Current recommendations for pulmonary function testing during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Kameneva ◽  
O. I. Savushkina ◽  
A. V. Cherniak

The article summarizes the experience of leading professional communities in organizing the work of lung function laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the choice of methods, indications for pulmonary function testing and infection control measures aimed at minimizing the risk of cross-infection of medical staff and patients are presented.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Shikma Katz ◽  
Nissim Arish ◽  
Ariel Rokach ◽  
Yacov Zaltzmann ◽  
Esther-Lee Marcus

Hintergrund: Die Lungenfunktionsprüfung (LFP) wird wegen der Anordnung der Messgeräte und des Patientenkomforts routinemäßig in aufrechter Position durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wurde der Einfluss der Körperposition auf die Lungenfunktion bei gesunden Probanden und speziellen Patientengruppen untersucht. Methoden: Zur Identifizierung englischsprachiger Publikationen, die zwischen Januar 1998 und Dezember 2017 veröffentlicht wurden, erfolgte eine Suche in MEDLINE und Google Scholar anhand der Suchbegriffe body position, lung function, lung mechanics, lung volume, position change, positioning, posture, pulmonary function testing, sitting, standing, supine, ventilation, and ventilatory change. Bei den eingeschlossenen Studien handelte es sich um quasi-experimentelle Prä-post-Interventionen, in denen mindestens 2 Positionen, einschließlich Sitzen oder Stehen, untersucht wurden und die die Lungenfunktion bei nicht mechanisch beatmeten Probanden ≥ 18 Jahre bewerteten. Primäre Zielkriterien waren das forcierte exspiratorische Volumen in 1 Sekunde (FEV1), die forcierte Vitalkapazität (FVC, FEV1/FVC), die Vitalkapazität (VC), die funktionelle Residualkapazität (FRC), der maximale exspiratorische Druck (PEmax), der maximale inspiratorische Druck (PImax), der exspiratorische Spitzenfluss (PEF), die totale Lungenkapazität (TLC), das Residualvolumen (RV) und die Kohlenmonoxid-Diffusionskapazität der Lunge (DLCO). Folgende Positionen wurden untersucht: stehend, sitzend, Rückenlage sowie Rechts- und Linksseitenlage. Ergebnisse: 43 Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Die Studienpopulationen umfassten gesunde Probanden (29 Studien), Patienten mit Lungenerkrankungen (9), Herzkrankheiten (4), Rückenmarksverletzungen (SCI) (7), neuromuskulären Erkrankungen (3) und Adipositas (4). In den meisten Studien mit gesunden Probanden oder Patienten mit Lungen-, Herz- oder neuromuskulären Erkrankungen oder Adipositas fielen die Werte für FEV1, FVC, FRC, PEmax, PImax und/oder PEF in den aufrechteren Positionen höher aus. Bei Patienten mit SCI-bedingter Tetraplegie waren die Werte für FVC und FEV1 in Rückenlage höher als im Sitzen. Gesunde Probanden wiesen in Rückenlage eine höhere DLCO auf als im Sitzen und im Sitzen höhere Werte als in Seitenlage. Bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz fiel der Einfluss der Körperposition auf die DLCO unterschiedlich aus. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Körperposition hat Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse der LFP, doch bestehen Unterschiede hinsichtlich optimaler Position und Ausmaß des Benefits zwischen den Studienpopulationen. Die LFP erfolgt routinemäßig in sitzender Position. Wir empfehlen, bei Patienten mit Rückenmarksverletzung und neuromuskulären Erkrankungen neben der sitzenden Position auch die Rückenlage für die LFP in Betracht zu ziehen. Bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit Herz- oder Lungenerkrankungen, SCI, neuromuskulären Erkrankungen oder Adipositas ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Physiologie und Funktion der Lunge von der Körperposition beeinflusst werden.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Ayesha Zafar ◽  
◽  
Samira Adnan ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Maria Shakoor Abbasi ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception of patients visiting a dental OPD in Karachi regarding cross infection control measures that should be taken in dental practice. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the OPD of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine from January to August 2020. A total of 546 patients aged 20-75 years of either gender coming for routine dental check-ups were included in the study using non-probability convenience sampling. A well-structured and validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of patients regarding cross infection measures that should be present in dental practices. SPSS-25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentage of qualitative (gender, socioeconomic and education status, knowledge attitude and practice levels of patients) and quantitative variables (age groups). Chi-square test was used to detect the relation of patient's knowledge levels with potential factors like the age groups, gender, socioeconomic and education status. The p-value of (< 0.05) was considered as significant. RESULTS: Out of the total participants, 79.1% had good knowledge about cross infection control measures in dental practice. Majority of the patients (84.6%) agreed that dentists should wear gloves during treatment, though majority were of the opinion that a dentist can treat several patients with the same set of gloves. About 4.9% of the patients said that they ask the dentist to wear face mask and gloves while treating them, and only 3.3% said that they ask the dentist about sterilization of instruments. The knowledge level of patients showed variation with their education status but not with respect to socioeconomic status, age and gender. CONCLUSION: Although overall the patients visiting dental clinics had good perception and showed positive attitudes towards cross infection control, the dental health practitioners need to disseminate basic technical information about the infection-control practices required for safe dental practice to dental patients and the community at large. KEYWORDS: cross infection, knowledge, dentist, dental patients, perception


