scholarly journals Physiological Responses during Competitive Sports Aerobics Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (57) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
National Team

The aim of this study was to characterize heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake and pulmonary ventilation during competitiveaerobic gymnastics routine in a group of elite women athletes. The subjects were Lithuanian aerobic women gymnasts,members of national team (21.6, 4.4) years old). All subjects performed a maximal incremental treadmill test in thelaboratory and competitive aerobic gymnastics exercises in group category. Heart rate was continuously recordedusing the heart rate measurement equipment Polar ACCUREX-Plus. During the incremental treadmill test HRdeflection point and other parameters of aerobic capacity were determined from the relationship of HR to runningspeed. During the aerobic gymnastics routine pulmonary gas exchange parameters and heart rate were continuouslymeasured using the telemetric equipment Cortex 3B. The changes of HR, minute ventilation and oxygen uptake wereanalyzed by adopting monoexponential function.The results showed that HR values during the competitive aerobic gymnastics routine were higher than HR break pointwhich is near the lactate accumulation threshold (reaching 95.2 (4.2)% of maximal HR). Oxygen uptake duringcompetitive routine reached 81.3 (5.8)% of maximal oxygen uptake. Rather high blood lactate accumulation(7.50 mmol / l) at the third minute after exercise show the high intensity of exercise. These results allows us to considerthat aerobic gymnastics is a sport with high cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands, in which aerobic and anaerobicsources are intensely activated.Keywords: aerobic gymnastics, aerobic capacity, pulmonary gas exchange, lactate, heart rate deflection point.

Responses to Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia: Comparison of Elite and Recreational Ski Mountaineers

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Faiss ◽  
Claudia von Orelli ◽  
Olivier Dériaz ◽  
Grégoire P. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
National Team

Purpose:Hypoxia is known to reduce maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) more in trained than in untrained subjects in several lowland sports. Ski mountaineering is practiced mainly at altitude, so elite ski mountaineers spend significantly longer training duration at altitude than their lower-level counterparts. Since acclimatization in hypobaric hypoxia is effective, the authors hypothesized that elite ski mountaineers would exhibit a VO2max decrement in hypoxia similar to that of recreational ski mountaineers.Methods:Eleven elite (E, Swiss national team) and 12 recreational (R) ski mountaineers completed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion in normobaric hypoxia (H, 3000 m, FIO2 14.6% ± 0.1%) and in normoxia (N, 485 m, FIO2 20.9% ± 0.0%). Pulse oxygen saturation in blood (SpO2), VO2max, minute ventilation, and heart rate were recorded.Results:At rest, hypoxic ventilatory response was higher (P < .05) in E than in R (1.4 ± 1.9 vs 0.3 ± 0.6 L · min−1 · kg−1). At maximal intensity, SpO2 was significantly lower (P < .01) in E than in R, both in N (91.1% ± 3.3% vs 94.3% ± 2.3%) and in H (76.4% ± 5.4% vs 82.3% ± 3.5%). In both groups, SpO2 was lower (P < .01) in H. Between N and H, VO2max decreased to a greater extent (P < .05) in E than in R (–18% and –12%, P < .01). In E only, the VO2max decrement was significantly correlated with the SpO2 decrement (r = .74, P < .01) but also with VO2max measured in N (r = .64, P < .05).Conclusion:Despite a probable better acclimatization to altitude, VO2max was more reduced in E than in R ski mountaineers, confirming previous results observed in lowlander E athletes.

scholarly journals Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake Recovery and the Level of Aerobic Capacity in Mountain Bikers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Marek Zatoń ◽  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafał Hebisz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
National Team

