scholarly journals Research of technical characteristics of wall leveling signs in the context of the ethymology of terms

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (I) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
I. TREVOHO ◽  
◽  
A. DRBAL ◽  
E. ILKIV ◽  
M. GALYARNYK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The City ◽  
Technical Recommendations

The aim is to clarify the etymology of the terms “wall leveling mark” and “wall leveling benchmark” in the context of the historical sequence of the appearance of leveling networks in the Ukrainian lands to present the author’s view on these definitions in scientific reference and encyclopedic geodetic literature. To conduct a chronological study of the phenomenon of leveling wall signs of different structures and the corresponding technologies of binding to them in leveling networks, which were created in the Ukrainian lands during the XIX–XXI centuries. Pay attention to the fact that level marks and wall frames, which are valid (working) independent geodetic signs in leveling networks, due to long-term operation are carriers of important geodetic information. Method. To study the results of the analysis of historical sources, standards, reference, encyclopedic and scientific literature in the context of the analysis of the definitions of “level mark” and “wall benchmark” was used analysis of patterns of functioning of the relevant geodetic terminological units. Results. On the territory of Ukraine during the XIX–XXI centuries. Created a leveling (height) network [State Geodetic Network, experimental operation], which operates to this day. The functioning of the leveling (height) network is regulated by legislative acts and regulations. Thanks to the geo-portal of the DGM of Ukraine created by NDIGK, it is possible to obtain information about the preserved level signs. The peculiarity of the leveling (height) network is that it was created by different departments of different countries [Glushkov V.V., 2003] with different height systems and taking into account the access of Ukrainian lands to the Black Sea. All this led to the use of different designs of wall leveling signs and, accordingly, their interpretation, which is not sufficiently reflected in the geodetic reference and regulatory literature. Scientific novelty. The performed comprehensive analysis of information sources can serve as a basis for development of scientific and technical recommendations formonitoring of level signs ofDGMofUkraine and will allow to reveal weaknesses of their functioning which are caused by changes in vital activity of the city environment. The practical value of the work is to solve the problem of distinguishing the production characteristics of the wall leveling mark and wall leveling benchmark, which are fixed leveling signs in geodetic networks of thickening and leveling networks to develop technical developments for inspection and updating points II, leveling networks classes and geodetic networks of thickening in the context of monitoring of geodetic points of DGM of Ukraine and their corresponding representation in the scientific and reference geodetic literature.

scholarly journals Sea-land limits: a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afranio R. de Mesquita ◽  
Denizar Blitzkow ◽  
Carlos A. S. França ◽  
Jorge L. A. Trabanco ◽  
Marco A. Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Short History ◽  
National Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The limits between sea and land were estimated at "Pulso" beach located in the Southeastern Brazilian shelf (φ = 23°33/17.4886"S; Λ = 045° 13'13.0504"W - WGS84), between the island of São Sebastião and the city of Ubatuba, SP, Brazil. The relative sea level of the year 1831 at "Pulso" beach, as per Brazilian law Number 9760 dated from 1946, was estimated and materialized. The retro-estimation allowed the demarcation of the Legal Sea-Land Limits at "Pulso" beach as per the terms of the law. The accuracy of the procedure for the transference of the long-term sea level from the research station of Ubatuba to "Pulso" beach was assessed by parallel work of geometrical leveling referred to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) geodetic network. The motivation, the hypotheses (Brest, Cananeia and IPCC) and the methods here used are described, together with a short history of the Legal Sea-Land Limits. The results indicated that the legal Sea-Land Limits at "Pulso" beach are well within the beach area. They were determined as per law 9760, and there is the need to reactivate the national network of sea level gauge.

