The Effect of Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) in Combination with Different Sources and Forms of Calcium Carbonate on Acid-Base Balance and Eggshell Quality

ABSTRACT: Urolithiasis is a common disorder in the veterinary clinic and is considered as one of the most frequently cause of morbidity. This disorder is closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation it is possible to modify the urinary pH. Sulfur is considered macroelement with a strong influence on the acid-base status and may be crucial to control urinary pH in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of different sources of sulfur (S) in the diet of cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance. Forty-two healthy adult cats were divided into 3 groups, and each group of 14 cats received 7 diets in a complete randomized block design. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DL-methionine (DLM) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) were added to a control diet in two levels (1.28g S/kg and 2.56g S/kg) to formulate 6 other experimental diets. The acid-base balance was evaluated by hemogasometry in samples of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (P<0.05). Calcium sulfate; although, not differentiated from the control diet, has been shown to alter urinary pH despite its zero electrolyte balance. Apparently, the alkalizing effect of calcium was not sufficient to avoid sulfate acidification of the urine. Treatments showed no alteration of the acid-base balance of the animals and no affect the consumption of the diets.

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Effects of Dietary Minerals on Acid-Base Balance and Eggshell Quality in Chickens

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/120.11.1360 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 120 (11) ◽

pp. 1360-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kavous Keshavarz ◽

Richard E. Austic

Keyword(s):

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Base Balance ◽

Dietary Minerals

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Effect of Sodium Aluminosilicate, Oyster Shell, and Their Combinations on Acid-Base Balance and Eggshell Quality

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0700313 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 313-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

KAVOUS KESHAVARZ ◽

CHARLES C. McCORMICK

Keyword(s):

Oyster Shell ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Base Balance

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Respiratory gases and acid-base balance in shell-less avian embryos

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.143.1.529 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 529-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Rowlett ◽

K. Simkiss

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Base Excess ◽

Normal Function ◽

Functional Area ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Avian Embryos ◽

Plasma Bicarbonate ◽

Base Balance ◽

Respiratory Gases

1. The PCO2 and PO2 levels of oxygenated and deoxygenated embryonic blood were measured in normal and shell-less cultured embryos. 2. Embryos in shell-less culture were both hypoxic and hypocapnic, suggesting that wetting the respiratory membranes and the reduction in their functional area is distorting their normal function. 3. Despite this hypocapnia, there was evidence for an increase in base excess during incubation. This suggests that plasma bicarbonate is derived from renal sources rather than by resorbing the eggshell calcium carbonate, which is, of course, absent from shell-less cultures.

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Effect of calcium sources in the diets of adult cats on urinary parameters and acid-base balance

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5796 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 2133-2138

Author(s):

Dóris P. Halfen ◽

Alexandre M. Kessler ◽

Luciano Trevizan ◽

Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽

João P.F. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Calcium Gluconate ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Urinary Ph ◽

Base Balance ◽

Calcium Sources ◽

Adult Cats

ABSTRACT: Calcium is a macroelement that is part of the mineral composition of the diet of companion animals, and is considered a cation of strong alkalizing power, increasing urinary pH. Calcium salts have different solubilities and depending on the anion to which calcium is associated with, it can be more or less absorbed, modifying the pH of the urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of calcium sources on alkalinization of urinary pH, as well as excretion of urinary electrolytes and acid-base balance of adult cats. An extruded diet for cats was selected, and had 160mEq/kg of calcium from the sources of either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcium gluconate (C12H22CaO14) added. In the control treatment there was no addition of calcium sources, resulting in three treatments. Nine adult cats were used, mixed breed, in two experimental periods, with six replicates per treatment. Animal average age was 4±1.3 years old and average weight was 3.96±0.71kg. The cats remained in metabolic cages for an adaptation period of seven days, followed by six days of urine total collection, with volume, density, pH and calcium concentration (g/d) measurements. The acid-base balance was studied by blood gas analysis of venous blood. The two sources of calcium alkalinized the urine (P<0.001). However, calcium gluconate had less alkalinization power compared to the calcium carbonate (P<0.05). Urinary calcium was not affected by treatments, and represented less than 0.5% of calcium intake. The experiment showed that calcium, although an alkaline cation and considered strong influencer of the EB of the diet, cannot be evaluated individually, because depending on its associated anion it may have greater or lesser influence on cats urine pH.

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Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (3-4) ◽

pp. 0206-0217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽

Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽

Mohsen Karamati ◽

Bahram Rashidkhani

Keyword(s):

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

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