scholarly journals Importance of gamma radiation using sodium pertecnetate (TC 99m) and iodine 131 as a suggestion in the treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e6610111343
Author(s):  
Felicson Leonardo Oliveira Lima ◽  
Kathllyn Joyce de Jesus Oliveira ◽  
Daniela de Andrade Silva Max ◽  
Ricardo Chequer Chemas ◽  
Ezequiel de Arimateia Nascimento Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Final Consideration ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Administration Protocol

Objective: to point out the importance of nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19, in addition to reporting the efficacy of treatment with radioisotopes (sodium pertechnetate and iodine 131) in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 causing viral sterility and preventing its mutagenesis and ensuring the absence of adverse reactions. Methodology: This is a review of the narrative-type literature, prepared between June and September 2020, using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs. Thus, there was the inclusion of articles published between 1971 and 2020. Results and Discussion: The use of gamma and neutron radiation for the purpose of eliminating viral pathogens has been extensively researched in American studies, initially focusing on H1N1. The substance of Sodium Pertecnate, suggested in this study, and iodo 131 (designed to act as prevention in the cervical region) have the potential for satisfactory responses in the therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 due to the innocuous, painless and free of any effect methodology therefore, offering greater security to the treatment. Inferring in the replication of the coronavirus through the electrolysis of its fatty structure, since with the sterilization of its RNA molecule there will be no replication. Final Consideration: Based on the effectiveness of this method in sterilization protocols and action on various types of microorganisms, especially other viruses that affect the respiratory system, it is suggested as a safe, low-cost and low-dose radioactivity method for the patient, when used doses similar to those of the diagnostic and therapeutic practice in Nuclear Medicine. It should be noted that the administration protocol must be in accordance with the standard already recommended clinically, with full guarantee of the absence of associated effects. For better clarification, there is a need for more specific research within the scope of SARS-CoV-2.

Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceutical agents: The medical use of radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy for hyperthyroidism treatments.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnae WATLA ◽  
Mohamed LAHKIM ◽  
Mohamed Amine CHAD
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Radiopharmaceutical Agents

The treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131 has been recognized on nuclear medicine as simple, effective and inexpensive, this kind of radiopharmaceutical is chosen by the majority of medical centers by administering a minimum effective dose enabling euthyroidism to be easily compensated as quickly as possible while avoiding radiation problems. In this mini_review, we are going to explain the diagnostic and therapeutic aspect of radiopharmaceuticals by taking an example of radioiodine I-131 and its role on hyperthyroidism treatment .

scholarly journals Sodium Iodide: an Alternative Treatment Option for Feline Sporotrichosis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Beatriz Wanderosck Carvalho ◽  
Sandro Antonio Pereira ◽  
Anna Barretos Fernandes Figueiredo ◽  
Luisa Helena Monteiro De Miranda ◽  
Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Nasal Region

Background: Sporotrichosis is caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The clinically relevant species are S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. brasiliensis. In Brazil, S. brasiliensis is the most prevalent etiological agent among humans and cats. In cats with sporotrichosis, skin lesions are mainly characterized by nodules and ulcers, usually located in the head, nasal region and limbs. The presence of respiratory signs concomitantly with cutaneous lesions is frequent, especially sneezing, and may be associated with lesions located in the nasal mucosa. Ketoconazole (KTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), potassium iodide (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), terbinafine (TRB), fluconazole (FLZ) and amphotericin B (AMB) are the drugs currently available for treating feline sporotrichosis. ITZ remains the drug of choice. ITZ combined with KI has been successfully used in the treatment of naïve cats (especially cases with lesions in the nasal region), cases of recurrence and refractory to ITZ. Clinical cure with NaI has been described in some cases, but its use has been limited by adverse reactions. The conventional formulation is the saturated solution and the recommended dose in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis is 10 mg/kg every 12 h. Cats are sensitive to iodide preparations and should be carefully monitored for clinical evidence of iodism, such as apathy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, hyperthermia, cardiomyopathy, hyperexcitability, muscular spasms and ptyalism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic response of NaI capsules in feline sporotrichosis.Materials, Methods & Results: An observational cohort study was conducted in cats with sporotrichosis at the Laboratory of Clinical Research in Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals (Lapclin-Dermzoo), Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Twenty-eight cats with sporotrichosis confirmed by isolation of Sporothrix spp. in culture, no previous systemic antifungal therapy, and weight above 3.0 kg, were included in the study. The treatment consisted of NaI oral capsules (5 mg/kg/once daily). In cats without clinical improvement after one month of treatment, the dose was increased (10 mg/kg/once daily). The cats were followed up monthly by clinical examination, complete blood count and biochemical analysis (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase - ALT, aspartate aminotransferase - AST, alkaline phosphatase - FA). All procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (CEUA/Fiocruz), number LW 56/13, and the informed consent term was obtained from all tutors. Clinical cure was achieved in six (21.4%) cases and treatment failure was observed in 13 (46.4%) animals. Seven (25%) cats were lost during follow up, and unknown causes of death occurred in two cases (7.1%). Ten animals (35.7%) presented clinical adverse reactions at some point during treatment. Hyporexia and weight loss were the most frequent ones. Three cats presented alteration in renal function.Discussion: Treatment of feline sporotrichosis in epizootic areas has been a challenge for veterinarians and tutors. Additionally, there are few studies evaluating treatment regimens for this mycosis in animals. In this study, NaI was compounded in capsules, because it is easier to administer when compared to the solution, as previously described for KI. Despite the low cost and the convenient administration of the capsule, NaI presented a low cure rate with the dose used. The study of new pharmaceutical forms and lower doses of low-cost drugs is necessary in a scenario of epizootic sporotrichosis, where investments for the development of new antifungal agents are scarce.

