scholarly journals Radiation-ecological and toxicological characterization of the Uzh river water

2016 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
I. Shumyhay
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides

The hydrosphere is one of the main tanks, which eventually received artificial radionuclides produced in nuclear explosions and in the operation of nuclear power plants. When accidents at nuclear power plants, in particular the Chernobyl large contribution to the total emissions of radioactivity have long-lived radionuclides — 90Sr and 137Cs. Sources of contamination of river water after the accident were like immediate loss of aerosols on the water surface, and radionuclide contaminated surface water runoff from the watershed and soil particles during the rainy or melting snow, a local radionuclide contaminated tributaries waters that it led to their entry into the rivers and the transfer to the water streams down to the Black Sea. Migration of the latter in the aquatic environment is considered in this article. We determined the concentration of artificial radionuclides in the waters of the river Uzh on the territory of Kiev region and their danger to fish fauna. It has been found that 137Cs and 90Sr in water are mainly in the form of solution. Also, the vast amount of radionuclides in the ecosystem is situated in bottom sediments. As a result of the Chernobyl accident radionuclide contamination of aquatic ecosystems has become a permanent factor of influence on the life of aquatic organisms. Comparison of 90Sr and 137Cs in fish with different types of food shows that ichthyophagi contained more radionuclides than planktonofagi. Pit-trap polluted sludge played a significant role for water purification process from radionuclides.

scholarly journals Assessment of High-Electrification UK Scenarios with Varying Levels of Nuclear Power and Associated Post-Fault Behaviour

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hadri ◽  
Vincenzo Trovato ◽  
Agnes Bialecki ◽  
Bruno Merk ◽  
Aiden Peakman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
System Level ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Potential System

Renewable integration into the electricity system of Great Britain (GB) is causing considerable demand for additional flexibility from plants. In particular, a considerable share of this flexibility may be dispatched to secure post-fault transient frequency dynamics. Pursuant to the unprecedented changes to the traditional portfolio of generation sources, this work presents a detailed analysis of the potential system-level value of unlocking flexibility from nuclear electricity production. A rigorous enhanced mixed integer linear programming (MILP) unit commitment formulation is adopted to simulate several generation-demand scenarios where different layers of flexibility are associated to the operation of nuclear power plants. Moreover, the proposed optimisation model is able to assess the benefit of the large contribution to the system inertial response provided by nuclear power plants. This is made possible by considering a set of linearised inertia-dependent and multi-speed constraints on post fault frequency dynamics. Several case studies are introduced considering 2050 GB low-carbon scenarios. The value of operating the nuclear fleet under more flexible paradigms is assessed, including environmental considerations quantified in terms of system-level CO2 emissions’ reduction.

Work structure in nuclear power plants

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Bauman ◽  
Richard F. Pain ◽  
Harold P. Van Cott ◽  
Margery K. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Work Structure

Life Extension of Nuclear Power Plants: World Situation and the USA Case

2010 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo T. León ◽  
Loreto Cuesta ◽  
Eduardo Serra ◽  
Luis Yagüe
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
The Usa

Evaluation of System Effectiveness of Multifunctional Hydrogen Complex at Nuclear Power Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
R. Z. Aminov ◽  
A. N. Bayramov ◽  
M. V. Garievskii
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Main Equipment ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of the primary current frequency regulation in the power system, as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units under the conditions of involvement in the primary regulation. According to these requirements, the operation of NPPs is associated with unloading and a corresponding decrease in efficiency. In this regard, the combination of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex is shown to eliminate the inefficient discharge mode which allows the steam turbine equipment and equipment of the reactor facility to operate in the basic mode at the nominal power level. In addition, conditions are created for the generation and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen during the day, as well as additionally during the nighttime failure of the electrical load which allows them to be used to generate peak power.  The purpose of the article is to assess the systemic economic effect as a result of the participation of nuclear power plants in combination with the hydrogen complex in the primary control of the current frequency in the power sys-tem, taking into account the resource costs of the main equipment. In this regard, the paper gives the justification of cyclic loading of the main equipment of the hydrogen complex: metal storage tanks of hydrogen and oxygen, compressor units, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber of vapor-hydrogen overheating of the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. The methodological foundations for evaluating the working life of equipment under cyclic loading with the participation in the primary frequency control by the criterion of the growth rate of a fatigue crack are described. For the equipment of the hydrogen complex, the highest intensity of loading is shown to occur in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber due to high thermal stresses.  The system economic effect is estimated and the effect of wear of the main equipment under cyclic loading is shown. Under the conditions of combining NPP power units with a hydrogen complex, the efficiency of primary reg-ulation is shown to depend significantly on: the cost of equipment subjected to cyclic loading; frequency and intensity of cyclic loading; the ratio of the tariff for peak electricity, and the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants.  Based on the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the participation of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex in the primary frequency control, taking into account the damage to the equipment, the use of the hydrogen complex is shown to provide a tangible economic effect compared with the option of unloading nuclear power plants with direct participation in frequency control.

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