TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SELECTIVE COLLECTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN A RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

Проведен анализ ситуации, сложившейся при совмещенном вывозе твердых коммунальных отходов (ТКО). В связи с тем, что используемые на сегодняшний день конструкции мусоропроводов не предназначены для селективного (раздельного) сбора ТКО, исследована возможность реновации и модернизации мусоропровода и мусоросборной камеры для селективного сбора ТКО в существующем многоквартирном доме. Авторами предложен вариант модернизации существующей системы сбора мусора, заключающийся в следующем: в мусоросборной камере располагается несколько контейнеров, вместо патрубка и шибера устроена единая конструкция на все контейнеры, оснащенная заслонками, которые открываются для нужного вида отходов при нажатии соответствующей кнопки на блоке управления. Для домов, в которых нет мусоропроводов, рассмотрена возможность организации уличной контейнерной площадки, предназначенной для селективного сбора ТКО. Для вычисления размеров необходимых контейнеров было проведено исследование по определению масс и объемов разных фракций ТКО, приходящихся на одного человека. По результатам исследования был выполнен расчет по подбору размеров контейнеров по всем видам отходов для мусоросборной камеры и для уличной контейнерной площадки, с определением периодичности вывоза ТКО. Разработан алгоритм по селективному сбору ТКО в существующей жилой застройке. We carried out the analysis of the situation with the combined disposal of solid municipal waste (SMW). Due to the fact that the designs of waste chutes used today are not intended for selective (separate) collection of SMW, the article examines the possibility of renovation and modernization of the waste chute and waste collection chamber for selective collection of SMW in the existing apartment buildings. The authors offer a variant of modernization of the waste collection chamber, which consists in the following: in the waste collection chamber there are several containers, instead of a branch pipe and a gate, a single apron is arranged for all containers, equipped with flaps that open for the desired type of waste when the corresponding button is pressed on the control unit. The possibility of organizing street container platform for selective collection of SMW was considered for the apartment buildings which do not have waste chutes. To calculate the size of the required containers, we conducted a study to determine the mass and volume of different SMW fractions per person. According to the results of the study, a calculation was made for the selection of container sizes for all types of waste for the waste collection chamber and for the street container site, with the determination of the frequency of SMW removal. An algorithm for selective collection of SMW in existing residential buildings has been developed.

HIGH-DENSЕ LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES

This article discusses the typology of low-rise residential development and the possibility of forming a diverse and multifaceted urban environment. Its urban planning, architectural design, and compositional potential are investigated. In addition to studying the main characteristics of this type of housing, the study focuses on analyzing the benefits of introducing private open spaces, which are recognized as one of the main elements of low-rise, high-density housing.

DENSITY CHALLENGES OF HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Although the term ‘urbanisation’ was first coined in the 19th century, the phenomenon experienced a significant impact and received a lot of attention in the 21st century. One of the major results is density, causing effects such as excessive demand for residential buildings. To cope with the increasing urban population and limited land availability, cities can no longer opt for horizontal development strategies. Going vertical seems a practical solution, but it can lead to convoluted problems if it is not done with proper planning and mitigation measures at the preliminary stages of planning. This article describes the challenges of residential planning density for high-rise development in Malaysia using a systematic literature review on three identified real cases which separated by pre-development, post-development, and development control. The findings show the major challenges in pre-development and post development related to dissatisfaction with the increasing numbers of high-rise residences due to the increase in population and residential density. As a strategic development control, there must be uniformity in the act or law to control the development of this highrise residential. Thus, this article led to a better understanding of density related to high-rise residential development in Malaysia.