Abstract Introduction. Since mountain biking involves exercise of varying intensity, competitive performance may be affected by the rate of recovery. The aim of the current study was to determine whether maximal oxygen uptake is associated with the rate of heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery in mountain bike athletes. Material and methods. The study examined 29 mountain bikers, including members of the Polish National Team. These athletes specialised in cross-country Olympic (XCO) racing. After undergoing a graded stress test on a cycle ergometer, the subjects were divided into two groups: G1, consisting of athletes with higher aerobic capacity (n = 12; VO2max > 60 ml∙kg−1∙min−1), and G2, comprising athletes with lower aerobic capacity (n = 17; VO2max < 55 mL∙kg−1∙min−1). Heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery was measured after the graded stress test in a sitting position. Results. HRmax values did not differ significantly between the two groups. HR1’, HR2’, and HR4’ values recorded for G1 were statistically significantly lower compared to those achieved by G2. %HR1’, %HR2’, %HR4’, and %HR5’ values were also significantly lower in G1 than in G2. No significant differences were found in oxygen uptake during recovery (VO2-1’, 2’, 3’, 4’, 5’) between the two groups. Significantly lower %VO2max-1’, %VO2max-2’, and %VO2max-5’ values were observed in G1 compared to those in G2. No significant correlations were found between VO2max per kilogram of body mass and the recovery efficiency index in either group. There was, however, a statistically significant correlation between VO2max and the recovery efficiency index (R = 0.52) in the entire group of athletes (n = 29). Conclusion. The study showed that the work capacity of mountain bike athletes was associated with the rate of heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery.

Oxygen uptake during the first minutes of heavy muscular exercise

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof &Aring;strand ◽  
Bengt Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Muscular Exercise ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Submaximal Work

Oxygen uptake, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, and blood lactic acid were studied in five subjects performing maximal work on a bicycle ergometer. After a 10-min warming up period work loads were varied so that exhaustion terminated exercise after about 2—8 min. Peak oxygen uptake and heart rate were practically identical (sd 3.1% and 3 beats/minute, respectively) in the experiments. The heavier the work was and the shorter the work time the higher became the pulmonary ventilation. There was a more rapid increase in the functions studied when the heaviest work loads were performed. It is concluded that aerobic capacity can be measured in a work test of from a few up to about 8 min duration, severity of work determining the actual work time necessary. Duration of work in studies of circulation and respiration during submaximal work should exceed 5 min. Submitted on June 23, 1961

Cardiorespiratory demands of competitive rock climbing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel A Callender ◽  
Tara N Hayes ◽  
Nicholas B Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Physiological Demands

Rock climbing has become a mainstream sport, contested on the Olympic stage. The work/rest pattern of bouldering is unique among disciplines, and little is known about its physiological demands. This study characterized the cardiorespiratory responses to simulated competition. Eleven elite boulderers (7 male) volunteered to participate (age=23.3±4.5 y; mass=68.2±9.7 kg; stature=1.73±0.06 m; bodyfat %=10.4±5%). Subjects completed incremental treadmill running exercise to determine maximal capacities. On a separate day, they undertook a simulated Olympic-style competition comprising five boulder problems, each separated by 5-min rest. Pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and heart rate were assessed throughout. Total climbing time was 18.9±2.7 min. Bouldering elicited a peak V̇O2 of 35.8±7.3 mL∙kg−1∙min−1 (~75% of treadmill maximum) and a peak heart rate of 162±14 b∙min−1 (~88% of maximum). Subjects spent 22.9±8.6% of climbing time above the gas exchange threshold. At exercise cessation, there was an abrupt and significant increase in tidal volume (1.4±0.4 vs. 1.8±0.4 L; p=0.006, d=0.83) despite unchanged minute ventilation. Cardiorespiratory parameters returned to baseline within 4 min of the rest period. Competitive bouldering elicits substantial cardiorespiratory demand and evidence of tidal volume constraint. Further studies are warranted to explore the effect of cardiorespiratory training on climbing performance. Novelty bullets • Competitive bouldering evokes a high fraction of V̇O2max and prolonged periods above the GET • Climbing appears to impose a constraint on tidal volume expansion • Cardiorespiratory indices in elite climbers return to baseline within 2–4 min

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange in healthy humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. H1585-H1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Giardino ◽  
Robb W. Glenny ◽  
Soo Borson ◽  
Leighton Chan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Paced Breathing ◽  
Healthy Humans

