The Relationship Between Prescribed, Perceived, and Actual Delivery Intensity in Cricket Pace Bowling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Simon A. Feros ◽  
Damon A. Bednarski ◽  
Peter J. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Warm Up ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between prescribed (preDI), perceived (perDI), and actual delivery intensity (actDI) in cricket pace bowling. Methods: Fourteen male club-standard pace bowlers (mean [SD]: age 24.2 [3.2] y) completed 1 bowling session comprising 45 deliveries. The first 15 deliveries composed the warm-up, where participants bowled 3 deliveries each at a preDI of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 95%. Bowlers reported the perDI after each delivery. The fastest delivery in the session was used as a reference to calculate relative ball-release speed for the warm-up deliveries, with this measure representing the actDI. Ball-release speed was captured by a radar gun. Results: For perDI, there was a very large relationship with preDI (rs = .90, P < .001). Similarly, for actDI, there was a large relationship with preDI (rs = .52, P < .001). Higher concordance was observed between perDI and preDI from 60% to 80% preDI. A plateau was observed for actDI from 70% to 95% preDI. Conclusions: The relationship between perDI and actDI was very large and large with respect to preDI, indicating that both variables can be used to monitor delivery intensity against the planned intensity and thus ensure healthy training adaptation. The optimal preDI that allowed pace bowlers to operate at submaximal perDI but still achieve close to maximal ball-release speeds was 70%. Bowling at the optimal preDI may significantly reduce the psychophysiological load per delivery in exchange for a trivial loss in ball-release speed.

scholarly journals Do Warmups Predict Pole Vault Competition Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Alex Peskin
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between pole vault warmup and competition performance in a sample of 16 collegiate vaulters over 60 observations. Pole vault athletes are given time to warm up in the same area that the competition will take place. This prompted investigation into whether better warmup performance could indicate better familiarity with the performance environment, and whether this could translate to the competition. The number of warmup vaults taken was also considered. Participants were observed during multiple warmup periods and data was collected on warmup performance. The findings indicate a significant correlation between instances in which participants displayed their best warmup scores and their best competition performances, likewise with their worst. Also, participants who took more warmup vaults performed significantly better on average. Athletes and coaches should consider implementing warmup practices that emphasize familiarizing oneself with their performance environment. KEYWORDS: Pole Vault; Track and Field; Warmups; Warmup Performance; Competition Performance; Performance Environment; Nested Task; Task Constraints

The associations between fast bowling technique and ball release speed: A pilot study of the within-bowler and between-bowler approaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Salter ◽  
Peter J. Sinclair ◽  
Marc R. Portus
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Release Speed

Kinematic Comparison of Team Handball Throwing With Two Different Arm Positions

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wagner ◽  
Michael Buchecker ◽  
Serge P. von Duvillard ◽  
Erich Müller
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Release Speed

Purpose:The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare the differences in the ball release speed and throwing accuracy between the ABOVE and SIDE throw; (2) to analyze kinematic differences of these two throwing techniques; and (3) to give practical applications to team handball coaches and players.Methods:Ball release speed, throwing accuracy, and kinematics were measured via the Vicon MX 13 (Vicon Peak, Oxford, UK) from 12 male elite right-handed team handball players.Results:Results of our study suggest that the two throwing techniques differ significantly (P < .0073) in the angles and/or angular velocities of the trunk (flexion, left tilt and rotation) and shoulder (flexion and abduction) of the throwing arm that result in a significantly different ball release speed (1.4 ± 0.8 m/s; P < .001) and that throwing accuracy was not significantly different.Conclusion:Our results indicated that the different position of the hand at ball release of the ABOVE and SIDE throws is primarily caused by different trunk flexion and tilt angles that lead to differences in ball release speed but not in throwing accuracy, and that the participants try to move their throwing arm similarly in both throwing techniques.

scholarly journals Estimation of the workload in horses during an eventing competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Valle ◽  
R. Odore ◽  
P.R. Zanatta ◽  
P. Badino ◽  
C. Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Curve Estimation ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate workload using suitable parameters related to the physical effort exerted by horses involved in eventing competitions in order to describe the workload intensity and energy demands placed upon such horses. Heart rate (HR), running speed (S), distance covered (Dist), performance duration (D) and blood lactate (Lact) concentrations were measured in horses competing at either the intermediate level (IL) or advanced level (AL) in order to identify workload differences between experience classes. Ten warmblood horses were monitored during an official two-day eventing competition; mean HR (HRmean, bpm), maximum HR (HRmax, bpm), mean S (Smean, m/min), max S (Smax, m/min), D (min) and Dist (m) were assessed during the warm-up and competition phases of each eventing test (dressage, show jumping, cross country). To calculate heart rate recovery (HRR), HR data were collected within the first 3 minutes following the completion of each of the 3 competition phases. Energy expenditure (EE) was estimated using the HR/VO2 relationship. Differences between the groups (AL vs. IL) in HRmean, HRmax, %HRmean, %HRpeak (HR expressed as a percentage of the maximum HR peak obtained during a fast gallop training session), S, D, and Dist were assessed using one-tailed unpaired t-tests for both warmup and competition phases; also differences for EE were evaluated. The relationship between HR and S was also determined for warm-up and competition phases using one-tailed Person's correlations. The relationship between HR decrease during the first 3 min following competition phase completion and recovery time was investigated by multiple nonlinear curve estimation procedures. The results reveal the cross country test to be the most demanding of the eventing competition, requiring significantly greater levels of muscular and energetic effort, in terms of Lact production and EE, with higher values recorded in the AL horses compared to IL horses. The data also show that riders need to optimise warm-up duration and quality in accordance with their competition category. The calculation of HRR is also shown to be an appropriate approach for gauging workload after high-intensity exercise, but not after low-intensity exercise since HRR may be influenced by external factors, like how excited a horse is.

