Comparison of maxillary sinus on radiograph among males and females

Background: An obstacle in forensic odontology is an incomplete body caused by post-mortem damage. The problem can be solved by using lateral cephalometric radiographs for victim identification. Sex determination can be performed on the maxillary sinus, which is the largest among the paranasal sinuses. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the maxillary sinuses’ width and height on lateral cephalometric radiographs among male and female subjects. Methods: The study samples were 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs (30 males and 30 females) between the ages of 20 and 40, with complete permanent dentition (or third molar absence). The height and the width of maxillary sinus measurement were performed using measurement tools of EzDent-i Vatech Software. Results: The average width of the maxillary sinus on males was 40.60 ± 1.56 mm, and the height was 35.02 ± 2.09 mm, while the width and the height on females were 36.93 ± 1.30 mm and 29.72 ± 1.76 mm, respectively. The independent t-test reveals a significant difference (p<0.05) between males and females, both in the maxillary sinus’s width and height on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. Conclusion: The maxillary sinus in males is larger than in females, it opening up possibilities for disaster victim identification.

Can anteroposterior skeletal pattern be determined from a silhouetted profile photograph? A cross-sectional study

Objective: To determine the degree to which the anteroposterior (AP) skeletal jaw relation can accurately be determined from a silhouetted clinical profile photograph and whether the level of agreement is influenced by patient vertical proportions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University Dental Hospital of Manchester, United Kingdom. Participants: Specialist orthodontists Method: Eight specialist orthodontists assessed 37 silhouetted profile photographs of individuals aged 11–19 years and determined the class and severity of AP skeletal pattern. These assessments were compared to corresponding lateral cephalometric radiographs, where ANB values, supplemented by an Eastman Correction and a Wits Appraisal, where appropriate, were used for sagittal skeletal classification. Results: The agreement between silhouette and cephalometric AP determination yielded a weighted kappa score of 0.207 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.135–0.278), which indicates only a fair level of agreement. The silhouetted sagittal skeletal pattern classification, along with severity, agreed with the lateral cephalometric radiograph in 29% of instances. Class III individuals were identified correctly 19.2% of the time. There was a statistically significant difference in kappa scores between the high angle (K= 0.439; 95% CI 0.310–0.568) and low angle (K = 0.068; 95% CI 0.007–0.130) patients ( P < 0.001), as well as the high and average angle (K= 0.151; 95% CI 0.031–0.270) patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: AP skeletal pattern, as determined from a lateral cephalometric radiograph, has only a fair level of agreement to that from a silhouetted profile photograph. Vertical proportions were shown to have a significant effect on the determination of the sagittal skeletal pattern and class III skeletal patterns were shown to be the most difficult to identify from profile silhouettes.

Generalized Short Root Anomaly with Various Dental Anomalies : A Case Report with a 5 - Year Follow - up

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a rare dental condition with abnormally short and blunt root morphology. It mostly affects maxillary central incisors symmetrically and only has been observed in permanent teeth.A 9-year-old girl was referred from a local dental clinic for short root development in mixed dentition with no symptoms. Radiographic and intraoral examinations revealed SRA on upper and lower incisors and mandibular first molars along with other dental anomalies such as enamel hypoplasia and dens invaginatus. During long - term follow - up for 5 years, her mixed dentition has changed to permanent dentition and generalized SRA was observed in all permanent teeth. Cephalometric radiograph also revealed the calcification between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes described as a sella turcica bridge which was reported associating with dental anomalies. Early diagnosis of SRA is emphasized for successful management and prevention of root resorption and tooth loss.This report aimed to present a rare case of generalized SRA along with other dental anomalies and sella turcica bridging in a female patient through long - term follow - up.

Guiding Maxillary Left Central Incisor to Occlusion and Late Formation of a Supernumerary Tooth in the Upper Left Premolar Region

Hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth are the erupted or impacted teeth, which develop in addition to the regular dental series and might cause many occlusal problems. This article sheds light on a case of impacted maxillary left central incisor (21) due to a mesiodens supernumerary tooth and a late development of another supernumerary tooth in the upper left premolar area at the end of orthodontic treatment. O.A. is an 11-year, eight-month-old male, African patient presented to the orthodontic clinic with a chief complaint “My upper front tooth did not erupt although the dentist attached a wire to pull it with the help of a neighbouring tooth.” Clinically, he is medically fit and healthy, presented with class II division I malocclusion on skeletal II base; mild space discrepancy in the upper and lower dental arches; impacted 21; increased overjet; reduced overbite; localized bilateral posterior crossbite in relation to tooth number 16, 15, 25, and 26; and lower centreline shift to the left. Radiographically, lateral cephalometric radiograph confirms the skeletal relationship, whereas dental panoramic tomography (DPT) shows impacted 21 and the presence of all permanent teeth. The treatment plan consists of comprehensive orthodontic treatment using preadjusted edgewise metallic bracket, Roth prescription 0.022 ″ × 0.028 ″ slot and an active transpalatal arch (TPA) with palatal arms. Retention regimen comprises of upper and lower bonded retainers from canine to canine and vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) for both dental arches.

A photogrammetric and cephalometric evaluation of facial symmetry and smile in relation to attractiveness.

