scholarly journals Impact of metabolic biopreparations based on soil streptomycetes on productivity of spring wheat

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
L. Biliavska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Active Substances

It has been established the new multifunctional metabolic bioformulations based on a set of biologically active substances from soil sreptomycetes Avercom, with the addition of elicitors of salicylic acid or chitosan, Violar and Phytovit promote the growth of microorganisms of major ecological and functional groups in the root area of spring wheat, and they increase the activity of the enzyme phenylanine- ammonia-lyase (PAL) in plant cells that indicates the induction of plant resistance to pathogens. This reduces the destruction of plants of spring wheat by the root rot and plant-parasitic nematodes. As a consequence of the action of Averсom nova-2, Violar and Phytovit the grain yield increased by 16.9–32.5% relative to control and 10.9–25.7% compared with chemical disinfectant Vitavaks 200 FF. At the same time the quality grain and proficiency were increased. The reduction of pesticide load on agrocenoses, an improvement of the ecological condition and the raise of productivity of agroecosystems can be achieved by using the new multifunctional metabolic bioformulations.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF DIASOTROPHS, CAPABLE TO FORM EFFECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS WITH WHEAT PLANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Gonchar
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Wheat Seeds

It is carried out a screening of diazotrophs, allocated from rhizosphere and rhizoplane of wheat plants of 13 sorts. It is shown, that strain Azospirillum sp. 77, allocated from rhizoplane of a spring wheat of sort Varyag, was characterized by the greatest nitrogenase activity. Inoculation of wheat seeds by specified strain promoted the increase of its germination on 22,3 % and dry weight of sprouts increase on 18,2 % in comparison with the control, that testifies the ability of Azospirillum sp. 77 to produce biologically active substances. The researched strain causes deformations of root fuzz that confirms the ability of Azospirillum sp. 77 to cause reaction on inoculation of wheat plants sorts Varyag. According to preliminary screening it is selected the strain, which capable to form effective associations with wheat plants.

scholarly journals Improvement of spring wheat cultivation technologies for sustainable development of agriculture in the Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Sergeeva ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Gusakova ◽  
Yulia Mikhailovna Andryanova ◽  
Yulia Mikhailovna Mokhonko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Active Substances

The use of synthetic biologically active substances in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat contributes to an increase in its productivity, stable, high yields, and, consequently, to   a sustainable and effective development of agriculture. In the course of our research, we studied the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with selenium-containing biologically active substances with varying agrophones on the production process of spring wheat in the conditions of leached chernozems of the Saratov Right Bank. The stimulating effect of biologically active substances (selenochromylium perchlorate   and selenochromene) on the sowing qualities of spring wheat (Belyanka and Prokhorovka varieties) was established. A significant increase in the yield of the studied varieties of soft spring wheat was  during inoculation of seeds with solutions of selenochromylium perchlorate   and selenochromene. The application  of biologically active substances, especially selenium-containing substances, increased the payback of mineral fertilizers with an additional harvest. The selenochromene  preparation on the crops of the Prokhorovka variety was the most effective. It is shown that the application  of biologically active substances is an effective way to increase the productivity of agricultural crops.

scholarly journals Influence of soil alletoxicity on grain seeds growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorepyokin ◽  
◽  
G.N. Fedotov ◽  
V.S. Shalaev ◽  
Yu.P. Batyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
The One ◽  
Active Substances

The allelotoxicity influence of 12 samples of Great Russian Plain soils on the seed germination of different cultivars of spring wheat was assessed. Based on the obtained data it is concluded that the effect of biologically active substances (BAS) on seed germination is due, on the one hand, to the content of these substances in the soils, and on the other hand, to the various content in seeds of BAS required for their development. The supposition about the existence of a common mechanism to protect the seed from the negative influence of soil allelotoxins is made.

scholarly journals Effects of Crop Rotations and Tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the Semiarid Pacific Northwest United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽  
Larry C. Pritchett ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting rainfed cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest from a 2-year rotation of winter wheat and cultivated fallow to direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food legume and brassica crops. Little information is available regarding effects of these changes on plant-parasitic nematodes. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years. Each phase of each rotation occurred each year. The density of Pratylenchus spp. was greater in cultivated than chemical fallow, became greater with increasing frequency of host crops, and was inversely associated with precipitation (R2 = 0.92, α < 0.01). Densities after harvesting mustard, spring wheat, winter wheat, and winter pea were greater (α < 0.01) than after harvesting spring barley or spring pea. Camelina also produced low densities. Winter wheat led to a greater density of Pratylenchus neglectus and spring wheat led to a greater density of P. thornei. Density of Pratylenchus spp. was correlated (R2 = 0.88, α < 0.01) but generally higher when detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracts from soil than when detected by a traditional method. Selection of different Pratylenchus spp. by different wheat cultivars or growth habit must be addressed to minimize the level of nematode risk to future plantings of intolerant crops.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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