scholarly journals Different sources of sulfur in diets of adult cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóris Pereira Halfen ◽  
Alexandre de Mello Kessler ◽  
Luciano Trevizan ◽  
Juliana Toloi Jeremias ◽  
Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Urinary Parameters ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT: Urolithiasis is a common disorder in the veterinary clinic and is considered as one of the most frequently cause of morbidity. This disorder is closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation it is possible to modify the urinary pH. Sulfur is considered macroelement with a strong influence on the acid-base status and may be crucial to control urinary pH in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of different sources of sulfur (S) in the diet of cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance. Forty-two healthy adult cats were divided into 3 groups, and each group of 14 cats received 7 diets in a complete randomized block design. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DL-methionine (DLM) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) were added to a control diet in two levels (1.28g S/kg and 2.56g S/kg) to formulate 6 other experimental diets. The acid-base balance was evaluated by hemogasometry in samples of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (P<0.05). Calcium sulfate; although, not differentiated from the control diet, has been shown to alter urinary pH despite its zero electrolyte balance. Apparently, the alkalizing effect of calcium was not sufficient to avoid sulfate acidification of the urine. Treatments showed no alteration of the acid-base balance of the animals and no affect the consumption of the diets.

scholarly journals Effect of calcium sources in the diets of adult cats on urinary parameters and acid-base balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2133-2138
Author(s):  
Dóris P. Halfen ◽  
Alexandre M. Kessler ◽  
Luciano Trevizan ◽  
Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽  
João P.F. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Adult Cats

ABSTRACT: Calcium is a macroelement that is part of the mineral composition of the diet of companion animals, and is considered a cation of strong alkalizing power, increasing urinary pH. Calcium salts have different solubilities and depending on the anion to which calcium is associated with, it can be more or less absorbed, modifying the pH of the urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of calcium sources on alkalinization of urinary pH, as well as excretion of urinary electrolytes and acid-base balance of adult cats. An extruded diet for cats was selected, and had 160mEq/kg of calcium from the sources of either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcium gluconate (C12H22CaO14) added. In the control treatment there was no addition of calcium sources, resulting in three treatments. Nine adult cats were used, mixed breed, in two experimental periods, with six replicates per treatment. Animal average age was 4±1.3 years old and average weight was 3.96±0.71kg. The cats remained in metabolic cages for an adaptation period of seven days, followed by six days of urine total collection, with volume, density, pH and calcium concentration (g/d) measurements. The acid-base balance was studied by blood gas analysis of venous blood. The two sources of calcium alkalinized the urine (P<0.001). However, calcium gluconate had less alkalinization power compared to the calcium carbonate (P<0.05). Urinary calcium was not affected by treatments, and represented less than 0.5% of calcium intake. The experiment showed that calcium, although an alkaline cation and considered strong influencer of the EB of the diet, cannot be evaluated individually, because depending on its associated anion it may have greater or lesser influence on cats urine pH.

Acid-base balance and plasma composition in the aestivating lungfish (Protopterus)

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. R10-R17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. DeLaney ◽  
S. Lahiri ◽  
R. Hamilton ◽  
P. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Plasma Composition ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Upon entering into aestivation, Protopterus aethiopicus develops a respiratory acidosis. A slow compensatory increase in plasma bicarbonate suffices only to partially restore arterial pH toward normal. The cessation of water intake from the start of aestivation results in hemoconcentration and marked oliguria. The concentrations of most plasma constituents continue to increase progressively, and the electrolyte ratios change. The increase in urea concentration is disproportionately high for the degree of dehydration and constitutes an increasing fraction of total plasma osmolality. Acid-base and electrolyte balance do not reach a new equilibrium within 1 yr in the cocoon.

scholarly journals Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and Ion Transport Between Body Fluid Compartments

Physiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian L. Seifter ◽  
Hsin-Yun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Fluid Compartments

Clinical assessment of acid-base disorders depends on measurements made in the blood, part of the extracellular compartment. Yet much of the metabolic importance of these disorders concerns intracellular events. Intracellular and interstitial compartment acid-base balance is complex and heterogeneous. This review considers the determinants of the extracellular fluid pH related to the ion transport processes at the interface of cells and the interstitial fluid, and between epithelial cells lining the transcellular contents of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts that open to the external environment. The generation of acid-base disorders and the associated disruption of electrolyte balance are considered in the context of these membrane transporters. This review suggests a process of internal and external balance for pH regulation, similar to that of potassium. The role of secretory gastrointestinal epithelia and renal epithelia with respect to normal pH homeostasis and clinical disorders are considered. Electroneutrality of electrolytes in the ECF is discussed in the context of reciprocal changes in Cl−or non Cl−anions and [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Effect of Simulated Matches on Post-Exercise Biochemical Parameters in Women’s Indoor and Beach Handball

