Fermentation Dynamics of Ethiopian Traditional Beer (Tella) as Influenced by Substitution of Gesho (Rhamnus prinoides) with Moringa stenopetala: An Innovation for Nutrition

This study was designed to improve Ethiopian traditional beer (tella) with the substitution of gesho by moringa leaves to enhance micronutrients. Substitution of gesho by moringa from 50 to 100% against the biochemical dynamics and nutritional and sensorial profiles of tella was assessed. Incorporation of moringa suppressed the activity of yeast and favored those of lactic acid bacteria, which shifted the properties of the product from a mild alcoholic nature to a low alcoholic and mild acidic nature, revealing the probiotic potential of tella. Moringa leaves at 100% substitution for gesho resulted in the least yeast count compared to the other formulations. The storage of tella samples over periods of 10 days also strengthened the probiotic nature of tella by drastically reducing the yeast cell counts (from 5 logs to <1). This corresponded to the slow increase in the acidity (0.63 to 0.99%), indicating comparatively higher activity of lactic acid bacteria. The best nutritional contents (dietary minerals) and sensorial acceptance of the product were attained at the 50% substitution of gesho by moringa. The implication of the present study is that ethnic foods and beverages can be innovated to meet the nutritional needs of the community.

The Association between Selected Dietary Minerals and Mastitis in Dairy Cows—A Review

The aim of this paper is to describe the association between selected dietary minerals and mastitis in dairy cows. Minerals are a group of nutrients with a proven effect on production and reproductive performance. They also strongly affect immune system function. In particular their deficiencies may result in immunosuppression, which is a predisposing factor for udder inflammation occurrence. The role of selected dietary minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, copper and zinc) has been reviewed. Generally, minerals form structural parts of the body; as cofactors of various enzymes they are involved in nerve signaling, muscle contraction and proper keratosis. Their deficiencies lead to reduced activity of immune cells or malfunction of teat innate defense mechanisms, which in turn promote the development of mastitis. Special attention was also paid to minerals applied as nanoparticles, which in the future may turn out to be an effective tool against animal diseases, including mastitis. To conclude, minerals are an important group of nutrients, which should be taken into account on dairy farms when aiming to achieve high udder health status.

Ash content in fruit samples of the Actinidia kolomikta genetic collection

Among the representatives of the Actinidia Lindl. genus, Actinidia kolomikta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. is valued as the most winter-hardy variety with high taste and dietary properties. The Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery has a live collection of Actinidia, which includes more than a hundred cultivated forms and varieties. In this study, ash content in Actinidia kolomikta fruits of 10 varieties and collection samples was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using an analytical scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM6090 LA. A decreasing series was established for the accumulation of ash elements in the fruits of the studied samples: Ca> K> P> Mg> Mo> S> Se> Zn> Fe> Co> Si> Na. In terms of accumulation of useful macro- and micronutrients, the most valuable varieties were identified. The total accumulation of macronutrients in the fruit ash ranged from 28.6 to 45.3 wt%. This indicator was the highest in the fruits of Dolgovechnaya, Uslada and Vinogradnaya (42.068–45.638 wt%). The fruits of the Uslada variety were distinguished by a high content of phosphorus (5.89), silicon (0.504), sulfur (1.34) and potassium (23.596 wt%). In terms of micronutrient accumulation, the Pamyati Kolbasinoj variety (4.904 wt%) showed the highest levels of molybdenum (3.804) and selenium (0.801 wt%). Iron accumulated more readily in the fruits of the Uslada variety (0.161), cobalt — in Nadezhda (0.157), zinc — in Vinogradnaya (0.247) and Chempion (0.195). A statistically significant positive correlation (r > 0.7) was revealed in the accumulation of the following pairs of ash elements: sodium — sulfur (r = 0.70), phosphorus — potassium (r = 0.75), silicon — iron (r = 0.76), as well as molybdenum with phosphorus (r = 0.84), sulfur (r = 0.83) and potassium (r = 0.71). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed only for the accumulation of phosphorus and calcium (r = -0.71). According to the results, the fruits of the Actinidia kolomikta varieties under study can be an additional or alternative source of dietary minerals in functional food products.

Fermentation Dynamics of Ethiopian Traditional Beer (Tella) As Influenced by Substitution of Gesho (Rhamnus prinoides) With Moringa Stenopetala as Innovation for Nutrition

This study was designed to improve Ethiopian traditional beer &ndash; tella with the substitution of gesho by moringa leaves to enhance micronutrients. Substation of gesho by moringa from 50 &ndash; 100% against the biochemical dynamics, nutritional and sensorial profiles of tella was assessed. Incorporation of moringa suppressed the activities of yeast and favored that of lactic acid bacteria, which shifted the property of the product from mild alcoholic nature to low alcoholic and mild acidic nature, revealing the probiotic potential of tella. Moringa leaves at 100% substitution for gesho resulted in to the least yeast count compared to the other formulations. The storage of tella samples over periods of 10 days also strengthened the probiotic nature of tella by drastically reducing the yeast cell counts (from 5 logs to &amp;lt;1). This corresponded to the slow increase in the acidity (0.63 to 0.99%), indicating comparatively higher activities of lactic acid bacteria. The best nutritional contents (dietary minerals) and sensorial acceptance of the product was attained at the 50% substitution of gesho by moringa. The implication of the present study is that ethnic foods and beverages can be innovated to meet the nutritional needs of the community

Mineral profile and dietary mineral supplements on the concentrations of some minerals in the brain regions of pigs.