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be associated with improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange by matching ventilation to perfusion within each respiratory cycle. Respiration rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation (V˙e), exhaled carbon dioxide (V˙co 2), oxygen consumption (V˙o 2), and heart rate were measured in 10 healthy human volunteers during paced breathing to test the hypothesis that RSA contributes to pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. Cross-spectral analysis of heart rate and respiration was computed to calculate RSA and the coherence and phase between these variables. Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was measured as the average ventilatory equivalent of CO2(V˙e/V˙co 2) and O2(V˙e/V˙o 2). Across subjects and paced breathing periods, RSA was significantly associated with CO2 (partial r = −0.53, P = 0.002) and O2 (partial r = −0.49, P = 0.005) exchange efficiency after controlling for the effects of age, respiration rate, tidal volume, and average heart rate. Phase between heart rate and respiration was significantly associated with CO2 exchange efficiency (partial r = 0.40, P = 0.03). These results are consistent with previous studies and further support the theory that RSA may improve the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange.

Mechanisms of improvement in pulmonary gas exchange during isovolemic hemodilution

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Deem ◽  
Richard G. Hedges ◽  
Steven McKinney ◽  
Nayak L. Polissar ◽  
Michael K. Alberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

Severe anemia is associated with remarkable stability of pulmonary gas exchange (S. Deem, M. K. Alberts, M. J. Bishop, A. Bidani, and E. R. Swenson. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 240–246, 1997), although the factors that contribute to this stability have not been studied in detail. In the present study, 10 Flemish Giant rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated at a fixed minute ventilation. Serial hemodilution was performed in five rabbits by simultaneous withdrawal of blood and infusion of an equal volume of 6% hetastarch; five rabbits were followed over a comparable time. Ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) relationships were studied by using the multiple inert-gas-elimination technique, and pulmonary blood flow distribution was assessed by using fluorescent microspheres. Expired nitric oxide (NO) was measured by chemiluminescence. Hemodilution resulted in a linear fall in hematocrit over time, from 30 ± 1.6 to 11 ± 1%. Anemia was associated with an increase in arterial [Formula: see text] in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01 between groups). The improvement in O2 exchange was associated with reducedV˙a/Q˙heterogeneity, a reduction in the fractal dimension of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04), and a relative increase in the spatial correlation of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04). Expired NO increased with anemia, whereas it remained stable in control animals ( P < 0.0001 between groups). Anemia results in improved gas exchange in the normal lung as a result of an improvement in overallV˙a/Q˙matching. In turn, this may be a result of favorable changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution, as assessed by the fractal dimension and spatial correlation of blood flow and as a result of increased NO availability.

Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Oxygen Uptake During Exercise in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Wanke ◽  
D. Formanek ◽  
M. Auinger ◽  
H. Zwick ◽  
K. Irsigler
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange

scholarly journals Coca chewing for exercise: hormonal and metabolic responses of nonhabitual chewers

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Favier ◽  
Esperanza Caceres ◽  
Laurent Guillon ◽  
Brigitte Sempore ◽  
Michel Sauvain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Favier, Roland, Esperanza Caceres, Laurent Guillon, Brigitte Sempore, Michel Sauvain, Harry Koubi, and Hilde Spielvogel. Coca chewing for exercise: hormonal and metabolic responses of nonhabitual chewers. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 1901–1907, 1996.—To determine the effects of acute coca use on the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise, 12 healthy nonhabitual coca users were submitted twice to steady-state exercise (∼75% maximal O2 uptake). On one occasion, they were asked to chew 15 g of coca leaves 1 h before exercise, whereas on the other occasion, exercise was performed after 1 h of chewing a sugar-free chewing gum. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucagon, and metabolites (glucose, lactate, glycerol, and free fatty acids) were determined at rest before and after coca chewing and during the 5th, 15th, 30th, and 60th min of exercise. Simultaneously to these determinations, cardiorespiratory variables (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen uptake, and respiratory gas exchange ratio) were also measured. At rest, coca chewing had no effect on plasma hormonal and metabolic levels except for a significantly reduced insulin concentration. During exercise, the oxygen uptake, heart rate, and respiratory gas exchange ratio were significantly increased in the coca-chewing trial compared with the control (gum-chewing) test. The exercise-induced drop in plasma glucose and insulin was prevented by prior coca chewing. These results contrast with previous data obtained in chronic coca users who display during prolonged submaximal exercise an exaggerated plasma sympathetic response, an enhanced availability and utilization of fat (R. Favier, E. Caceres, H. Koubi, B. Sempore, M. Sauvain, and H. Spielvogel. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 650–655, 1996). We conclude that, whereas coca chewing might affect glucose homeostasis during exercise, none of the physiological data provided by this study would suggest that acute coca chewing in nonhabitual users could enhance tolerance to exercise.