scholarly journals Historical Cartography and Sustainable Tourism Development. Reconnecting Trento and the Fersina Stream through the Retrieval of Environmental and Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carolien Fornasari ◽  
Aurora Rapisarda
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Abstract. Within the context of postmodern tourism, the importance of preserving and enhancing environmental and cultural assets of destinations is increasingly being recognised as one of the keys to sustainable long-term development of territories. The paper focuses on the complex diachronic relationship between the town of Trento, in the Trentino- Alto Adige region, and its watercourses, and, in particular, on its connection with the Fersina stream. The aim is to raise locals’ and visitors’ awareness of a largely forgotten urban water landscape, and to implement the town’s existing cultural and environmental tourist offer. This is achieved through the revival of collective memory of the fundamental role of water for the development of Trento and through the requalification of the stream and its network of canals, which once brought water to different parts of the city-centre. For such purpose, the validity of cartography and other geo-historical sources has been acknowledged; maps are particularly useful sources for retracing territorialisation processes, and rediscovering past territorialities and related landscapes. Accordingly, we have carried out a geo-historical analysis of cartographic representations of the town, shedding light on the past widespread presence of water within urban space and making some proposals for the enhancement and communication of such heritage.

scholarly journals Development of improvement of the natural potential of the city

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. Zh. Espenbetov ◽  
◽  
A.R. Toleukanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
The City ◽  
Intensive Search

The topic of the article is one of the most important aspects of the landscape of the urban environment. The long-term accumulation of contradictions in natural and artificial urban landscape interaction led to an intensive search for methods of resolving numerous conflicts in the «human-nature» relationship. The dynamic transformation of the city environment under the influence of a variety of factors was accompanied by a change of approaches ensuring the correction of emerging contradictions.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE BRIDGES BUILT IN UKRAINE IN 1998 AND 2001, THAT WERE DESTROYED BY LONG-TERM OPERATION AND FLOODS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
J. J. LUCHKO ◽  
I. I. KARKHUT ◽  
I. B. KRAVETS
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridges ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The City

Purpose. The aim of the work is to summarize design errors, construction defects and shortcomings and bridge defects after long-term operation on the basis of real field studies and analysis of scientific and technical sources. Methodology. To achieve this goal, an inspection of scientific and technical sources and regulations on the technical condition of transport facilities in Ukraine was conducted. In particular, it is a bridge in the city of Khust, built in 2000 on the site destroyed by floods in 1998 and a monolithic frame-cantilever bridge on the highway Mukachevo-Rogatin km 92 +700, built in 2001 on the site of partially destroyed in March 2001. The authors also took part in the construction, testing for static and dynamic loads of six steel-reinforced concrete bridges in Kobiletska and Kosivska Polyana, which were erected in 2000 on the site of those destroyed by the 1998 flood, as well as overpasses and bridges of long-term operation, – this is the Beregovsky bridge in the city of Mukachevo and the overpass in the village of Vistova. The results of the analysis and synthesis of the above studies became the basis for establishing the corresponding design errors, defects and shortcomings in construction and shortcomings in the operation of bridges and overpasses. Results. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and technical sources regarding the technical condition of the constructed reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced concrete bridges and bridges and overpasses of long-term operation is carried out. The analysis and synthesis of the problems of ensuring the reliability and durability of transport structures in the conditions of their operation in the air, soil and water environment. It is established on real examples of design errors, defects and shortcomings in construction, shortcomings in operation. The possibility of restoring the bearing capacity using modern materials and technologies is shown. Scientific novelty. As a result of the analysis of transport structures, scientific and technical sources and a number of studies of reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete structures of bridges built after the floods in 1998 and 2001 and bridges (overpasses) of long-term operation, it was possible to summarize the main reasons that significantly affect the degradation of the structures of these bridges and overpasses. The possibility of restoring their bearing capacity and durability using modern materials and technologies is shown. In particular, it was found that in addition to power factors, factors of the air, soil and water environment also significantly affect. Practical significance. On the basis of these data, and observing the indicated objects for 20 years, it was possible to generalize and establish design errors, defects and shortcomings in construction and shortcomings of long-term operation. This makes it possible to propose areas of theoretical and experimental research and calculation methods, to take them into account in the design and operation of such structures. In particular, on the basis of these data, a technique was created and tested on real objects, which makes it possible to significantly increase the durability and reliability of such structures, using modern materials and technologies for repair and restoration work.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

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