<p>Tides have a large impact on coastal polynyas around Antarctica. We investigate the effect of semi-diurnal tidal cycles on the seawater carbonate chemistry in a coastal polynya hugging the Ekstr&#246;m Ice Shelf in the south-eastern Weddell Sea. This region experiences some of the strongest tides in the Southern Ocean. We assess the implications for the contribution of coastal polynyas to the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) air-sea flux of the Weddell Sea.</p><p>Two site visits, in January 2015 and January 2019, are intercompared in terms of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, total alkalinity, pH, and CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure (pCO<sub>2</sub>). The tides induce large variability in the carbonate chemistry of the coastal polynya in the austral summer: DIC concentrations vary between 2174 and 2223 umol kg<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p>The tidal fluctuation in the DIC concentration can swing the polynya from a sink to a source of atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>on a semi-diurnal timescale. We attribute these changes to the mixing of different water masses. The amount of variability induced by tides depends on &#8211; and is associated with &#8211; large scale oceanographic and biogeochemical processes that affect the characteristics and presence of the water masses being mixed, such as the rate of sea ice melt.</p><p>Sampling strategies in Antarctic coastal polynyas should always take tidal influences into account. This would help to reduce biases in our understanding of how coastal polynyas contribute to the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by the Southern Ocean.</p>
Marine productivity enhancement around Bouvet and the South Sandwich Islands (Southern Ocean)
