In dominum pristinum statuere: Hugo Grotius’ Theory of Restitution and the Return of the Former Condition of Things

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zolkos
Keyword(s):  
Social Community ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
The Law

This chapter focuses on the theory of restitution in Hugo Grotius’ writings on the conduct of war and on conditions of ante bellum in his 1604/1605 De Iure Praedae and in the 1625 De Iure Belli ac Pacis. It looks closely at three aspects of Grotius’s restitution theory: first, its association with corrective, compensatory and expletive justice response to wrongdoing; second, its understanding as an expression of a uniquely human desire for social community; and, third, its relation to the broader imaginary of the law of postliminium. This elucidates different, though overlapping, meanings of return at play in the modern restitutive discourse, including the return of expropriated objects to their previous owner; the subject’s return as home-coming and repatriation; and the subject’s return to a previously occupied position or condition.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KRITIS TERHADAP HUKUM PERDATA (KUHPERDATA) DALAM ASPEK FILOSOFIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Anwar Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Law ◽  
Important System

Abstrak Hukum merupakan suatu sistem terpenting di dalam masyarakat untuk mengatur kehidupan yang berkaitan dengan sebuat tatanan yang selalu bergerak baik secara evolutif maupun revolusioner. Tatanan diatur dalam hukum itu sendiri meliputi tatanan transendetal, tatanan sosial/masyarakat dan tatanan politik. Hukum perdata yang merupakan ketentuan atau peraturan yang berkaitan dengan pribadi seseorang dengan orang lain, atau juga hukum sipil memiliki ruang lingkup yang luas dalam pengaturannya. Salah satu bidang hukum yang mengatur hubungan-hubungan antara individu-individu dalam masayrakat dengan sarana tertentu. Penggolongan dari hukum perdata yang ada saat ini antara lain meliputi: Hukum keluarga, Hukum harta kekayaan, Hukum kebendaan, Hukum perikatan, dan Hukum waris. Kajian kritis terhadap hukum perdata yang telah berlaku di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode filsafat (filosofis), maka seharusya yang dijadikan dasar pemikirannya ialah falsafah Pancasila. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa Pancasila merupakan sumber dari segala sumber hukum negara Indonesia. Hal yang demikian ini dirasa sesuai mengingat falsafah Pancasila adalah merupakan ruh perjuangan dari para pejuang bangsa, sebagai alat pemersatu, dari yang sebelumnya terkotak-kotak oleh suatu daerah/wilayah, ras, suku, golongan dan agama. Kata Kunci: Hukum Perdata, Filosofis, Pancasila   Abstract The law is the most important system in society to regulate life in relation to an order that is always moving both evolutionarily and revolutionarily. Order is regulated in the law itself including transcendental order, social/community order and political order. Private law which is a provision or regulation relating to someone's personal with others, or also civil law has a broad scope in its regulation. One area of ​​law that regulates the relationships between individuals in society with certain means. The current classification of private law includes: Family law, Property law, Material law, Engagement law, and inheritance law. Critical study of private law that has prevailed in Indonesia using philoshopy (philosophical) methods, then the basis for thinking should be the philosophy of Pancasila. As is known that Pancasila is the source of all sources of Indonesian state law. This is considered appropriate given the philosophy of Pancasila is the spirit of the struggle of the nation's fighters, as a unifying tool, from previously divided by a region / region, race, ethnicity, class and religion. Keyword: Private Law, Philosophical, Pancasila.

