scholarly journals Do Warmups Predict Pole Vault Competition Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Alex Peskin
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between pole vault warmup and competition performance in a sample of 16 collegiate vaulters over 60 observations. Pole vault athletes are given time to warm up in the same area that the competition will take place. This prompted investigation into whether better warmup performance could indicate better familiarity with the performance environment, and whether this could translate to the competition. The number of warmup vaults taken was also considered. Participants were observed during multiple warmup periods and data was collected on warmup performance. The findings indicate a significant correlation between instances in which participants displayed their best warmup scores and their best competition performances, likewise with their worst. Also, participants who took more warmup vaults performed significantly better on average. Athletes and coaches should consider implementing warmup practices that emphasize familiarizing oneself with their performance environment. KEYWORDS: Pole Vault; Track and Field; Warmups; Warmup Performance; Competition Performance; Performance Environment; Nested Task; Task Constraints

Environmental and task constraints influence footfall variability in track and field jumping events

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
Hubert Makaruk ◽  
Jared Marak Porter ◽  
Marcin Starzak
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Pointing Control ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
And Task

By analysis of footfall variability in the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault, the present study was designed to highlight gait variability patterns required in varied nested tasks. Twelve male athletes in each event who participated in one international and two national competitions were involved in this study. Twenty five pairs of 1-m Optojump Next system bars were used to evaluate relevant footfall placement. The footfall variability was taken to present the pattern of step regulation and onset of visual regulation. The main results of this study showed that pole vaulters manifested a highly consistent gait pattern, which was different than the pattern which appeared in the horizontal jumps. The results also revealed that the onset of step length adjustments in the horizontal jumps occurred significantly later during the zeroing-in phase of the approach run in comparison to those utilized by the pole vaulters. These findings indicate that locomotor pointing control in the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault produce specific footfall variability patterns due to different task and environmental constraints that need to be taken into account during training and competition settings.

scholarly journals Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097339
Author(s):  
Shota Enoki ◽  
Mami Nagao ◽  
Soju Ishimatsu ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Rieko Kuramochi
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Muscle Rupture ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background: Athletes participating in track and field jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault) are exposed to ground-reaction forces on the takeoff leg that are several times their body weight. This can cause injuries specific to such activities. Purpose: To determine the incidence of injuries in collegiate jumpers using the guidelines set forth by a 2014 consensus statement on injury surveillance during track and field events. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A total of 51 jumpers between April 2016 and March 2017 and 54 jumpers between April 2017 and March 2018 participated in this study. All athletes were from a single college in Japan. Baseline information on athletes participating in the long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault was collected at study enrollment. Practice and competition exposures were reported by the team trainer. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Results: A total of 147 injuries were reported among 16,998 exposures (8.65 injuries per 1000 AEs). The most common injury locations were the posterior thigh and lateral ankle (17.0%), followed by the posterior foot or toe (12.9%); the most frequent type of injury was strain/muscle rupture/tear (21.1%). The most common injury for long jumpers was ankle sprain (23.3%); for high jumpers, flexor hallucis longus tendinosis (15.8%); and for pole vaulters, hamstring strain (13.2%). Conclusion: The overall characteristics are different for each event; therefore, injuries for each event need to be investigated.

scholarly journals The Importance of Lean Body Mass for the Rate of Force Development in Taekwondo Athletes and Track and Field Throwers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Kavvoura ◽  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Spyridon Methenitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Force Development ◽  
The Relationship

The rate of force development (RFD) is vital for power athletes. Lean body mass (LBM) is considered to be an essential contributor to RFD, nevertheless high RFD may be achieved by athletes with either high or low LBM. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between lower-body LBM and RFD, and to compare RFD in taekwondo athletes and track and field (T&F) throwers, the latter having higher LBM when compared to taekwondo athletes. Nine taekwondo athletes and nine T&F throwers were evaluated for countermovement jumping, isometric leg press and leg extension RFD, vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture and body composition. Lower body LBM was correlated with RFD 0–250 ms (r = 0.81, p = 0.016). Taekwondo athletes had lower LBM and jumping power per LBM. RFD was similar between groups at 30–50 ms, but higher for throwers at 80–250 ms. RFD adjusted for VL thickness was higher in taekwondo athletes at 30 ms, but higher in throwers at 200–250 ms. These results suggest that lower body LBM is correlated with RFD in power trained athletes. RFD adjusted for VL thickness might be more relevant to evaluate in power athletes with low LBM, while late RFD might be more relevant to evaluate in athletes with higher LBM.