scholarly journals Self-Driven Pretreatment and Room-Temperature Storage of Water Samples for Virus Detection Using Enhanced Porous Superabsorbent Polymer (PSAP) Beads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensi Chen ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Zeou Dou ◽  
Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant

Abstract The continuous emergence of infectious viral diseases has become a major threat to public health. To quantify viruses, proper handling of water samples is required to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the testing results. In this study, we develop enhanced porous superabsorbent polymer (PSAP) beads to pretreat and store water samples for virus detection. By applying PSAP beads to collect water samples, the viruses are captured and encapsulated inside the beads while undesired components are excluded. We have successfully demonstrated that the shelf life of the model virus can be effectively extended at room temperature (22°C) and elevated temperature (35°C). Both the infectivity level and genome abundance of the viruses are protected even in a complex medium like untreated wastewater. Under the tested conditions, the viral degradation rate constant can be reduced to more than 10 times using the PSAP beads. Therefore, the enhanced PSAP beads provide a low-cost and efficient sample pretreatment and storage method that is feasible and practicable for large-scale surveillance of viral pathogens in water samples.

scholarly journals Immobilized cellulose nanospheres in lateral flow immunoassay enable rapid nucleocapsid antigen-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from salivary samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Solin ◽  
Marco Beaumont ◽  
Maryam Borghei ◽  
Hannes Orelma ◽  
Pascal Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Antigen Testing ◽  
Oppositely Charged

Rapid and efficient diagnostic systems are essential in controlling the spread of viral pathogens and efficient patient management. The available technologies for low-cost viral antigen testing have several limitations, including lack of accuracy and sensitivity. Here, we develop sensitive antigen tests based on recently introduced, oppositely charged cellulose II nanoparticles (NPan and NPcat) that are effective in controlling surface protein interactions. Passivation against non-specific adsorption and augmented immobilization of sensing antibodies are achieved by adjusting the electrostatic charge of the nanoparticles. The interactions affecting the performance of the system are investigated by microgravimetry and confocal imaging. We further demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid rapid sensing by saliva-wicking channels stencil-printed on flexible paper supports. Therein, NPcat inkjet printed on the channels elicit distinctive optical signals, visible after only a few minutes, allowing faster diagnosis compared to current microfluidic devices designed for saliva sampling.

scholarly journals Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Peuli Nath ◽  
Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Somaiyeh Khoubafarin Doust ◽  
Zachary Joseph Kreais ◽  
Aniruddha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Significant Effort

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted via air, water, body fluids, etc. Throughout human civilization, there have been several pandemic outbreaks, such as the Plague, Spanish Flu, Swine-Flu, and, recently, COVID-19, amongst many others. Early diagnosis not only increases the chance of quick recovery but also helps prevent the spread of infections. Conventional diagnostic techniques can provide reliable results but have several drawbacks, including costly devices, lengthy wait time, and requirement of trained professionals to operate the devices, making them inaccessible in low-resource settings. Thus, a significant effort has been directed towards point-of-care (POC) devices that enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections. A majority of the POC devices are based on plasmonics and/or microfluidics-based platforms integrated with mobile readers and imaging systems. These techniques have been shown to provide rapid, sensitive detection of pathogens. The advantages of POC devices include low-cost, rapid results, and portability, which enables on-site testing anywhere across the globe. Here we aim to review the recent advances in novel POC technologies in detecting bacteria and viruses that led to a breakthrough in the modern healthcare industry.

