scholarly journals Elongated styloid process in a dry human skull and its relation to the Eagle’s Syndrome: case report and biometrical assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e961998374
Author(s):  
Jaiurte Gomes Martins da Silva ◽  
Glícia Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Ewerton Fylipe de Araújo Silva ◽  
Adriane Barbosa Fernandes Silva ◽  
Edla Vitória Santos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Female Individual ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the present study was to report a case of an elongated styloid process in a dry human skull and present its biometrical values. The styloid processes of the skull from an 80-year-old Brazilian female individual were inspected and 10 measures were performed bilaterally. Despite small differences between the right and left styloid processes regarding the antero-posterior and lateral-medial widths on the three thirds measured, one must highlight the considerable differences showed on the total length of the styloid process (left side: 65.94; right side: 28.90) and on the length of the sheath of the styloid process, which was of 30.01mm on the left side and it was not acquired on the right side because of its small dimensions.  The paper discusses its findings from an anatomical and clinical perspectives, providing anatomical basis for a better understanding of the Eagle’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Sérgio Guimarães ◽  
Daniel Humberto Pozza ◽  
Idercy Cabral de Castro ◽  
Iván Claudio Suazo Galdames ◽  
Sandro Palla
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stylohyoid Chain

ABSTRACT Aim To report on a patient with Eagle's syndrome with a complete and very large ossification of the stylohyoid complex on the right side that to our best knowledge has never been published previously. Background Eagle's syndrome is characterized by a set of symptoms that are caused by the irritation of the neurovascular and soft-tissues caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of stylohyoid ligament. Case description Because of the high discomfort and pain degree as well as limitations of mandibular and head mobility and also the thickness of the ossified stylohyoid chain, the patient was treated surgically by removing the hypertrophic segment. Conclusion These symptoms subsided completely after the surgical excision of the anomaly. The elongated styloid process on the left side was symptom free. Clinical significance Eagle's syndrome symptoms are not specific and can mimic those of other disorders, the syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with pain in the orofacial, pharyngeal and cervical area. How to cite this article Guimarães AS, Pozza DH, de Castro IC, Galdames ICS, Palla S. Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):500-505.

Incidence of the Type and Calcification Patterns in Patients with Elongated Styloid Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ilgüy ◽  
D Ilgüy ◽  
N Güler ◽  
G Bayirli
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Type I ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

We investigated the incidence of elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome) using panoramic radiographs taken of 860 patients referred to our clinic. Any styloid process identified was classified according to its length, type and the pattern of calcification. Fifty-nine elongated styloid processes were identified in 32 patients (3.7%), most being bilateral; 24 patients were female and eight were male (female/male ratio: 3:1). The mean age of these patients was 43 ± 14 years (range: 18 − 78 years). Type I (elongated) was the most frequent type on both sides (42/59); and the most frequent patterns of calcification were partially calcified on the left side (18/59) and completely calcified on the right side (16/59). Only two patients were symptomatic. A corrected differential diagnosis is important to distinguish elongated styloid process from other pathologies with partially overlapping symptoms. We would recommend that clinicians consider the possibility of Eagle's syndrome when both the clinical and radiographic evidence support this diagnosis.

scholarly journals Endoscopic transoral resection of an elongated styloid process: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Shilpa H. ◽  
Amrita Suzanne Mathew ◽  
Sandhya Hemraj ◽  
Aishwarya Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament ◽  
Transoral Resection

<p>Eagle’s syndrome is an aggregate of craniocervicofacial symptoms due to an elongated styloid process/calcified stylohyoid ligament. Adequate history, clinical and radiological examination, and sound knowledge of mimicking pathology can help in its diagnosis. Computerised tomography (CT) with 3D reconstruction is the most accurate investigation currently available. Treatment can be either surgical or non-surgical. Surgical excision of the abnormally elongated styloid process is preferred. Extraoral and intraoral approaches are available, each with their inherent advantages/disadvantages. Endoscope-assisted transoral resection resolves the disadvantages associated with the latter, representing a favourable advancement. We report a case who presented with craniocervicofacial pain, diagnosed clinically and on 3D-CT with Eagle’s Syndrome, and treated successfully by endoscope-assisted transoral resection.</p>

scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report of a Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process