The Relationship Between Prescribed, Perceived, and Actual Delivery Intensity in Cricket Pace Bowling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Simon A. Feros ◽  
Damon A. Bednarski ◽  
Peter J. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Warm Up ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between prescribed (preDI), perceived (perDI), and actual delivery intensity (actDI) in cricket pace bowling. Methods: Fourteen male club-standard pace bowlers (mean [SD]: age 24.2 [3.2] y) completed 1 bowling session comprising 45 deliveries. The first 15 deliveries composed the warm-up, where participants bowled 3 deliveries each at a preDI of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 95%. Bowlers reported the perDI after each delivery. The fastest delivery in the session was used as a reference to calculate relative ball-release speed for the warm-up deliveries, with this measure representing the actDI. Ball-release speed was captured by a radar gun. Results: For perDI, there was a very large relationship with preDI (rs = .90, P < .001). Similarly, for actDI, there was a large relationship with preDI (rs = .52, P < .001). Higher concordance was observed between perDI and preDI from 60% to 80% preDI. A plateau was observed for actDI from 70% to 95% preDI. Conclusions: The relationship between perDI and actDI was very large and large with respect to preDI, indicating that both variables can be used to monitor delivery intensity against the planned intensity and thus ensure healthy training adaptation. The optimal preDI that allowed pace bowlers to operate at submaximal perDI but still achieve close to maximal ball-release speeds was 70%. Bowling at the optimal preDI may significantly reduce the psychophysiological load per delivery in exchange for a trivial loss in ball-release speed.

Winning as American Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Cat M. Ariail
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Women Athletes ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Tennessee State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perfect Adherence

This chapter explores how black women athletes began to emerge as accepted exemplars of American identity after their performance at the inaugural US–Soviet Union dual track and field meet in Moscow in 1958. An almost perfect adherence to normative, white-defined gender expectations allowed black American track women to assume this symbolic status. These young women athletes, especially the sprinters and jumpers of Tennessee State University, now protected, rather than contested, the relationship between race, gender, and Americanness. The celebrated emergence of Wilma Rudolph ahead of and during the 1960 Olympic Games highlights the central role of heteronormativity in determining the boundaries of belonging in modern America.

Manipulator Task-Based Performance Optimization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalongrath Pholsiri ◽  
Chetan Kapoor ◽  
Delbert Tesar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Redundancy Resolution ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Output Constraints ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Joint Limits ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research uses new developments in redundancy resolution and real-time capability analysis to improve the ability of an articulated arm to satisfy task constraints. Task constraints are specified using numerical values of position, velocity, force, and accuracy. Inherent in the definition of task constraints is the number of output constraints that the system needs to satisfy. The relationship of this with the input space (degrees of freedom) defines the ability to optimize manipulator performance. This is done through a Task-Based Redundancy Resolution (TBRR) scheme that uses the extra resources to find a solution that avoids system constraints (joint limits, singularities, etc.) and satisfies task constraints. To avoid system constraints, we use well-understood criteria associated with the constraints. For task requirements, the robot capabilities are estimated based on kinematic and dynamic manipulability analyses. We then compare the robot capabilities with the user-specified requirement values. This eliminates a confusing chore of selecting a proper set of performance criteria for a task at hand. The breakthrough of this approach lies in the fact that it continuously evaluates the relationship between task constraints and system resources, and when possible, improves system performance. This makes it equally applicable to redundant and non-redundant systems. The scheme is implemented using an object-oriented operational software framework and its effectiveness is demonstrated in computer simulations of a 10-DOF manipulator.

scholarly journals An Examination of Approach Run Kinematics in Track and Field Jumping Events

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Makaruk ◽  
Marak Porter ◽  
Marcin Starzak ◽  
Edward Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Step Velocity ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Pole Vault

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in selected kinematics in the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault to highlight the unique movement pattern characteristics in the approach runs utilised in these events. Material and methods. Data were collected during 1 international and 2 national competitions from 36 male athletes (12 in each event) using an Optojump Next system. Results. This study showed the long jumpers achieved the highest mean step velocity, with the pole vaulters showing the lowest velocity. The velocity of the last step before the take-off was greater (p < 0.05) than the velocity of the penultimate step in all groups of athletes. The length of the last step before the take-off was greater (p < 0.01) than the length of the penultimate step in long jump and pole vault athletes compared to the triple jumpers. The long jumpers demonstrated less contact time (p < 0.01) than the pole vaulters. The contact time of the take-off leg was shorter (p < 0.01) compared to that of the non-take-off leg in pole vaulters. The pole vaulters demonstrated less flight time (p < 0.05) compared to the triple jumpers. Lastly, the flight time during the last step before the take-off was shorter (p < 0.01) than the flight time during the penultimate step in all groups. Conclusions. These findings revealed that each of the track and field jumping events required a distinctive approach run. Therefore, training workouts need to be designed specifically to train the unique gait pattern of the long jump, triple jump, and pole vault.

Opening the Black Box: The Influence of Perceived Diversity and a Common In-Group Identity in Diverse Groups

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Group Diversity ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervening Variables

Previous research on diversity has been criticized for failing to include intervening and process variables. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two intervening variables, perceived group diversity and a common in-group identity, on the relationship between group diversity and group outcomes. Data were collected from 45 track-and-field coaching staffs (N= 175 participants). Hierarchical-regression analysis revealed that actual diversity was positively related to perceptions of such differences, and, in turn, perceptions of diversity were related to a common in-group identity. Finally, a common in-group identity was negatively related to organizational turnover intentions of the group and positively related to two measures of group effectiveness. Theoretical contributions and implications for diverse groups are discussed.

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