The nervous system though largely electrical in action is "powered" by its content of minerals which exist in ionic forms in nature and play a major role in neural action, membrane permeability and excitation. 20 grower boars were randomly assigned to two dietary groups of 10 boars each. The first ration was a conventional grower feed without vitamin/mineral premix while the second diet was supplemented with Agricare® premix* and more common salt than the conventional diet. The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at 60kg body weight. The brains were dissected out into six brain parts namely: cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata, and immediately analysed for electrolytes. Calcium in the cerebellum and hypothalamus of mineral-supplemented pigs was significantly higher (P<0.05) than concentrations in the pigs on unsupplemented diets. Calcium concentrations in the other brain regions did not show significant differences. Sodium concentrations were relatively stable in all the brain parts irrespective of dietary mineral supplementation although higher concentrations were recorded in the brain parts of pigs on mineral supplemented diets. However, sodium concentrations were higher in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the mineral-supplemented pigs with values of 15.0 mg di and 14.8 mg dt- which are significantly (P<0.05) higher than concentrations of 11.8 mg dr and11.3 mg dr respectively recorded for the pigs on the unsupplemented diet. This study has established a direct link between dietary minerals and salt on the mineral content of the pig brain

Influence of feeding different calcium levels in layers diet on the mineral content ofthe eggs and shells

This study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding calcium levels in layers' diet on the mineral content of the eggs and shells. One hundred and twenty black Harco layers which were 42 weeks old were randomly assigned to four treatment groups designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4 in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates which had 10 birds each. The set of 10 hens were kept in each demarcation in an open-sided poultry house (deep litter) well-constructed with cages for egg collection. The calcium inclusion levels in the diets were: T1= 2.5 %, T2= 3.5 % (control), T2= 4.5 % and T4= 5.5%. Daily routine practices such as feeding, cleaning, and environmental sanitation werecarried out to ensure better results. Hygienic condition and routine management practices were also carried out during the experimental period. At the end of 12 weeks of study six eggs were collected per replicate (18 eggs per treatment) for the study of the mineral content of the egg and the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentration of the eggshell. From the result obtained, the egg minerals were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the diets except the phosphorus and sodium (Na) content. Treatment 4 had a significantly higher level of calcium while the lowest was T1. Furthermore, T1 had the highest level of potassium (K) which was significantly different (P<0.05) from others while the lowest was T4. The calcium content of the egg shell was significantly (P<0.05) different amongst the treatment groups with T1 having the highest level while T4 had the lowest. The phosphorus content of the shell was also significantly (P<0.05) affected across the treatment groups with T1 having the highest level of phosphorus and the lowest in T2. It was therefore concluded that increasing the level of calcium up to 5.5% may favor dietary minerals and the nutrition of man who are the end users of egg since Ca plays a vital role in body metabolism.

Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon

Twelve minerals were screened to identify key dietary minerals important for Penaeus monodon growth. The minerals selected included boron, calcium plus phosphorus (assessed in tandem at a 1:1 ratio), cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, strontium and zinc. Twelve purified casein/gelatin-based diets were formulated and contained minerals at two levels: below expected requirements, as attributed by the basal formulation (−) and above expected requirements by adding inorganic minerals (+). The two levels were allocated to dietary treatments in juvenile prawns in accordance with the PB design. A two-level screening analysis was employed where effect of each mineral at level − or + across twelve diets were compared to identify the minerals of importance for culture performance of juvenile prawns. Calcium plus phosphorus (at a 1:1 ratio), magnesium, boron, manganese, selenium and zinc produced the greatest positive effects on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, biomass gain and nutrient/energy retention. Particularly, boron and manganese significantly increased retention of key macronutrients and energy including gross energy, crude protein and crude lipid. Our study demonstrates the importance of several macro and trace minerals in prawn diets and the pressing need to refine their requirements for P. monodon.

Astrological Parlance of Macro and Micro Nutrients

The dietary minerals are astro-elements . They maintain normal biochemical physiology and anatomical strength. Their deficiencies under unfavorable planetary configurations cause health-maladies.

Heterosis Breeding in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): Gains and Provocations

Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) results in a hybrid’s phenotypic superiority over its founder parents for quantitative and qualitative traits. Hybrid vigor is defined by mechanisms such as dominant complementation, over-dominance, and epistasis. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an essential vegetable crop and a good source of dietary minerals, vitamins, and anthocyanins, with a high oxygen radical absorbance capacity and low caloric value. Given the economic and nutritional significance of eggplants, breeding efforts focus on developing high-yielding varieties—mostly F1 hybrids—with important traits. Studies indicate the successful exploitation of heterosis in the eggplant for a considerable improvement with respect to quantitative traits. In this direction, estimating heterosis for yield-related traits could well be useful for examining the most beneficial hybrid mix with the exploitation of top-quality hybrid. This review examines the current perception of the breeding and molecular aspects of heterosis in eggplants and cites several studies describing the mechanisms. Rendering and combining recent genomics, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomics studies present new prospects towards the understanding of the regulatory events of heterosis involved in the evolution and the domestication of the eggplant ideotype.