scholarly journals Genetic Diversity, Chemical Components, and Property of Biomass Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nong Zhou ◽  
Lingfeng Xu ◽  
Sun-Min Park ◽  
Ming-Guo Ma ◽  
Sun-Eun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Paris Polyphylla ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Extraction Processes

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a kind of biomass resource, which has important medicinal and economical values with a huge market. This review article aims to summarize the recent development of biomass P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The genetic diversity and chemical components of biomass P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were reviewed based on the literature. Both the genetic diversity and genetic structure of biomass P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were compared by using molecular marker technologies. All the extraction processes, harvest time, and drying methods on the chemical components were summarized in detail. The differences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the infection rate, diosgenin content, microorganisms, enzyme activities, rhizospheric environment, and endogenous hormones were discussed. This review article is beneficial for the applications of biomass P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis as a biomass resource in the biomedical field.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the mycoheterotroph Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 1279-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Renny ◽  
M. Cristina Acosta ◽  
Noelia Cofré ◽  
Laura S. Domínguez ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Diversity Patterns

scholarly journals Single nucleus sequencing reveals evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric CH Chen ◽  
Stephanie Mathieu ◽  
Anne Hoffrichter ◽  
Kinga Sedzielewska-Toro ◽  
Max Peart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Average Similarity ◽  
Single Nucleus

Eukaryotes thought to have evolved clonally for millions of years are referred to as ancient asexuals. The oldest group among these are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are plant symbionts harboring hundreds of nuclei within one continuous cytoplasm. Some AMF strains (dikaryons) harbor two co-existing nucleotypes but there is no direct evidence that such nuclei recombine in this life-stage, as is expected for sexual fungi. Here, we show that AMF nuclei with distinct genotypes can undergo recombination. Inter-nuclear genetic exchange varies in frequency among strains, and despite recombination all nuclear genomes have an average similarity of at least 99.8%. The present study demonstrates that AMF can generate genetic diversity via meiotic-like processes in the absence of observable mating. The AMF dikaryotic life-stage is a primary source of nuclear variability in these organisms, highlighting its potential for strain enhancement of these symbionts.

scholarly journals Mycelium chemistry differs markedly between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilin Huang ◽  
Peter Bodegom ◽  
Stéphane Declerck ◽  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Marco Cosme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
C Cycle

Abstract The chemical quality of soil carbon (C) inputs is a major factor controlling litter decomposition and soil C dynamics. Mycorrhizal fungi constitute one of the dominant pools of soil microbial C, while their litter quality is understood poorly, leading to the major uncertainties in estimating soil C dynamics. For the first time, we examined chemical recalcitrance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species using fungal samples obtained from in vitro cultivation. We show that the chemical composition of AM and EM fungal mycelium differs significantly: EM fungi have higher concentrations of labile (water-soluble, ethanol-soluble) and recalcitrant (non-extractable) chemical components, while AM fungi have higher concentrations of acid-hydrolysable components. Our results imply that differences in chemical decomposability traits among mycorrhizal fungal guilds represent a critically important driver of the soil C cycle, which could be as vital as is recognized for differences among aboveground plant litter.

Advances in the study of genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Liu Yanpeng ◽  
Sohn Bokyoon ◽  
Wang Miaoyan ◽  
Jiang Guoyong ◽  
Liu Runjin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Intraspecific genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its consequences for molecular biology, ecology, and development of inoculum

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Coding Regions

It has been known for some time that different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) taxa confer differences in plant growth. Although genetic variation within AMF species has been given less attention, it could potentially be an ecologically important source of variation. Ongoing studies on variability in AMF genes within Glomus intraradices indicate that at least for some genes, such as the BiP gene, sequence variability can be high, even in coding regions. This suggests that genetic variation within an AMF may not be selectively neutral. This clearly needs to be investigated in more detail for other coding regions of AMF genomes. Similarly, studies on AMF population genetics indicate high genetic variation in AMF populations, and a considerable amount of variation seen in phenotypes in the population can be attributed to genetic differences among the fungi. The existence of high within-species genetic variation could have important consequences for how investigations on AMF gene expression and function are conducted. Furthermore, studies of within-species genetic variability and how it affects variation in plant growth will help to identify at what level of precision ecological studies should be conducted to identify AMF in plant roots in the field. A population genetic approach to studying AMF genetic variability can also be useful for inoculum development. By knowing the amount of genetic variability in an AMF population, the maximum and minimum numbers of spores that will contain a given amount of genetic diversity can be estimated. This could be particularly useful for developing inoculum with high adaptability to different environments.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizas, symbiosis, genomics, genetic diversity, population genetics, evolutionary ecology.

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