1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Adel A. Mousa ◽  
Nadia M. Mahmoud ◽  
Azza M. Tag El Din

The knowledge and attitudes of 460 dental patients attending outpatient dental clinics in Alexandria, Tanta, and El-Mansoura universities were studied. Every patient was interviewed individually using a questionnaire concerning the routine use of protective gloves, masks and spectacles. The results revealed that 90% of the patients expected dentists to wear gloves, 73% expected them to wear face masks and 37% to wear spectacles. Most patients believed that gloves were for the patient’s protection while face masks and spectacles were for the dentist’s protection. About 50% of patients believed that they could contract infectious diseases during dental treatment;the more educated, the greater the concern of infection. Tanta patients were more concerned about cross infection than other patients


Author(s):  
Laurie A. Hohberger ◽  
Felicia Montero-Arias ◽  
Anja C. Roden ◽  
Robert Vassallo

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and is associated with a poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy. We present a case of a woman with steroid-responsive biopsy-proven UIP with significant and sustained improvement in pulmonary function. A female in her 40s presented following a one-year history of progressive dyspnea, a 20 lb weight loss, and fatigue. Imaging of the chest with computed tomography (CT) showed bibasilar subpleural reticular opacities and minimal peripheral honeycombing. Comprehensive connective tissue disease (CTD) antibody testing was negative. Pulmonary function testing showed moderate impairment with reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC, 69% predicted), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 73% predicted), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, 52% predicted). Surgical lung biopsy showed UIP with prominent inflammatory infiltrates. Following treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, the patient's symptoms resolved, while objective pulmonary function testing showed normalization of lung function, which is sustained at >4 years of follow-up. Improvement in lung function following immunosuppressive therapy is distinctly uncommon in either idiopathic or secondary UIP. This report suggests that occasionally, patients with secondary UIP occurring in the context of otherwise undefinable autoimmune clinical syndromes may be responsive to immunosuppressive therapy.


2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Emami ◽  
Elaine Chia ◽  
Stephen Kadlecek ◽  
John P. MacDuffie-Woodburn ◽  
Jianliang Zhu ◽  
...  

Regional and global relationships of lung function and structure were studied using hyperpolarized 3He MRI in a rat elastase-induced model of emphysema ( n = 4) and healthy controls ( n = 5). Fractional ventilation ( r) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 3He were measured at a submillimeter planar resolution in ventral, middle, and dorsal slices 6 mo after model induction. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) was performed before MRI to yield forced expiratory volume in 50 ms (FEV50), airway resistance (RI), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Cutoff threshold values of ventilation and diffusion, r* and ADC*, were computed corresponding to 80% population of pixels falling above or below each threshold value, respectively. For correlation analysis, r* was compared with FEV50/functional residual capacity (FRC), RI and Cdyn, whereas ADC* was compared with FEV50/FRC, total lung capacity (TLC), and Cdyn. Regional correlation of r and ADC was evaluated by dividing each of the three lung slices into four quadrants. Cdyn was significantly larger in elastase rats (0.92 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12 ml/cmH2O). The difference of RI and FEV50 was insignificant between the two groups. The r* of healthy rats was significantly larger than the elastase group (0.42 ± 0.03 vs. 0.28 ± 0.06), whereas ADC* was significantly smaller in healthy animals (0.27 ± 0.04 vs. 0.36 ± 0.01 cm2/s). No systematic difference in these quantities was observed between the three lung slices. A significant 33% increase in ADC* and a significant 31% decline in r* for elastase rats was observed compared with a significant 51% increase in Cdyn and a nonsignificant 26% decline in FEV50/FRC. Correlation of imaging and PFT metrics revealed that r and ADC divide the rats into two separate clusters in the sample space.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Fouzas ◽  
Dimos Gidaris ◽  
Nikolaos Karantaglis ◽  
Harry Opsimos ◽  
Emmanouil I. Alexopoulos ◽  
...  

As the COVID-19 pandemic is still evolving, guidelines on pulmonary function testing that may dynamically adapt to sudden epidemiologic changes are required. This paper presents the recommendations of the Hellenic Pediatric Respiratory Society (HPRS) on pulmonary function testing in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 era. Following an extensive review of the relevant literature, we recommend that pulmonary function tests should be carried out after careful evaluation of the epidemiologic load, structured clinical screening of all candidates, and application of special protective measures to minimize the risk of viral cross infection. These principles have been integrated into a dynamic action plan that may readily adapt to the phase of the pandemic.


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