Sea-land limits: a case study

The limits between sea and land were estimated at "Pulso" beach located in the Southeastern Brazilian shelf (φ = 23°33/17.4886"S; Λ = 045° 13'13.0504"W - WGS84), between the island of São Sebastião and the city of Ubatuba, SP, Brazil. The relative sea level of the year 1831 at "Pulso" beach, as per Brazilian law Number 9760 dated from 1946, was estimated and materialized. The retro-estimation allowed the demarcation of the Legal Sea-Land Limits at "Pulso" beach as per the terms of the law. The accuracy of the procedure for the transference of the long-term sea level from the research station of Ubatuba to "Pulso" beach was assessed by parallel work of geometrical leveling referred to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) geodetic network. The motivation, the hypotheses (Brest, Cananeia and IPCC) and the methods here used are described, together with a short history of the Legal Sea-Land Limits. The results indicated that the legal Sea-Land Limits at "Pulso" beach are well within the beach area. They were determined as per law 9760, and there is the need to reactivate the national network of sea level gauge.

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Colonial Values and Asylum Care in Brazil: Reclaiming the Streets Through Carnival in Rio de Janeiro

International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 155-161

Author(s):

Julia Evangelista ◽

William A. Fulford

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Well Being ◽

Colonial History ◽

Self Confidence ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

The City

AbstractThis chapter shows how carnival has been used to counter the impact of Brazil’s colonial history on its asylums and perceptions of madness. Colonisation of Brazil by Portugal in the nineteenth century led to a process of Europeanisation that was associated with dismissal of non-European customs and values as “mad” and sequestration of the poor from the streets into asylums. Bringing together the work of the two authors, the chapter describes through a case study how a carnival project, Loucura Suburbana (Suburban Madness), in which patients in both long- and short-term asylum care play leading roles, has enabled them to “reclaim the streets,” and re-establish their right to the city as valid producers of culture on their own terms. In the process, entrenched stigmas associated with having a history of mental illness in a local community are challenged, and sense of identity and self-confidence can be rebuilt, thus contributing to long-term improvements in mental well-being. Further illustrative materials are available including photographs and video clips.

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Case Study: Rome's House of Memory and History: The Politics of Memory and Public Institutions

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0008 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Portelli

Keyword(s):

Oral History ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Politics Of Memory ◽

Political Events ◽

History Of ◽

Ambitious Program ◽

The City

This article centers around the case study of Rome's House of Memory and History to understand the politics of memory and public institutions. This case study is about the organization and politics of public memory: the House of Memory and History, established by the city of Rome in 2006, in the framework of an ambitious program of cultural policy. It summarizes the history of the House's conception and founding, describes its activities and the role of oral history in them, and discusses some of the problems it faces. The idea of a House of Memory and History grew in this cultural and political context. This article traces several political events that led to the culmination of the politics of memory and its effect on public institutions. It says that the House of Memory and History can be considered a success. A discussion on a cultural future winds up this article.

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A Holistic Framework for Evaluating Adaptation Approaches to Coastal Hazards and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from Imperial Beach, California

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1324

Author(s):

David Revell ◽

Phil King ◽

Jeff Giliam ◽

Juliano Calil ◽

Sarah Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Public Trust ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Public Benefits ◽

Study Results ◽

Local Risk ◽

Over Time

Sea level rise increases community risks from erosion, wave flooding, and tides. Current management typically protects existing development and infrastructure with coastal armoring. These practices ignore long-term impacts to public trust coastal recreation and natural ecosystems. This adaptation framework models physical responses to the public beach and private upland for each adaptation strategy over time, linking physical changes in widths to damages, economic costs, and benefits from beach recreation and nature using low-lying Imperial Beach, California, as a case study. Available coastal hazard models identified community vulnerabilities, and local risk communication engagement prioritized five adaptation approaches—armoring, nourishment, living shorelines, groins, and managed retreat. This framework innovates using replacement cost as a proxy for ecosystem services normally not valued and examines a managed retreat policy approach using a public buyout and rent-back option. Specific methods and economic values used in the analysis need more research and innovation, but the framework provides a scalable methodology to guide coastal adaptation planning everywhere. Case study results suggest that coastal armoring provides the least public benefits over time. Living shoreline approaches show greater public benefits, while managed retreat, implemented sooner, provides the best long-term adaptation strategy to protect community identity and public trust resources.

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A New Integrated Approach for Municipal Landfill Siting Based on Urban Physical Growth Prediction: A Case Study Mashhad Metropolis in Iran

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13050949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 949

Author(s):

Salman Qureshi ◽

Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽

Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽

Foad Minaei ◽

Mehdi Homaee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Growth ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Support Vector ◽

Markov Chain Method ◽

Physical Expansion ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

The City

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.

