scholarly journals Disposal of pharmaceuticals wastes by the population of an outcrop area of the Guarani Aquifer System in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e214101119021
Author(s):  
Ediolane Hilbert Brati ◽  
Tássio Dresch Rech ◽  
Lenita Agostinetto ◽  
Ana Emilia Siegloch
Keyword(s):  
Underground Water ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Medication Waste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Waste ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Guarani Aquifer

Pharmaceutical waste is considered emerging pollutant that can contaminate water sources and underground water, besides is serious problem for waste management in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmaceutical consumption for human use and the way expired and unused medicines are disposed by the population. The study was carried out in two neighborhoods of the Lages, under outcrop of the Guarani Aquifer, in southern Brazil. In this descriptive and quantitative study, data collection occurred between August and October of 2018 via a questionnaire completed by 309 participants. The questions addressed about sociodemographic data, information on the medicine consumption, disposal of pharmaceuticals residue and about the basic sanitation in the neighborhood. The pharmaceuticals class most used were anti-hypertension and diuretics, indicating an elevated occurrence of non-transmittable chronic illnesses. About 68% of participants stated that there are leftovers of medications after medical treatment and 70.2% that there is expired medication at household. The disposal of leftover and expired pharmaceutical was in domestic waste, followed by discharged into domestic sewage. Only a small percentage (<15%) of the participants adequately dispose of their medication waste. The inadequate disposal of household pharmaceutical in the study area can result in contamination by chemical substances of the Guarani Aquifer and superficial waters.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical modeling of fluoride contents in groundwater in outcrop area of Guarani Aquifer System, southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Thiago Boeno Patricio Luiz ◽  
José Luiz Silvério da Silva ◽  
Leônidas Luiz Volcato Descovi Filho
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Mineral Equilibrium ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Definition Of

Groundwater quality problems with high fluoride contents were studied in an outcrop area on a portion of Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The methodology was based on the evaluation of tectonic structures lineaments and geochemical modeling of 13 groundwater physical-chemical data with anomalies of fluoride from tube wells. The lineaments trace and speciation code PHREEQC 3.3.5 used suggest the occurrence of distinct mineralogical contributions, in which the precipitation of carbonate minerals from the mineral structure of the GAS sandstone and cation exchange play a fundamental role in the hydrogeochemistry of fluoride. The results were analyzed by the main transects, which allowed the definition of characteristics of mineral dissolution and precipitation in the environment. The halite and sylvite showed dissolution tendencies along the traced transects, towards the mineral equilibrium. The fluorite mineral presented undersaturation with tendencies to mineral equilibrium and, possibly, precipitation in the most salinized waters. The applied methodology allowed the extraction of information for a better understanding of the hydrogeochemical dynamics of salinized waters and their water/rock interactions in outcrop area of the GAS, constituting a material to support the research of anomalous fluoride concentrations in groundwater and the practices of management of this important aquifer system.

Hydrogeochemistry and statistical analysis applied to understand fluoride provenance in the Guarani Aquifer System, Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula C. Marimon ◽  
Ari Roisenberg ◽  
Alexandra V. Suhogusoff ◽  
Antonio Pedro Viero
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
Fluoride Provenance

Economic assessment of the desalination of the Guarani Aquifer System by reverse osmosis to produce potable water in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (42) ◽  
pp. 19690-19701
Author(s):  
Vandré Barbosa Brião ◽  
Adalberto Pandolfo ◽  
Edesnei Barbosa Brião ◽  
Danúbia Paula Cadore Favaretto
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Guarani Aquifer

The Guarani Aquifer Accord

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Catherine Tinker
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Reasonable Use

The Guarani Aquifer Accord of 2010 represents a plan for the multiple, sustainable, equitable and reasonable use of the water of the Guarani Aquifer System and a pledge to prevent significant harm to this vast natural resource in South America. Based on good science and good international law, this regional agreement was reached by Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, acknowledging the environmental, economic and geopolitical importance of the underground water linking the four states known as the “Guarani Aquifer System.” The Guarani Aquifer Accord (“Acordo sobre o Aquífero Guarani” or “Acuerdo Aquífero Guarani”) is the first regional treaty to be modeled after the International Law Commission Draft Articles on Transboundary Aquifers of 2008, which address “confined” aquifers that are outside the scope of the United Nations Watercourses Convention of 1997. This article explores the Guarani Aquifer Accord’s provisions for exchanges of scientific and technical information, notification and consultation, direct negotiations, referral to a joint commission to be created once the Accord enters into force for evaluation and recommendations in case of a dispute, and the option of a subsequent arbitration protocol to be negotiated in future. Taken together, procedural requirements and the provisions in the Accord in favor of diplomatic and political resolution of future disputes over the use and protection of the water may forestall the need to resort to litigation in international courts or tribunals. This article concludes that, even absent an additional protocol for arbitration of disputes and absent the establishment of a joint commission to facilitate information exchange, convene regular meetings and build trust as contained in the agreement, the Guarani Aquifer Accord provides a framework for regional cooperation designed to avoid or resolve conflicts.

Evaluation of the potential impact of fluorine-rich fertilizers on the Guarani Aquifer System, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Casagrande Marimon ◽  
Ari Roisenberg ◽  
Antonio Pedro Viero ◽  
Flávio Anastacio de Oliveira Camargo ◽  
Alexandra Vieira Suhogusoff
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
Potential Impact

Reverse osmosis for desalination of water from the Guarani Aquifer System to produce drinking water in southern Brazil

Desalination ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandré Barbosa Brião ◽  
Jonas Magoga ◽  
Marcelo Hemkemeier ◽  
Edesnei Barbosa Brião ◽  
Laisa Girardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Guarani Aquifer

scholarly journals National Sovereignty Versus Transboundary Water Cooperation: Can You See International Law Reflected in the Water?

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Francesco Sindico
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Water Cooperation ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
International Water Law ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Transboundary Water Cooperation

Could Turkey dam the Tigris and Euphrates and deprive its downstream neighbors of vital water resources? Could Brazil over-pump the Guarani Aquifer System to the detriment of the other aquifer states? Could Egypt put pressure on upstream Nile states and prevent them from developing river related infrastructure that might limit downstream flow? International law in the field of transboundary water cooperation has evolved and would appear to condemn unilateral practices such as the ones suggested above. However, hydro politics and the lack of reception of international water law instruments by many countries sometimes make it difficult to see international law properly reflected in the management of major rivers, lakes and aquifers around the world. In this essay, I first highlight what international law dictates when it comes to the tension between national sovereignty and transboundary water cooperation. I then explore how this tension plays out in the three examples noted above. Due to limited acceptance of the existing international, bilateral, or regional legal instruments, the resolution of the tension between national sovereignty and transboundary water cooperation will often be left to customary international law.

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