Introduction: Human find symmetrical face more attractive than are asymmetrical faces. The smile is one of the most important facial expressions and is essential in expressing friendliness, agreement, and appreciation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between smile and symmetry in attributing to attractiveness. Materials & Method: The study was conducted in the Department Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, on 150 samples. 150 good quality radiographs and photographs of the patients were obtained. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I – Horizontal growth pattern Group II – Average growth pattern Group III – Vertical growth pattern. The frontal facial photograph and PA cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the facial symmetry. Posed smile photograph and Lateral cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the smile. Digimizer Image Analyzer (bvba software) were used for the analysis. The ratings were given by the expert panellist based on attractiveness Results: In the present study, Left facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than right side in cephalometric analysis and converse for photographic analysis, right facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than left side but this is not statistically significant. There are no statistically significant difference among the groups for smile -photographic parameters and lateral cephalometric smile parameters. There is statistically significant difference among the groups for Visual Analog Scale readings for attractiveness given by orthodontist, general dentist and layperson for frontal profile for the subjects of three study groups. Conclusion: The study revealed that in cephalometric analysis, left hemiface is wider than right hemiface while in photographic analysis, right hemiface is wider than left hemiface. Vertical grower shows maximum upper incisor exposure and upper and lower vermilion lip thickness. On the contrary full smile length was minimum in vertical grower. The most favored profile by VAS was horizontal growth pattern.

Craniofacial morphology/phenotypes influence on mandibular range of movement in the design of a mandibular advancement device

Background The mandibular opening path movements have different directions according to the craniofacial morphology of the patient but always downward and backward, therefore increasing the collapse of the upper airway. The aim of this work is to determine if there is a relationship between the craniofacial morphology and the mandibular movement to help understand the impact on the mandibular position. Methods 52 students with full permanent dentition aged 19 to 23 years (mean 21.3 SD 1.7; 29 females and 23 males), participated in the study. Each subject had a lateral cephalometric radiograph taken. The opening angle was determined for two levels of vertical openings at 5 and 10 mm. Results The opening angle showed a greater variability between subjects ranging from 63.15 to 77.08 for 5 mm angle and from for 61.65 to 75.72 for the 10 mm angle. Differences of facial phenotypes was evident when comparing the individual dissoccluding angle of the low angle horizontal pattern and high angle vertical pattern. Conclusions The opening angle is related to craniofacial morphology with higher vertical anterior and shorter anteroposterior faces having a more horizontal path of mandibular movement than shorter vertical anterior and longer anteroposterior subjects who have a more vertical path.

Craniofacial morphology/phenotypes influence on mandibular range of movement in the design of a mandibular advancement device

Background. The mandibular opening path movements have different directions according to the craniofacial morphology of the patient but always downward and backward, therefore increasing the collapse of the upper airway. The aim of this work is to determine if there is a relationship between the craniofacial morphology and the mandibular movement to help understand the impact on the mandibular position. Methods. 52 students with full permanent dentition aged 19 to 23 years (mean 21.3 SD 1.7; 29 females and 23 males), participated in the study. Each subject had a lateral cephalometric radiograph taken. The opening angle was determined for two levels of vertical openings at 5 and 10 mm. Results. The opening angle showed a greater variability between subjects ranging from 63.15 to 77.08 for 5 mm angle and from for 61.65 to 75.72 for the 10 mm angle. Differences of facial phenotypes was evident when comparing the individual dissoccluding angle of the low angle horizontal pattern and high angle vertical pattern. Conclusions. The opening angle is related to craniofacial morphology with higher vertical anterior and shorter anteroposterior faces having a more horizontal path of mandibular movement than shorter vertical anterior and longer anteroposterior subjects who have a more vertical path.

Craniofacial morphology/phenotypes influence on mandibular range of movement in the design of a mandibular advancement device

Background. The mandibular opening path movements have different directions according to the craniofacial morphology of the patient but always downward and backward, therefore increasing the collapse of the upper airway. The aim of this work is to determine if there is a relationship between the craniofacial morphology and the mandibular movement to help understand the impact on the mandibular position. Methods. 52 students with full permanent dentition aged 19 to 23 years (mean 21.3 SD 1.7; 29 females and 23 males), participated in the study. Each subject had a lateral cephalometric radiograph taken. The opening angle was determined for two levels of vertical openings at 5 and 10 mm.Results. The opening angle showed a greater variability between subjects ranging from 63.15 to 77.08 for 5 mm angle and from for 61.65 to 75.72 for the 10 mm angle. Differences of facial phenotypes was evident when comparing the individual dissoccluding angle of the low angle horizontal pattern and high angle vertical pattern.Conclusions. The opening angle is related to craniofacial morphology with higher vertical anterior and shorter anteroposterior faces having a more horizontal path of mandibular movement than shorter vertical anterior and longer anteroposterior subjects who have a more vertical path.

Craniofacial morphology/phenotypes influence on mandibular range of movement in the design of a mandibular advancement device

Background. The mandibular opening path movements have different directions according to the craniofacial morphology of the patient but always downward and backward, therefore increasing the collapse of the upper airway. The aim of this work is to determine if there is a relationship between the craniofacial morphology and the mandibular movement to help understand the impact on the mandibular position. Methods. 52 students with full permanent dentition aged 19 to 23 years (mean 21.3 SD 1.7; 29 females and 23 males), participated in the study. Each subject had a lateral cephalometric radiograph taken. The opening angle was determined for two levels of vertical openings at 5 and 10 mm.Results. The opening angle showed a greater variability between subjects ranging from 63.15 to 77.08 for 5 mm angle and from for 61.65 to 75.72 for the 10 mm angle. Differences of facial phenotypes was evident when comparing the individual dissoccluding angle of the low angle horizontal pattern and high angle vertical pattern.Conclusions. The opening angle is related to craniofacial morphology with higher vertical anterior and shorter anteroposterior faces having a more horizontal path of mandibular movement than shorter vertical anterior and longer anteroposterior subjects who have a more vertical path.