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A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings ◽

10.3397/in-2021-1342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 263 (6) ◽

pp. 206-214

Author(s):

David Montes-González ◽

Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽

Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽

Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽

Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Noise Pollution ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Control Measures ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

The World ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

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“The Principal Russian Church in America”: from the History of Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the City of New York

Istoriya ◽

10.18254/s207987840017595-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

Vladimir Pechatnov

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

The United States ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

History Of ◽

Ministry Of Finance ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Foreign Ministry ◽

The City

Based on previously unearthed documents from the Russia’s State Historical Archive and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire the article explores the history of the first Russian Orthodox parish in New York City and construction of Saint-Nickolas Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the city. It was a protracted and complicated interagency process that involved Russian Orthodox mission in the United States, Russia’s Foreign Ministry and its missions in the United States, the Holy Governing Synod, Russia’s Ministry of Finance and the State Council. The principal actors were the bishops Nicholas (Ziorov) and especially Tikhon (Bellavin), Ober-Prosecutor of the Holy Governing Synod Konstantine Pobedonostsev and Reverend Alexander Khotovitsky. This case study of the Cathedral history reveals an interaction of ecclesiastical and civil authorities in which private and civic initiative was combined with strict bureaucratic rules and procedures.

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On the Long-Term Behaviour of Glacial Ice under Moving Traffic Load: A Case Study

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000006730 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 31 (109) ◽

pp. 369-371

Author(s):

S. G. Vombatkere

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Traffic Load ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Glacial Ice ◽

Mean Sea Level

AbstractA Bailey bridge built on a permanent ice body at an altitude of 5580 m above mean sea-level has been carrying regular traffic of 7 tonne motor vehicles for over 2 years. The problems posed by the ice body, its behaviour under the load of the bridge and traffic, its summer and winter behaviour, and the problems posed in the construction and maintenance of the bridge are studied and discussed.

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Research of technical characteristics of wall leveling signs in the context of the ethymology of terms

Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry ◽

10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-55-60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (I) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

I. TREVOHO ◽

◽

A. DRBAL ◽

E. ILKIV ◽

M. GALYARNYK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geodetic Network ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Term Operation ◽

Geodetic Networks ◽

City Environment ◽

Technical Developments ◽

The City ◽

Technical Recommendations

The aim is to clarify the etymology of the terms “wall leveling mark” and “wall leveling benchmark” in the context of the historical sequence of the appearance of leveling networks in the Ukrainian lands to present the author’s view on these definitions in scientific reference and encyclopedic geodetic literature. To conduct a chronological study of the phenomenon of leveling wall signs of different structures and the corresponding technologies of binding to them in leveling networks, which were created in the Ukrainian lands during the XIX–XXI centuries. Pay attention to the fact that level marks and wall frames, which are valid (working) independent geodetic signs in leveling networks, due to long-term operation are carriers of important geodetic information. Method. To study the results of the analysis of historical sources, standards, reference, encyclopedic and scientific literature in the context of the analysis of the definitions of “level mark” and “wall benchmark” was used analysis of patterns of functioning of the relevant geodetic terminological units. Results. On the territory of Ukraine during the XIX–XXI centuries. Created a leveling (height) network [State Geodetic Network, experimental operation], which operates to this day. The functioning of the leveling (height) network is regulated by legislative acts and regulations. Thanks to the geo-portal of the DGM of Ukraine created by NDIGK, it is possible to obtain information about the preserved level signs. The peculiarity of the leveling (height) network is that it was created by different departments of different countries [Glushkov V.V., 2003] with different height systems and taking into account the access of Ukrainian lands to the Black Sea. All this led to the use of different designs of wall leveling signs and, accordingly, their interpretation, which is not sufficiently reflected in the geodetic reference and regulatory literature. Scientific novelty. The performed comprehensive analysis of information sources can serve as a basis for development of scientific and technical recommendations formonitoring of level signs ofDGMofUkraine and will allow to reveal weaknesses of their functioning which are caused by changes in vital activity of the city environment. The practical value of the work is to solve the problem of distinguishing the production characteristics of the wall leveling mark and wall leveling benchmark, which are fixed leveling signs in geodetic networks of thickening and leveling networks to develop technical developments for inspection and updating points II, leveling networks classes and geodetic networks of thickening in the context of monitoring of geodetic points of DGM of Ukraine and their corresponding representation in the scientific and reference geodetic literature.