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF VO2max CONSUMPTION IN ELITE BULGARIAN TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Dimitar Avramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
National Team ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this study was to determine aerobic fitness through the VO2max treadmill test of elite Bulgarian taekwondo players with international results, and to determine whether the aerobic system had an effect upon the sports result in taekwondo. Fourteen elite taekwondo athletes, members of the Bulgarian national team (8 male and 6 female) were tested using a continuous progressive treadmill test. Physiological characteristics such as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max), blood lactate and heart rate were measured. The male athletes recorded 58.2±3.4 ml kg–1 min–1 and the female 46.0±2.8 ml kg–1 min–1. The lactate level reached its highest at the 6’ after the VO2max with results for the males of 11.5±3.7 (mmol l-1) and 9.9±4.1 (mmol l-1) for the females respectively. A comparison between our results, regarding VO2max and previously reported was made using the One-way Anova for independent samples. It showed no significant difference between the male subjects (58.2±3.4 versus 60.7±3.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p>.05) and significant difference between the female ones (46.0±2.8 versus 49.8±2.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p<.05). Investigated also was the number of kicks executed by the winner of -49 kg weight category and her direct opponents during the 2019 Grand Prix Sofia. It was discovered that the winner kicked an average of 86.25 times per match and her kicks during the Grand Prix Sofia accumulated to 390 in total. It is our conclusion that the aerobic fitness does not play a significant role in taekwondo.

Ventilation and gas exchange in lizards during treadmill exercise.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (20) ◽  
pp. 2629-2639
Author(s):  
T Wang ◽  
D R Carrier ◽  
J W Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Gas Exchange Rate ◽  
Treadmill Locomotion

The extent to which lizards ventilate their lungs during locomotion is controversial. Direct measurements of airflow across the nostrils suggest a progressive reduction in tidal volume and minute ventilation with increased running speed, while other studies have demonstrated that arterial PO2 remains constant during exercise. To resolve these conflicting findings, we measured minute ventilation and gas exchange rate in five specimens of Varanus exanthematicus and five specimens of Iguana iguana during treadmill locomotion at speeds between 0.14 and 1.11ms-1 at 35 degrees C. These speeds are much lower than maximal running speeds, but are greater than the maximal aerobic speed. In both species, the ventilatory pattern during locomotion was highly irregular, indicating an interference between locomotion and lung ventilation. In Varanus exanthematicus, treadmill locomotion elicited a six- to eightfold increase in minute ventilation from a pre-exercise level of 102mlkg-1min-1, whereas the rate of oxygen uptake increased approximately threefold (from 3.9 to 12.6mlkg-1min-1). After exercise, both minute ventilation and gas exchange rate decreased immediately. Because minute ventilation increased more than did oxygen consumption, an increase in lung PO2 during exercise is predicted and, thus, Varanus exanthematicus appears effectively to ventilate its lungs to match the increased metabolic rate during locomotion at moderate speed. In Iguana iguana, both minute ventilation and gas exchange rate increased above resting values during locomotion at 0.28ms-1, but both decreased with further increases in locomotor speed. Furthermore, following exercise, both minute ventilation and oxygen uptake rate increased significantly. Iguana iguana, therefore, appears to be unable to match the increased oxygen demand with adequate ventilation at moderate and higher speeds.

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