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Joanna Kamińska ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Jakub Kryściak ◽  
Maciej Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

This study assesses the status of hydration and the acid-base balance in female handball players in the Polish Second League before and after simulated matches in both indoor (hall) and beach (outdoor) conditions. The values of biochemical indicators useful for describing water-electrolyte management, such as osmolality, hematocrit, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and magnesium, were determined in the players’ fingertip capillary blood. Furthermore, the blood parameters of the acid-base balance were analysed, including pH, standard base excess, lactate and bicarbonate ion concentration. Additionally, the pH and specific gravity of the players’ urine were determined. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. It was found that both indoor and beach simulated matches caused post-exercise changes in the biochemical profiles of the players’ blood and urine in terms of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Interestingly, the location of a simulated match (indoors vs. beach) had a statistically significant effect on only two of the parameters measured post-exercise: concentration of calcium ions (lower indoors) and urine pH (lower on the beach). A single simulated game, regardless of its location, directly affected the acid-base balance and, to a smaller extent, the water-electrolyte balance, depending mostly on the time spent physically active during the match.

Endocrine and metabolic emergencies

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Base Balance

This chapter covers common metabolic disorders, principally disorders of glucose control, acid–base balance, and electrolyte balance. The nursing assessment and management of thyroid and adrenal gland emergencies are also covered.

Renal regulation of acid-base balance in the bullfrog

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisato Yoshimura ◽  
Masateru Yata ◽  
Minoru Yuasa ◽  
Robert A. Wolbach
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Renal Carbonic Anhydrase

Renal mechanisms for the maintenance of acid-base balance were studied in the normal bullfrog, during metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and after carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Following intravenous administration of 0.3–12 mmole HCl/ kg, as 0.1 n HCl, urinary pH (initially pH 6.3–7.7) did not change significantly. However, urinary ammonia excretion increased more than twofold, and within 3–5 days the cumulative increase was equivalent to the acid load given. Despite the increased ammonia excretion, chloride excretion did not increase after acid loading. In both normal and acidotic bullfrogs ammonia excretion was correlated with an increase in urinary pH. Respiratory acidosis in the small frog, Rana limnocharis, produced by exposure to 6.4% CO2 in air, induced neither urinary acidification nor increased ammonia excretion; both urinary sodium and bicarbonate excretion increased. When renal carbonic anhydrase was inhibited by acetazoleamide injection, urine flow, sodium excretion, and bicarbonate excretion increased markedly, urinary pH increased slightly, and urinary ammonia excretion remained unchanged. These renal responses to acidosis are compared with those of the acidotic dog.

Some Acid-Base Balance-Dependent Urinary Parameters and Calcium-Binding Anions in Stone Formers

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Vogel ◽  
Peter Leskovar ◽  
Wolfgang Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Urinary Parameters

scholarly journals Influence of Acid-Base Balance on Efficacy and Toxicity of Drugs

1965 ◽  
Vol 58 (11P2) ◽  
pp. 961-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Milne
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Physiological Property ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Weak Acids ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Dependent

Changes in acid-base balance have a profound influence on many aspects of the action of drugs. This is illustrated by data on the absorption of drugs from the stomach and intestine, in changes in distribution of drugs between plasma and cells, and the effect of change in urinary pH. As a general principle, these changes in the pharmacology of weak acids and bases are governed by physicochemical principles, which influence the proportion of the ionized and unionized components according to the pH of the medium and also to the peculiar property of biological membranes which allow the free passage of the lipoid-soluble unionized component and impede transfer of the water-soluble ionized fraction. Lipoid-soluble weak acids are excreted at higher clearances in alkaline urine, and conversely weak bases in acid urine. This is shown to be of practical importance in the treatment of poisoning, in the diagnosis of addiction to drugs and in studies of drug metabolism. In general, the excretion of natural metabolites is less likely to be influenced by urinary pH, as these substances are usually less lipoid-soluble than many widely used drugs. pH-dependent excretion is, however, of practical importance in relation to the urinary content of many indolic metabolites and also in the excretion of pigments derived from the degradation of hæmoglobin. Urobilinogen excretion is certainly pH-dependent, a higher clearance rate occurring in alkaline urine. However, work is necessary to decide whether some of the porphyrins also show this important physiological property.

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