LEGAL DYNAMICS OF BANK INTEREST FROM LAJNAH BAHTSUL MASĀIL NAHDLATUL ULAMA (NU) PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Joko Hadi Purnomo ◽  
Niswatin Nurul Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Interesting Topic ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Law ◽  
Economic Needs

The debate on bank interest law has become an interesting topic for various parties to discuss. Among Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic scholars, bank interest law has been reviewed and debated in various Islamic boarding houses (pesantren). If the Islamic scholars have agreed on the prohibition of usury, but there is no agreement that ensures the bank interest law. Various differences continue with various arguments using the typical rules of the pesantren, called istinbath hukum. Nahdlatul Ulama. as one of the religious and social community organizations that has a majority of followers in Indonesia, has a concern on discussing and determining the law. In meeting economic needs, Muslims also intersect with interest-based banking, even more broadly the activities of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage which are also using bank services. Nahdlatul Ulama has a method for determining a specific law based on the pesantren tradition which has been agreed as a standard method in the Lajnah Bahtsul Masail. This paper aims to explain the istinbath Hukum used to determine bank interest law, and the bank interest law stipulation in Nahdlatul Ulama.Perdebatan hukum bunga bank menjadi topik yang menarik berbagai pihak untuk mendiskusikannya. Di kalangan ulama Nahdlatul Ulama. hukum bunga bank telah dikaji dan diperdebatan di pesantren-pesantren. Jika ulama telah menyepakati keharaman riba, namun belum ada satu kesepakatan yang memastikan satu hukum bunga bank. Berbagai perbedaan terus berlangsung dengan berbagai argumentasi dengan menggunakan kaidah-kaidah khas pesantren yaitu istinbath hukum. Nahdlatul Ulama. sebagai salah satu organisasi masyarakat keagamaan dan sosial yang memiliki mayoritas pengikut di Indonesia sangat berkepentingan untuk membahas dan menentukan hukumnya. Umat Islam dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi juga bersinggungan dengan perbankan berbasis bunga, bahkan lebih luas lagi kegiatan peribadatan ibadah haji dan umroh terlepas juga menggunakan jasa bank. Nahdlatul Ulama memiliki metode untuk menentukan hukum yang khas berdasarkan tradisi pesantren yang telah disepakati sebagai metode baku dalam Lajnah Bahtsul Masāil. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengurai istinbath hukum yang digunakan untuk menentukan hukum bunga bank, dan ketetapan hukum bunga bank di Nahdlatul Ulama.

The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Law ◽  
John Selden ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Maritime Boundary Delimitation ◽  
Oceans Management

Human activities have taken place in the world's oceans and seas for most of human history. With such a vast number of ways in which the oceans can be used for trade, exploited for natural resources and fishing, as well as concerns over maritime security, the legal systems regulating the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans have long been a crucial part of international law. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea comprehensively defined the parameters of the law of the sea in 1982, and since the Convention was concluded it has seen considerable development. This book provides an analysis of its current debates and controversies, both theoretical and practical. It consists of forty chapters divided into six parts. First, it explains the origins and evolution of the law of the sea, with a particular focus upon the role of key publicists such as Hugo Grotius and John Selden, the gradual development of state practice, and the creation of the 1982 UN Convention. It then reviews the components which comprise the maritime domain, assessing their definition, assertion, and recognition. It also analyzes the ways in which coastal states or the international community can assert control over areas of the sea, and the management and regulation of each of the maritime zones. This includes investigating the development of the mechanisms for maritime boundary delimitation, and the decisions of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The book also discusses the actors and intuitions that impact on the law of the sea, considering their particular rights and interests, in particular those of state actors and the principle law of the sea institutions. Then it focuses on operational issues, investigating longstanding matters of resource management and the integrated oceans framework. This includes a discussion and assessment of the broad and increasingly influential integrated oceans management governance framework that interacts with the traditional law of the sea. It considers six distinctive regions that have been pivotal to the development of the law of the sea, before finally providing a detailed analysis of the critical contemporary issues facing the law of the sea. These include threatened species, climate change, bioprospecting, and piracy.

Hugo Grotius and the Thirty Years War, An early reception of De iure belli ac pacis

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Müller
Keyword(s):  
War And Peace ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
The Law ◽  
Francisco Suarez ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria

AbstractIt is generally assumed that the peace negotiations at Münster and Osnabrück were influenced by the Spanish authors of the so-called Second Scholastics such as Francisco Suarez and Francisco de Vitoria, although evidence of that influence is lacking. It is possible, however, to establish that Grotius's book on the law of war and peace did influence the Westphalian negotiations. De iure belli et pacis was first published in 1625; it was widely read and during the 1630s it was used for teaching purposes in the universities of Strasbourg, Tübingen, Ingolstadt and Uppsala.

