scholarly journals Changes of Voice Production in Artificial Acoustic Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Sierra-Polanco ◽  
Lady Catherine Cantor-Cutiva ◽  
Eric J. Hunter ◽  
Pasquale Bottalico
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Room Acoustics ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Vocal Control

The physical production of speech level dynamic range is directly affected by the physiological features of the speaker such as vocal tract size and lung capacity; however, the regulation of these production systems is affected by the perception of the communication environment and auditory feedback. The current study examined the effects of room acoustics in an artificial setting on voice production in terms of sound pressure level and the relationship with the perceived vocal comfort and vocal control. Three independent room acoustic parameters were considered: gain (alteration of the sidetone or playback of one’s own voice), reverberation time, and background noise. An increase in the sidetone led to a decrease in vocal sound pressure levels, thus increasing vocal comfort and vocal control. This effect was consistent in the different reverberation times considered. Mid-range reverberation times (T30 ≈ 1.3 s) led to a decrease in vocal sound pressure level along with an increase in vocal comfort and vocal control, however, the effect of the reverberation time was smaller than the effect of the gain. The presence of noise amplified the aforementioned effects for the variables analyzed.

scholarly journals Junk Food or Haute Cuisine to the Ear? – Investigating the Relationship Between Room Acoustics, Soundscape, Non-Acoustical Factors, and the Perceived Quality of Restaurants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Steffens ◽  
Tobias Wilczek ◽  
Stefan Weinzierl
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Room Acoustics ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Scientific Attention

Sound and music are well-studied aspects of the quality of experience in restaurants; the role of the room acoustical conditions, their influence on the visitors’ soundscape evaluation and their impact on the overall customer satisfaction in restaurants, however, has received less scientific attention. The present field study therefore investigated whether sound pressure level, reverberation time, and soundscape pleasantness can predict factors associated with overall restaurant quality. In total, 142 persons visiting 12 restaurants in Berlin rated relevant acoustical and non-acoustical factors associated with restaurant quality. Simultaneously, the A-weighted sound pressure level (LA,eq,15) was measured, and the reverberation time in the occupied state (T20,occ) was obtained by measurements performed in the unoccupied room and a subsequent calculation of the occupied condition according to DIN 18041. Results from linear mixed-effects models revealed that both the LA,eq,15 and T20,occ had a significant influence on soundscape pleasantness and eventfulness, whereby the effect of T20,occ was meditated by the LA,eq,15. Also, the LA,eq,15 as well as soundscape pleasantness were significant predictors of overall restaurant quality. A comprehensive structural equation model including both acoustical and non-acoustical factors, however, indicates that the effect of soundscape pleasantness on overall restaurant quality is mediated by the restaurant’s atmosphere. Our results support and extend previous findings which suggest that the acoustical design of restaurants involves a trade-off between comfort and liveliness, depending on the desired character of the place.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

Correlates of Turbulent Noise Production for Speech

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hixon ◽  
Fred D. Minifie ◽  
Charles A. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Volume Rate ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Noise Production ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Intraoral air pressure, volume rate of airflow, and sound pressure level were measured during /∫/ and /s/ productions of two speakers. In addition numerical estimates of the loudness of the productions were made by each speaker and by a group of judges. The power laws governing the relations among the parameters of interest are discussed and the results are compared with available data on voice production.

scholarly journals Visual and acoustic performance of shading devices – real scale laboratory measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Catalina ◽  
Alexandra Ene ◽  
Andreea Biro
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Enclosed Space

There are several physical parameters that are taken into consideration when determining the level of agreeability of an enclosed space. For instance, when choosing the louvers for a room there are a multitude of criteria that might be considered such as colour, material or the degree of opacity. However, these apparently small fixtures may have a significant impact also on other apparently unimportant factors like the sound pressure level and the reverberation time. This paper aims to present different types of devices used to control the way daylight enters a room, from both the illuminance level and the acoustical point of view. During the experimental campaign, five of the most common types of louvers were examined regarding their main role of blocking the light and moreover their influence on the reverberation time and sound pressure level in the analysed chamber.

The Investigation of the Hall Loudness Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 984-987
Author(s):  
Yang Sheng Cai ◽  
Cheng Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Loudness is one of the three basic parameters to assess the auditorium sound quality with reverberation time and balance together, it will be discussed in this paper. There are three expressions evaluating the loudness: listening level, the strength index and the mean forte sound pressure level of tutti-sound (LpF). Each of them has their merits and shortcomings. This paper will focus on these three expressions and the feasibility of checking and accepting acoustics of the hall by loudness.

The Acoustic Test Report of Three Outdoor Courtyard in Shenyang Palace Museum

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Chen ◽  
Dong Xu Zhang ◽  
Xin Xin Pan ◽  
Yang Cong
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Solid Foundation

Scientific community is still lacking of research in sound field characteristics of the Chinese traditional architecture courtyard currently, the author chose three outdoor courtyards sound field in Shenyang Palace Museum as the research object, and firstly used the sound cutting method to do system testing of the important acoustic indicators reverberation time T10 in the Palace courtyard, then placed a dodecahedron sound player as a continuous sound source in the courtyard, test the sound pressure level on the adjacent courtyard, the purpose is to analyze the sound privacy degree of the inner courtyard of the Palace. The results may help to understand the sound field characteristics of the palace courtyard, and lay a solid foundation for the future research.

Parameterization of the Voice Source by Combining Spectral Decay and Amplitude Features of the Glottal Flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 990-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paavo Alku ◽  
Erkki Vilkman ◽  
Anne-Maria Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
New Method ◽  
Inverse Filtering ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
Volume Velocity ◽  
Glottal Flow ◽  
The Voice

A new method is presented for the parameterization of glottal volume velocity waveforms that have been estimated by inverse filtering acoustic speech pressure signals. The new technique, Parameter for Spectral and Amplitude Features of the Glottal Flow (PSA), combines two features of voice production, the AC value and the spectral decay of the glottal flow, both of which contribute to changes in vocal loudness. PSA yields a single parameter that characterizes the glottal flow in different loudness conditions. By analyzing voices of 8 speakers it was shown that the new parameter correlates strongly with the sound pressure level of speech.

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