Cureus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Warrier S ◽  
Nanthini KC ◽  
Subadra K ◽  
Dhivya M Harini
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process

Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process: A case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Maria Priscilla David ◽  
V.A Usha ◽  
G.P Mamatha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Surgical Reduction ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Abstract Eagle's syndrome is not an uncommon condition, but it is less known to Physicians where an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament compresses the adjacent anatomical structures leading to orofacial pain. Pain often gets relieved by surgical reduction of styloid process. Recently depending on the calcification it has been classified as three types. A case of Eagle's syndrome is reported here. How to cite this article Usha VA, Mamatha GP, Maria PD. Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process. A case report. CODS J Dent 2014;6;61-63

scholarly journals Clinicoradiologic Evaluation of Eagle’s Syndrome and its Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pokharel ◽  
S Karki ◽  
I Shrestha ◽  
BL Shrestha ◽  
K Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
History Taking ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
3D Ct Scan ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Eagle’s syndrome (Elongated styloid process) is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities.Objective To assess the length and medial angulation of elongated styloid process with the help of three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scan and to describe our clinical and surgical experience with patients suffering from Eagle’s syndrome.Method Prospective, analytical study conducted from August 2011 to August 2012 among 39 patients with Eagle’s syndrome. Detailed history taking, clinical examination and 3D CT scan was performed. Length and medial angulation was calculated. Patients with styloid process length longer than 2.50 cm underwent surgical excision via intraoral approach. Medial angulation of styloid process on both sides was correlated with each other using rank correlation coefficient. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was applied to test significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative symptoms scores.Result Significant positive correlation was found between the medial angulation of styloid process on right side and left side (? =0.81, p<0.001). Significant difference was also observed between pre and post-operative symptoms scores (z=-5.16, p<0.001) .Conclusion Possibility of Eagle’s syndrome should always be considered while examining patients with vague neck pain. 3D CT reconstruction is a gold standard investigation which helps in studying the relation of styloid process with surrounding structures along with accurate measurement of its length and medial angulation.Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 11(4): 305-309

scholarly journals Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Machado de Andrade ◽  
Carolina Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Plauto C. Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Process Length

Knowledge of the Eagle's syndrome shows that its symptoms can be very easily confused with other types of craniomandibular disorders, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to find a possible correlation between the presence of TMD and elongation of the styloid process as well relate to presence of calcification of the stilohyoid chain. Fifty patients with TMD, confirmed from the RDC/TMD, were examined clinically and radiographically. Radiographic documentation consisted of digital panoramic radiograph and digital lateral cephalometric radiograph. Radiocef software (Radiomemory) was used for the analysis of radiographs by means of specific cephalometric tracing and linear measurements of the styloid process. Each radiograph was traced and measured three times with intervals of 1 month to spread the error. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's test (p=0.001) using Biostat 4.0 statistical software. Result showed an incidence of 76% elongation of the styloid process in the sample. There was a correlation between the bilateral measures taken in panoramic radiographs (?<0.001) and also for measures of styloid process length carried out in different panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs (?<0.001). It was concluded that there is prevalence of elongated styloid process in patients with TMD. However, no relationship was found between measurements on the stylohyoid chain and symptoms of headache, orofacial pain, tinnitus and vertigo.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of Eagle’s Syndrome through intraoral access: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cristhian Avelino Bezerra ◽  
Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão ◽  
Bruno Frota Amora Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Lemos Alves ◽  
Eliardo Silveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Review Study

The styloid process is a bone projection that originates in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. The enlongation of the styloid process, or the ossification of the styloid process, can originate a series of symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, otalgia, headache, tinnitus and trismus, establishing the clinical picture of Eagle Syndrome. In this report, we present an important clinical case of adult patient diagnosed with Eagle’s Syndrome who underwent surgery for reduction of the enlongated styloid process, by intraoral approach, added to a literature review study.

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