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TECNOLOGIAS GEOGRÁFICAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: estudo de caso em escolas públicas de Montes Claros/MG

Revista Cerrados ◽

10.22238/rc24482692v15n12017p330a350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 330-350

Author(s):

Welton Silva Ferreira ◽

Marcos Esdras Leite

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Public Schools ◽

School Environment ◽

Search Criterion ◽

History Of ◽

Training Resources ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

The City ◽

State Schools

O presente estudo tem como finalidade, a investigação do conteúdo das geotecnologias no ensino médio em algumas escolas estaduais de Montes Claros-MG, com virtude na otimização e valorização desta área do conhecimento que compete ao ensino escolar, tendo em vista o avanço e acessibilidade dos meios tecnológicos aos estudantes, mas não há familiarização dos mesmos com esses meios no ambiente escolar. Aos professores, cabe considerar neste trabalho, a maneira como eles congregam o assunto proposto ao seu sistema de trabalho, analisando as possíveis dificuldades encontradas. Inicia-se o trabalho apresentando um breve histórico das geotecnologias e o seu desdobramento nos tempos vigente fazendo menção aos meios pedagógicos e de softwares voltados para a prática cartográfica. Metodologicamente serão acatadas como objeto e critério da pesquisa, cinco escolas estaduais localizadas no perímetro urbano da cidade. Posteriormente foi aplicado um formulário aos professores das referidas escolas, em modo de amostra, com intuito de acurar os entraves no processo de ensino-aprendizagem acerca da disciplina. Após a obtenção dos resultados verificou-se a capacidade de apreensão do conteúdo das geotecnologias e as arestas a serem aparadas no que tange o ensino. Palavras-chave: Geotecnologias; cartografia; ensino-aprendizagem; limitações. GEOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGH SCHOOL: a case study in public schools of Montes Claros / MG Abstract The present study has as its purpose, the investigation of the content of geotechnology in high school in some state schools in Montes Claros, MG, with virtue in optimization and enhancement of this area of knowledge that it is the responsibility of the schools, with a view to the advancement and accessibility of technological resources for students, but there are familiarization themselves with these means in the school environment. For teachers, it is considered in this work, the way they associate the subject proposed to its system of work, analyzing the potential difficulties encountered. It begins the work by presenting a brief history of geotechnology and its deployment in times legislation making mention to the training resources and software designed for the practice mapping. Methodologically speaking will be taken as an object and search criterion, five state schools located within the city limits of the city. It was later applied a form to teachers of these schools, in order to sample, with a view to enhance obstacles in the teaching-learning process about the discipline. After obtaining the results it was found that the ability to apprehend the contents of geotechnology and the edges to be trimmed edges in the teaching. Keywords: Geotechnology; cartography; teaching-learning; limitations. TECNOLOGÍAS GEOGRÁFICAS EN LA ESCUELA SECUNDARIA: un estudio de caso en las escuelas públicas en Montes Claros / MG Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo, la investigación del contenido de geotechnologies en algunas escuelas secundaria estatales de Montes Claros, MG, con la virtud en la optimización y mejora de esta área de conocimiento que es responsabilidad de las escuelas, con miras a la promoción y la accesibilidad de los recursos tecnológicos para estudiantes, pero hay que se familiaricen con estos medios en el entorno escolar. Para los profesores, es considerado en este trabajo, la manera de asociar el tema propuesto para su sistema de trabajo, analizando las posibles dificultades encontradas. Comienza el trabajo presentando una breve historia de geotechnologies y su despliegue en tiempos legislación haciendo mención a los recursos de formación y software diseñado para la práctica ha cambiado. Metodológicamente hablando será tomado como un objeto y criterios de búsqueda, cinco escuelas estatales situadas dentro de los límites de la ciudad. Posteriormente se aplicó un formulario para los maestros de estas escuelas, a fin de muestra, con miras a acurar obstáculos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje acerca de la disciplina. Tras la obtención de los resultados se encontró que la capacidad de aprehender el contenido de geotechnologies y los bordes que va a recortar los bordes de la enseñanza. Palabras llave: Geotechnologies; cartografia; el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje; limitaciones.

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SANITARY GUARDIANS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

Ural Historical Journal ◽

10.30759/1728-9718-2021-1(70)-30-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Anna B. Agafonova ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Participation ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Local Authorities ◽

City Community ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The City ◽

Public Oversight

The article describes the history of creation and activities of sanitary guardians in the cities of the Russian Empire. The study aims to identify organizational and social contradictions in guardianships’ activities, which hindered citizens from involvement in solving local sanitary problems. Boards of sanitary guardians were established by order of local authorities to involve the population in the fight against epidemics and conducting sanitary measures. The sanitary guardians’ activities consisted of timely notification of local authorities about the emergence of epidemics, participation in sanitary inspections of households, and conducting preventive conversations with homeowners about their compliance with public health and urban improvement regulations. The practice of citizens social participation in monitoring the urban area’s cleanliness was intended to level out the contradictions between homeowners and temporary doctors and sanitary executive commissions “alien” to the city community. Still, it often provoked conflicts between sanitary guardians and homeowners who defended the rights to inviolability of their property. In general, public oversight conducted by sanitary guardians has proven ineffective in the long term.

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