The effects of strength training upon front foot contact ground reaction forces and ball release speed among high-level cricket pace bowlers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Jamie Tallent ◽  
Robert F. Chipchase ◽  
Warren A. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
High Level ◽  
Release Speed

scholarly journals Not as simple as it seems: Front foot contact kinetics, muscle function and ball release speed in cricket pace bowlers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel John Callaghan ◽  
Andrew David Govus ◽  
Robert George Lockie ◽  
Kane Jytte Middleton ◽  
Sophia Nimphius
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Release Speed

Do Fast Bowlers Fatigue in Cricket? A Paradox Between Player Anecdotes and Quantitative Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Maunder ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding ◽  
Simeon P. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Run Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Subjective Reports

The manifestations of fatigue during fast bowling in cricket were systematically evaluated using subjective reports by cricket experts and quantitative data published from scientific studies. Narratives by international players and team physiotherapists were sourced from the Internet using criteria for opinion-based evidence. Research articles were evaluated for high-level fast bowlers who delivered 5- to 12-over spells with at least 1 quantitative fatigue measure. Anecdotes indicate that a long-term loss of bowling speed, tiredness, mental fatigue, and soreness occur. Scientific research shows that ball-release speed, bowling accuracy, bowling action (technique), run-up speed, and leg-muscle power are generally well maintained during bowling simulations. However, bowlers displaying excessive shoulder counterrotation toward the end of a spell also show a fall in accuracy. A single notable study involving bowling on 2 successive days in the heat showed reduced ball-release speed (–4.4 km/h), run-up speed (–1.3 km/h), and accuracy. Moderate to high ratings of perceived exertion transpire with simulations and match play (6.5–7.5 Borg CR-10 scale). Changes of blood lactate, pH, glucose, and core temperature appear insufficient to impair muscle function, although several potential physiological fatigue factors have not been investigated. The limited empirical evidence for bowling-induced fatigue appears to oppose player viewpoints and indicates a paradox. However, this may not be the case since bowling simulations resemble the shorter formats of the game but not multiday (test match) cricket or the influence of an arduous season, and comments of tiredness, mental fatigue, and soreness signify phenomena different from what scientists measure as fatigue.

scholarly journals Effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics in young basketball players: a case study (Efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento sobre el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto: un caso de estu

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Pedro Grenha ◽  
José Moura ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Pedro Fonseca ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Experimental Group

  The current study intended to investigate the effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics of young basketball players. Fourteen male basketball players aged 16.64±.50 years, divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=7), were assessed on free-throw, two-point and three-point shooting performance and on four kinematic parameters (release height, release angle, release speed and trajectory variability), before and after a five-week training program. During the five-week period, the experimental group accomplished a shooting training program that included 600 shots per week. Both groups maintained their regular basketball practice. The results show that the experimental group significantly increased their shooting performance on three-point (p<.05) and on free-throw (p<.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in three-point ball release angle (p<.05) and a significant increase in free-throw ball release height (p<.05) were observed in the experimental group, while the control group significantly increased the two-point ball release speed (p<.05). In conclusion, self-shooting basketball practice, in addition to formal practice, significantly improves shooting performance of young basketball players. In contrast, the reduced changes on the analysed kinematic parameters caused by the self-training program are most likely a consequence of the absence of external feedback during training process.  Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento en el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Catorce jugadores de baloncesto masculinos, de 16.64±0.50 años, divididos en grupo de control (n=7) y grupo experimental (n=7), fueron evaluados en el rendimiento de tiro libre, de dos puntos y de tres puntos y en cuatro parámetros cinemáticos (altura de liberación, ángulo de liberación, velocidad de liberación y variabilidad de la trayectoria), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento de cinco semanas. Durante el período de cinco semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un programa de entrenamiento de tiro que incluía 600 tiros por semana. Ambos grupos mantuvieron su práctica regular de baloncesto. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente su rendimiento en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y en el tiro libre (p<.05). Además, se observó, en el grupo experimental, una disminución significativa del ángulo de liberación en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y un aumento significativo de la altura de liberación en el tiro libre (p<.05), mientras que el grupo de control aumentó significativamente la velocidad de liberación en el tiro de dos pontos (p<.05). En conclusión, la autopráctica de tiro en baloncesto, además de la práctica formal, mejora significativamente el rendimiento de tiro de los jugadores jóvenes. Por el contrario, los cambios reducidos en los parámetros cinemáticos analizados son probablemente una consecuencia de la ausencia de corrección externa durante el proceso de autoentrenamiento.

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