Midblock: Reimagining the role of the underutilized suburban midblock section

<p>Our society’s inclination towards larger homes upon individually owned land titles has produced vast suburban sprawl, attributing a great deal of societal division and infrastructural strain. A feature exacerbating the situation in Papamoa’s suburban development is the inadvertent creation of midblock sections, primarily due to a lack of development foresight. Due to the rapid conversion of certain rural plots’ land-use from orchards to residential development and the stagnation of others, a mismatch of land sizes, shapes and orientations were left to be developed upon. These underutilised spaces often remain as untenanted interstitial spaces despite a dramatic regional population growth, a record low national home ownership and growing demand for housing from the Auckland market. This thesis examines the complexities of the midblock and the difficult New Zealand social and historical contexts that disrupt their development. It investigates how architects can use these conditions, as well as the spatial contexts of their locale, to inform design principles that can be used to integrate midblock designs into the suburban grain. Design within this research, thus, seeks to test these strategies as well as the development potential of these sites through investigating the efficacy of various alternative programmes. Furthermore, this research explores the potential of small scale public participatory consultation with local residents as a catalyst for architectural processes and design evaluation in analysing the appropriateness of midblock development strategies. It argues that participatory design consultation is a substantial tool for architects in both aligning development with local communities and critically analysing the effectiveness of design within the context of the midblock.</p>

Midblock: Reimagining the role of the underutilized suburban midblock section

<p>Our society’s inclination towards larger homes upon individually owned land titles has produced vast suburban sprawl, attributing a great deal of societal division and infrastructural strain. A feature exacerbating the situation in Papamoa’s suburban development is the inadvertent creation of midblock sections, primarily due to a lack of development foresight. Due to the rapid conversion of certain rural plots’ land-use from orchards to residential development and the stagnation of others, a mismatch of land sizes, shapes and orientations were left to be developed upon. These underutilised spaces often remain as untenanted interstitial spaces despite a dramatic regional population growth, a record low national home ownership and growing demand for housing from the Auckland market. This thesis examines the complexities of the midblock and the difficult New Zealand social and historical contexts that disrupt their development. It investigates how architects can use these conditions, as well as the spatial contexts of their locale, to inform design principles that can be used to integrate midblock designs into the suburban grain. Design within this research, thus, seeks to test these strategies as well as the development potential of these sites through investigating the efficacy of various alternative programmes. Furthermore, this research explores the potential of small scale public participatory consultation with local residents as a catalyst for architectural processes and design evaluation in analysing the appropriateness of midblock development strategies. It argues that participatory design consultation is a substantial tool for architects in both aligning development with local communities and critically analysing the effectiveness of design within the context of the midblock.</p>

HISTORICAL FORTIFICATIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING STRUCTURE OF LVIV (ON MARGINES DOCUMENTATION "HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL REFERENCE PLAN OF LVIV")

Ancient city fortifications are one of the specific types of defensive architecture. Along with the buildings of castles, blocks of urban residential development, monastery complexes and field defensive structures, they formed a special type of architectural and urban planning objects. During their construction, the skills of both an architect, builder, and military engineer were often combined. Not so many objects of urban defense architecture have come down to our time. Therefore, every fragment of the city's defensive walls and earthen fortifications preserved today, as a rule, is a valuable document of its era and needs careful protection and preservation. Urban fortifications (as opposed to fortifications of castles or fortresses) were the objects of priority liquidation in the process of urban development. There are very few of them preserved in Ukraine, so their preservation and study is a matter of extreme importance. Lviv is a unique city on the map of Ukraine in terms of the development of urban fortifications. The article analyzes the reflection of objects and monuments of defense construction in the scientific and design documentation "Historical and Architectural Reference Plan of the City of Lviv". Data on the stages of development of Lviv fortifications are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the remains of fortifications that have been preserved in the archaeological form. Their identification, conservation and identification is important task for modern urban development projects. The paper makes hypotheses about some hitherto unidentified elements of fortifications of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Special emphasis is placed on the need for a special scientific study on the detailed reconstruction of all stages of the development of defense belts around the city center and suburbs of Lviv

Parks over Pasture: Enclosing the Commons in Postbellum New Orleans

This article examines the enclosure of the de facto commons that surrounded New Orleans during the final decades of the nineteenth century and argues that public parks were crucial tools deployed by civic elites on behalf of that initiative. As the regulatory efforts of reform-minded mayor Joseph A. Shakspeare failed to eliminate the persistent “cattle nuisance” that emanated from the undeveloped suburbs, he turned to parks as a means of fundamentally transforming the character of the land. By physically enclosing large swathes of acreage, conditioning the public to be urban subjects, and associating the area with leisure rather than agrarian production, the parks made it possible for the city’s modernizers to push dairy farmers out of the area and initiate a process of residential development. By examining this strategic use of greenspace in Gilded Age-era New Orleans, this article seeks to shed new light on the ways in which the urban environment was manipulated in service of the broader New South movement.