scholarly journals National Guideline of Rabies Prophylaxis-2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Mohammad Robed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
And Control

Background: Rabies has been the subject of fear ever since the disease was recognized. Worldwide the number of deaths annually, due to rabies, is estimated to be between 35,000 to 50,000 approximately Rabies continues to be a major public health problem in Bangladesh killing an estimated 2000 people annually and 100,000 people receive post-exposure treatment in the country. In this regard the post-exposure treatment of animal bite cases is of prime importance. Materials and Methods: Communicable disease control(CDC) of, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) took the noble initiative to establish the national rabies elimination programme 2010 with an comprehensive approach of care for human and control of rabid animal.  An expert group meeting for strategic plan and finalizing the guidelines for prevention and control of rabies cases was held in 2010, under CDC of DGHS to bring out uniformity in post-exposure treatment practices. . The participants in the meeting included practitioners managing anti-rabies clinics, laboratory medicine practitioners, policy makers, public health experts from both public and private sector. The guideline, which emerged out of consensus of expert groups, is summarized in this paper. Results: Until recently the Nervous Tissue Vaccine (NTV) was the mainstay for post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. As per WHO recommendations, the production and use of this reactogenic vaccine should be gradually phased out from our country. Modern, safe and effective anti-rabies Cell Culture Vaccines (CCVs) will be used for post-exposure prophylaxis in public sectors. The limitation is the high cost of this vaccine and also the cost and unavailability of Anti Rabies Immunoglobulin. WHO recommended the use of intra-dermal (ID) route of application of CCVs. Considering the recommendations of experts, results of clinical trials and international experience, experts of Bangladesh recommends ID regimen phase wise. In first phase, only Dhaka Infectious Disease Hospital will serve as Anti-rabies centre for ID regimen. After its successful implementation, ID regimen will spread out to Division and then to District level hospitals. National experts suggested and recommended the use of cost-effective vaccination schedules such as abbreviated multisite IM Zagreb protocol (4 dose, 3 visits) and updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) intradermal regimen(2-2-2-0-2) to phase out NTV and to make available modern rabies vaccine in public sector. Conclusion: This guideline will be extremely useful for the country to make rational use of modern rabies vaccine and phase out NTV by 2011. The guideline will be of immense use for better management of animal bite cases and availability and affordability of modern rabies vaccine will be of great help for physician to manage appropriately for preventing  the deadly disease rabies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.7691 JOM 2011; 12(2): 153-159

scholarly journals Study on Fate of Rabies Patients following Canine Animal Bite or Scratch

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwarul Bari ◽  
TH Zohra Moon Moon ◽  
Zinat Begum ◽  
Md Asadul Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background & Objective: Rabies is major public health problem in Bangladesh, although little epidemiological information is available about the disease. The present study is, therefore, intended to assess the extent of animal bite and rabies, and the status of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from clinical records and registers of patients with animal bites and rabies cases attended at IDH between January 2010 to December 2012. All the rabies cases were diagnosed clinically and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Result: Of the 276 patients of rabies patients admitted in the Infectious Disease Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka during the period 2009 to 2013, about 39% were 10 or <10 years old and 26.4% more than 40 years old with mean age of the patients being 26 years (range: 2-90 years). Over three-quarters (76.1%) were male (3:1). Majority (80.1%) was rural resident. The injuries were primarily inflicted by bite (92%) and rarely by scratch (8%). About 96% had injury with bleeding. Dogs were the prime biting animal (88%) followed by cat (7.2%), jackal (2.9%), mongoose (1.4%) and others (0.4%). About three-quarters (74.6%) of the animals were stray animal, followed by rabid (mad) animal (18.1%), pet (4.3%) and others (2.9%). In most cases (82.6%) the biting animal could not be traced. Most of the patients received bite in lower limbs (76.4%), were multiple (70%) and were of category III (96%). Of the total cases, only 34(12.3%) received vaccine before admission at our hospital. Of them only 9(26.5%) completed the course schedule. Half of the patients received vaccine from the pharmacy and 38.3% from Institute of Public Health (IPH). However, over 60% of the patients were uncertain about their preservation status. More than 60% of patients took more than 40 days to develop rabies following bite, 27.5% 20 - 40 days and 10.9% < 20 days. The mean interval was 72.8 days (range 10 days to 3 years). Conclusion: Rabies is usually a disease of children, male and rural resident primarily caused by bite of stray dogs. The post-exposure prophylaxis is at its worst with majority does not receive vaccine. Protection by rabies immunoglobulin is even rare. None of the patients survived of the disease. Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2013; 3(1&2): 32-38

