Identification of Flood-prone Areas using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS, the Case of Ciberang River Basin, Lebak District of Banten Province

It is common practice that flood hydrograph simulations help to provide better flood prediction and flood damage reduction planning. These efforts require information on flood-prone areas identification from the hydrological and hydraulic analysis results. Historically, the Ciberang River Basin has experienced floods. Those floods cause the loss of human life and damage some houses along the river’s channels, especially in Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to identify flood-prone areas based on the simulation result of a hydrologic and hydraulic model of catchment response due to several extreme rainfall events using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software. Rainfall and discharge data measured at the Ciberang-Sabagi water level gauge on 10 January 2013 were used to calibrate hydrological watershed parameters. The hydraulics channel routing is started from the planned location of the Sabo dam to the downstream control point. The next stage was the simulation of rainfall-runoff transformation and 1D unsteady flow channel routing for the 2, 5, and 10-years floods return periods. The main result of this study is a flood hazards map that shows the spatial distribution of the area and inundation depth for each return period of the flood.

LoRa Network Based Integrated Sluice Gates Group Automation Control System

A kind of gate automation group control system is designed based on LoRa networking, which is composed of intelligent gate control subsystems installed on all levels of channels, LoRa network and a cluster control system running in the monitoring centre. The system uses the water level and flow rate method, Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter, and laser water level gauge to realize the automatic metering function of the gate; the ultra-low power gate cluster control system based on LoRa network realizes the intelligent control and wireless remote communication of the gate terminal; Provides three different types of gate automatic control modes to meet the water supply needs of different types of irrigation areas; through the design of dual-circuit redundant power supply system design for solar power supply and mains power supply, the power supply problem of the gate field work is solved; remote dynamic water transfer control application software package realize the remote control, automatic control and system linkage of the gate.

The on-line detection technology of oil level in main transformer conservator of an 110kV Substation

The oil level of transformer conservator is related to the safe operation of transformer. There is no better way to detect the oil level of the conservator, when the indication of the oil level gauge is unclear or the jam fault. Through the selection of ultrasonic sensor, design of measurement and verification device and field practice, this paper studies and develops an on-line detection technology based on the ultrasonic principle, which can effectively and accurately detect the oil level of existing conservator types such as diaphragm, capsule and corrugated conservator, and is not limited by the detection environment.

Improving real-time operational streamflow simulations using discharge data to update state variables of a distributed hydrological model

Reducing errors in streamflow simulations is one of the main issues for a reliable forecast system aimed to manage floods and water resources. Data assimilation is a powerful tool to reduce model errors. Unfortunately, its use in operational chains with distributed and physically based models is a challenging issue since many methodologies require computational times that are hardly compatible with operational needs. The implemented methodology corrects modelled water level in channels and root-zone soil moisture using real-time water level gauge stations. Model's variables are corrected locally, then the updates are propagated upstream with a simple approach that accounts for sub-basins’ contributions. The overfitting issue, which arises when updating a spatially distributed model with sparse streamflow data, is hence here addressed in the context of a large-scale operational implementation working in real time thanks to the simplicity of the strategy. To test the method, a hindcast of daily simulations covering 18 months was performed on the Italian Tevere basin, and the modelling results with and without assimilation were compared. The setup was that currently in place in the operational framework in both cases. The analysis evidences a clear overall benefit of applying the proposed method even out of the assimilation time window.

Early warning flood detector adopting camera by Sobel Canny edge detection algorithm method

Early warning of floods is an essential part of disaster management. Various automatic detectors have been developed in flood mitigation, including cameras. But reliability and accuracy have not been improved. Besides, the use of monitoring devices has been employed to monitor water levels in various water building facilities. The early warning flood detector was carried out with a sensor camera using an orange ball that floats near the water level gauge in a bounding box. This approach uses the integration of computer vision and image processing, namely digital image processing techniques, with Sobel Canny edge detection (SCED) algorithms to detect quickly and accurately water levels in real-time. After the water level is measured, a flood detection process is carried out based on the specified water level. According to the results of experiments in the laboratory, it has been shown that the proposed approach can detect objects accurately and fast in real-time. Besides, from the water level detection experiment, good results were obtained. Therefore, the object detection system and water level can be used as an efficient and accurate early detection system for flood disasters.

Intelligent system for measuring the level and mass of liquid in fuel tanks and tanks during pitching and tilting

An overview of the existing methods for measuring the liquid level and their disadvantages in the case of surface vibrations is presented. A system for continuous measurement of the mass of liquids in fuel tanks and tanks during rolling and tilting of vehicles and ships, implemented in a level gauge based on intelligent sensors, is proposed. The sensors include a microcontroller with an individual calibration characteristic of the volume-level dependence, taking into account the shape of the tank or fuel tank, and nanosensors built into the intelligent sensor (ID) for measuring density, permittivity and ambient temperature. It is established that the actual metrological characteristics of the ID are significantly higher than the characteristics of traditional sensors. The number and dimensions of the plates of flat capacitors are justified and the scheme of their arrangement on the roof of the tanks is presented. The exclusion of movable elements increased the reliability of operation, simplified maintenance and design requirements of the measuring object. Analytical expressions for calculating the level and mass of the liquid, implemented by the microcontroller, are given. The use of the proposed measurement system with complex computational processing and taking into account corrections for temperature, density, humidity and permittivity of the liquid made it possible to increase the accuracy and stability of the level meter readings. Analytical expressions are derived that relate the liquid level and the output frequency of the generator from the composition of the level gauge.

Monitoring the difference in liquid levels in adjacent tanks

The possibility of synchronous monitoring of coolant levels in the cooling systems of nuclear and thermal power plants before and after the barrier mesh using a specialized level gauge is considered. The block diagram of a level gauge providing current synchronous control of liquid levels in two adjacent channels (reservoirs), as well as the difference in liquid levels in them, is presented. A feature of the structural diagram of a specialized acoustic level gauge is the use of a radiation source common to both channels and a device for dividing the common waveguide path into two channels. An algorithm for the functioning of a specialized level gauge has been developed, in which, based on time diagrams, it is shown how the level is controlled in each channel and the difference in liquid levels before and after the barrier grid is calculated. The description of the algorithm is accompanied by calculated expressions for determining the levels and the difference in liquid levels. For a level gauge made in the acoustic wavelength range, a condition is given that is necessary for the creation of a device that provides matching when dividing a common channel into two independent channels of pulse signal propagation. This condition made it possible to establish the relationship between the inner diameters of cylindrical pipes used as waveguide paths of an acoustic wave. Variants of the implementation of a specialized level gauge based on two modifications of the ZOND-3M level gauge are proposed, in which cylindrical pipes are used as waveguiding systems. It is shown that when using the AP-7VT transceiver, the level gauge will have an operating range of up to 10m with a level resolution of ± 1mm, and when using the AP-70T transceiver, it will have an operating range of up to 20m with a level resolution of ± 1cm.

ABOUT THE DEVICES CONNECTING LEVEL WELLS OF FIXED CANAL AS «FIXED LINE» WITH TRAPEZOIDAL CANALS

The article is devoted to a sensitive and poorly studied element of a “Fixed Line” as watermeasuring structure - a tube connecting level-gauge wells with watercourses in which water resources are counted. It is shown how these tubes are placed in the walls of the canals in their vertical planes and if they are incorrectly placed - how this can affect the accuracy of the measured water flow rates.