What is the Nature of the Crime of the Delinquent Daughter in Deuteronomy 22:13-21? A Rejoinder to J. Fleishman's Suggestion

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459
Author(s):  
Meir Malul
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The One

AbstractThe exact nature of the girl's crime in the law of the delinquent daughter in Deut 22:13-21 is examined, starting by a detailed critique of J. Fleishman's previous suggestion in this journal (vol. 58, pp. 191-210) to construe it in the light of the law of cursing the parents in Exod 21:17 and understand it as an innovation and restriction of the latter law. In his view, the girl's sin is tantamount to cursing her parents, which, like the sin of the glatton and drunkard son according to Deut 21: 18-21, meant the undermining of the parents' authority and status, for which both boy and girl deserved the death penalty. In the following critique, it is underlined that the girl's sin is, first, not one of omission but of commission, and, second, it is not against her parents but against her husband, who is also the one to initiate the legal proceedings. A new interpretation is suggested, according to which the girl's crime, defined in v. 21 as an act of and a deed of, consisted not only in concealing her previous loss of virginity from her husband, thus deceiving him and her parents, but also in duping her husband into committing a sin comparable to that of lying with a menstruating, and thus desolate, woman. Being deprived of virginity, and thus of the socially recognized status of a virgin, she became, like Tamar (2 Sam 13:20), “desolate, forlorn”, an unenviable state from which only her seducer/ravisher could redeem her (thus are the sense and goal of the laws of the seduced virgin in Exod 22:15-16 and Deut 22:28-29). Trying to dupe her husband into steping in and performing what custom and law dictated the other man—the seducer/ravisher—should have done, and thus to arrogate to herself a social status she did not deserve, was then tantamount to undermining social structure and striking at the fibers that constituted the essence and integrity of the social community (cf. Prov 30:21-23).

The Revenge of John Selden: The Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea in the Light of Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum

Grotiana ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Logue
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
John Selden

AbstractOn April 30, 1982, the Eleventh Session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) endorsed the final version of the Draft Convention of the Law of the Sea by a vote of 130 to 4, with 17 abstentions.1 The Session met at UN Headquarters in New York from March 8 to April 30.2

Grotius and India (1954)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University

This chapter discusses the work of two European writers who made outstanding contributions to the formation of the law of nations: Franciscus de Vitoria, professor at the University of Salamanca (1480–1546) and Hugo Grotius (1533–1645). Grotius has been hitherto considered the father of the law of nations but this accolade seems to have shifted to Vitoria: pater semper est incertus. The first of Grotius’ main works which kept his paternity alive is Mare Liberum. However, Mare Liberum, if compared with Vitoria’s De Indis Noviter Inventis, reveals itself as a transposition of legal arguments of the Spanish school from the case of America versus Spain to the case of Asia versus Portugal.

The Philosophy of a Christian Virtuoso iii

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Law

The question why Locke failed to publish an ethical system, notwithstanding the value he placed on the moral life, is raised and its answer postponed. Locke’s thoughts about ethics expressed in the Essay and other writings are examined, their sources identified, and the systematic connections between them are considered. Hellenistic sources, especially Epicurean ones, are identified, along with the ethical rationalism and naturalism of Hugo Grotius. Following Grotius, Locke developed a theory of the law of nature, rooted in social convenience, but sanctioned by divine command. In Some Thoughts concerning Education, Locke advocated the cultivation of virtues suitable to the moral and civic life of a gentleman. His abortive attempt to develop a system of ethics in ‘Of Ethics in General’, intended as a chapter of the Essay, but abandoned, brings the reader back to the opening question. Locke concluded that revelation is a more reliable source of moral knowledge.

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