

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone A. Johner ◽  
Anke L. B. Günther ◽  
Thomas Remer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodised Salt ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Worldwide, the iodisation of salt has clearly improved iodine status. In industrialised countries, iodised salt added to processed food contributes most to iodine supply. Yet it is unclear as to what extent changes in the latter may affect the iodine status of populations. Between 2004 and 2009, 24-h urinary iodine excretions (UIE) were repeatedly measured in 278 German children (6 to 12 years old) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study (n707). Na excretion measurements and simultaneously collected 3-d weighed dietary records provided data on intakes of the most important dietary sources of iodine in the children's diet. Actual trends of UIE (2004–9) and contributions of relevant food groups were analysed by mixed linear regression models. Longitudinal regression analysis showed a plateau of UIE in 2004–6; afterwards, UIE significantly decreased till 2009 (P = 0·01; median 24-h UIE in 2004–6: 85·6 μg/d; 2009: 80·4 μg/d). Median urinary iodine concentration fell below the WHO criteria for iodine sufficiency of 100 μg/l in 2007–9. Salt, milk, fish and egg intake (g/d) were significant predictors of UIE (P < 0·005); and the main sources of iodine were salt and milk (48 and 38 %, respectively). The present data hint at a beginning deterioration in the iodine status of German schoolchildren. A decreased use of iodised salt in industrially produced foods may be one possible reason for this development. Because of the generally known risks for cognitive impairment due to even mild iodine deficits in children, a more widespread use of iodised salt, especially in industrially processed foods, has to be promoted.

High Urinary Iodine Concentration Among Breastfed Infants and the Factors Associated with Iodine Content in Breast Milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oraporn Dumrongwongsiri ◽  
Suthida Chatvutinun ◽  
Phanphen Phoonlabdacha ◽  
Areeporn Sangcakul ◽  
La-or Chailurkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfed Infants

scholarly journals Iodine nutrition in pregnancy and lactation in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1596-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

AbstractObjective: To describe studies evaluating urinary iodine excretion during pregnancy and lactation in women living in cities with adequate or more than adequate iodine intake.Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between 1996 and 1998 in pregnant women and a study of lactating women conducted in 2003.Settings and Subjects: Pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in four cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid volume was measured in 403 women. In a second study, 100 lactating women from Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan, Iran were evaluated for thyroid size, and both urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations were determined.Results: In Rasht city, 84% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration of ≥ 200 μg l-1, while in the other cities this percentage ranged from 45 to 55%. When data were combined for the cities of Ilam, Isfahan and Tehran, where women have an adequate or more than adequate median urinary iodine concentration, 51% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration less than that recommended during pregnancy. In Rasht, where the median urinary iodine concentration indicates an excessive iodine intake, 15.4% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration < 200 μg l-1. The mean urinary iodine concentration in lactating women was 250 μg l-1, and 16% of women had a urinary iodine concentration < 100 μg l-1. Grade 1 goitre was present in 8% of lactating women, and another 8% had grade 2 goitre.Conclusions: Findings of this study call for further attention to iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.

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