Antibody persistence, 32 years after post-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 3742-3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fayaz ◽  
Susan Simani ◽  
Alireza Janani ◽  
Firouzeh Farahtaj ◽  
Peyvand Biglari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Cell ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Human Diploid Cell ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

A randomized non-inferiority clinical study to assess post-exposure prophylaxis by a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax-S) administered by intramuscular and intradermal routes

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (40) ◽  
pp. 4820-4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Bose ◽  
Renuka Munshi ◽  
Radha Madhab Tripathy ◽  
Shampur N. Madhusudana ◽  
B.R. Harish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pattern and Outcome of Dog Bite Injuries among Children-a Study in 200 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Waliur Rahman ◽  
◽  
Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽  
Samir Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md Joynal Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Bite Injuries

Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in Bangladesh and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. Objectives: To determine the pattern of dog bite injuries and associated health problems among children. Methods: The study was an observational retrospective study carried out at the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study reviewed the clinical data of patients managed for dog bite related injuries and rabies over a four and half year period between January 2016 and June 2020. A proforma was designed to extract relevant clinical data from the case records. Information extracted included the age, sex of the victims, site of the bite, time of presentation in the hospital, pre-hospital treatment, hospital treatment including post-exposure prophylaxis and complication. Results: In all, 200 cases of dog bite injuries were managed constituting 0.89% of the total consultations; 5 (2.5%) had rabies. Most of the victims were aged 6-12 years (55.0%) and majority (67.0%) was boys. Eighty two percent of the victims presented within 24hrs of the injury. 92 (46.0%) had WHO grade 3 dog bite injury at presentation and the lower limb was the commonest (56.0%) bite site. Use of herbal preparation was the most common pre-hospital treatment 60%. Although 95.0% received anti-rabies vaccine, only 55.5% of them completed the vaccination schedule. The case fatality rate for dog bite was 5.0%. The 5 that died all presented late, had no post exposure prophylaxis and died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: There is need for public enlightenment on dangers associated with dog bites and also for the government to ensure vaccination for cost of post exposure prophylaxis treatment for children free of cost

scholarly journals Human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis relative to the disease epidemiological status

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca Martins da Costa Andrade ◽  
Taísa Santos de Melo Andrade ◽  
Luzia Helena Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Technical Manual ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Main City ◽  
Technical Recommendations

Abstract This study evaluated the prophylactic measures adopted after attacks by dogs and cats in the main city of Northwester São Paulo State, based on the technical manual for post-exposure treatment, considering the not controlled (1990-1996) and controlled (1997-2010) rabies status. A retrospective analysis was done using the data from the SINAN records (W64-CID10) between 1990 and 2010. In most cases, the accidents were mild (76.9%), and biting animals were healthy (75.4%); therefore, no treatment was needed in 53.3% of the cases. In 64.6% of cases, the prescribed PEP treatment was inappropriate. The most indicated PEP treatments consisted of vaccine and RIG (43.4%), and either three doses of mouse brain vaccine or two doses of cell culture vaccine (76.5%), during the not controlled and controlled rabies periods, respectively. The treatment was more appropriate and followed the technical recommendations during controlled rabies periods compared to not controlled (p < 0.0001) periods. However, excessive application of RIG and rabies vaccine was observed in both periods.

scholarly journals Adverse reactions associated with a Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine: a quasi-experimental study

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosuita Fratari Bonito ◽  
Neide Mattar de Oliveira ◽  
Sérgio de Andrade Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine has been used in South America for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. To determine the frequency of adverse reactions associated with this vaccine compared to a control group a quasi-experimental study was carried out in Uberlândia, Brazil, from May 1997 to April 1998. Victims of bites or other injuries by dogs or other mammals and who received or not post-exposure prophylaxis with Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine were compared as to the occurrence of a list of signs and symptoms. Out of 2,440 victims of bites and other injuries from dogs and other mammals 2,114 participated in the study; 1,004 of them provided follow-up information within 10 to 15 days. Headache and pain at the injection sites were the most commonly found symptoms (125/1,000). No neuroparalytic event was detected. Patients who were given Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine and those who were not had similar incidences of symptoms (risk ratios close to 1). Regarding the occurrence of adverse reactions, Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine is a valid alternative for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.

AN ECONOMICAL REGIMEN OF HUMAN DIPLOID CELL STRAIN ANTI-RABIES VACCINE FOR POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS

The Lancet ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 322 (8345) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Warrell ◽  
Pravan Suntharasamai ◽  
Abha Sinhaseni ◽  
Rod Phanfung ◽  
J-C. Vincent-Falquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Cell ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Cell Strain ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Human Diploid Cell ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Human Diploid Cell Strain ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis
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