Choosing the Right Test (Influenza) Versus Respiratory Viral Panel With Faster Turnaround Time and Cost Savings

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S142-S143
Author(s):  
Bo Lin ◽  
Manan Christian ◽  
Margarita Kogan ◽  
Alejandro Zuretti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Respiratory infections are very common in hospital patients. Viral pathogens including influenza (Flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are frequent causes. Respiratory viral panels (RVPs) have been routinely ordered in our institution with a turnaround time (TAT) of 48 hours at a cost of approximately $170/test. Meanwhile, Flu and RSV PCR are offered in house with a TAT of only 40 minutes and much lower cost ($40/test) than RVP. Here, we examined the optimization of use of these tests in our medical center. Methods Results of the specimens sent for RVP testing as well as their results from Flu/RSV PCR and the negative result rate were reviewed. The TAT and costs were compared between RVP and Flu/RSV PCR. Results We reviewed 69 specimens from MICU sent for RVP during 10/1/2018 to 1/31/2019. Total negative specimen rate was 74%. The specimens identified positive for Flu or RSV by RVP were also positive for in-house Flu/RSV PCR. Therefore, we have recommended clinicians to order in-house highly sensitive and specific Flu/RSV PCR first for faster TAT and cost saving. Since the recommendation, the number of RVP orders has dropped from 660 (January 2018) to 131 (January 2019), with savings of more than $80,000 in 1 month. Conclusion In-house Flu/RSV PCR test is highly sensitive and specific for identifying the common viral pathogens in patients with respiratory infection. It is fast and relatively low cost compared to RVP and should be considered as an effective first-line test.

scholarly journals Rhenium-188 Production in Hospitals, by W-188/Re-188 Generator, for Easy Use in Radionuclide Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Argyrou ◽  
Alexia Valassi ◽  
Maria Andreou ◽  
Maria Lyra
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Absorbed Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Penetration

Rhenium-188 (Re-188) is a high energy -emitting radioisotope obtained from the tungsten-188/rhenium-188 (W-188/Re-188) generator, which has shown utility for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, oncology, and interventional radiology/cardiology. Re-188 decay is accompanied by a 155 keV predominant energy -emission, which could be detected by -cameras, for imaging, biodistribution, or absorbed radiation dose studies. Its attractive physical properties and its potential low cost associated with a long-lived parent make it an interesting option for clinical use. The setup and daily use of W-188/Re-188 generator in hospital nuclear medicine departments are discussed in detail. The clinical efficacy, for several therapeutic applications, of a variety of Re-188-labeled agents is demonstrated. The high energy of the -emission of Re-188 is particularly well suited for effective penetration in solid tumours. Its total radiation dose delivered to tissues is comparable to other radionuclides used in therapy. Furthermore, radiation safety and shielding requirements are an important subject of matter. In the case of bone metastases treatment, therapeutic ratios are presented in order to describe the efficacy of Re-188 usage.

Improved follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dießl ◽  
F. Verburg ◽  
J. Biko ◽  
B. Schryen ◽  
C. Reiners ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Recombinant Human Thyrotropin

SummaryAim: Physicians typically are unaware of the radioiodine uptake (RIU) detection limit (LoD) on scintigrams of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. We evaluated a novel method to determine LoD as a quantitative upper limit for RIU in negative scans and as a value to contextualize faint visible uptake. Patients, methods: To test whether LoD is related to physicians’ ratings, RIU and LoD were calculated from scintigraphic count statistics for 120 static planar neck scans and were compared with the ratings of five nuclear medicine specialists blinded to patient/ scan characteristics regarding visible cervical uptake. Scans were acquired on days 1 (d1) and 2 (d2) post-administration of 298 ± 30 MBq iodine-131 in 60 consecutive DTC patients after recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) or thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) (n = 30 each). Results: Indicating good inter-observer agreement, ≥ 4 readers concurred regarding 56 (93.3%) [54 (90.0%)] d1[d2] scans. Seventeen scans from 12 patients received ≥ 3 positive votes; in 15 (88.2%), RIU exceeded LoD. RIU assessed from regions-of-interest over former thyroid beds in scans with ≤ 2 positive votes was typically below the LoD (99/103 scans, 96.1%). In 48 patients with ≤ 2 positive votes in both scans, LoD was a median 0.0094% (0.0050%) in d1(d2) images and was significantly lower (p < 0.01) on early or late scans in 22 euthyroid rhTSH patients versus 26 hypo thyroid THW patients. Conclusion: LoD data obtained by the proposed method closely reflect nuclear medicine specialists’ scan ratings and provide comparators in serial scintigrams, improving diagnostic 131I imaging accuracy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

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