ANALISIS TEKNIKAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MOVING AVERAGE CONVERGENCE-DIVERGENCE DAN RELATIVE STRENGTH INDEX PADA SAHAM PERBANKAN

ABSTRACT Stock investment is an investment that has a high risk. An investor needs to do an investment analysis before deciding to invest. Investment analysis can be carried out using both fundamental and technical approaches. Technical analysis is often an option because it is fast and easy to apply. This study aims to examine the level of differences in the use of technical analysis with the moving average convergence-divergence (MACD) method and the relative strength index (RSI) as a means of making stock investment decisions. The research method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method. This research was conducted on a group of banking stocks that are included in LQ45. The results showed that there was no difference between the price of the buy signal and the sell signal before and after using the MACD and RSI methods. The results also show that there is no difference between the buy signal and the sell signal between MACD and RSI. Therefore, it can be stated that for the same object and period, the MACD and RSI methods produce the same investment decisions (buy signal and sell signal). Keywords: technical analysis, MACD, RSI, buy signal, sell signal ABSTRAK Investasi saham merupakanjenis investasi yang memiliki resiko tinggi. Seorang investor perlu melakukan analisis investasi sebelum memutuskan untuk berinvestasi. Analisis investasi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan fundamental dan teknikal. Analisis teknikal seringkali menjadi pilihan karena cepat dan mudah diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat perbedaan penggunaan analisa teknikal dengan metode moving average convergence-divergence (MACD) dan relative strength index (RSI) sebagai alat pengambilan keputusan investasi saham. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sekelompok saham perbankan yang termasuk dalam LQ45. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan harga antara sinyal beli dan sinyal jual sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan metode MACD maupun RSI. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara sinyal beli dan sinyal jual antara MACD dan RSI. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa untuk objek dan periode yang sama, metode MACD dan RSI menghasilkan keputusan investasi yang sama (sinyal beli dan sinyal jual). Kata kunci: analisa teknikal, MACD, RSI, sinyal beli, sinyal jual

Can the sedentary behavior of basketball and volleyball players impact bone mass and bone geometry?

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between sedentary behavior, bone mass, and bone geometry among young male basketball and volleyball players. This cross-sectional study included 55 adolescent basketball ( n = 21) and volleyball ( n = 34) players (14–17 years). Body composition (body mass index, fat mass, and lean mass) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, comprising bone mineral density, bone mineral content at the lumbar spine, and femoral neck. Bone geometry considered the femur strength index, section modulus, cross-sectional moment of inertia, and cross-sectional area. Dietary intake was obtained through a semiquantitative questionnaire, and the sedentary behavior, by the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire. Linear regression models, fitted by Bayesian methods, explored the variation of the variables by sport. Body composition and bone mass values were high for both sports, but there was no variation for body composition. Adjusting for age, there was no association of sedentary behavior on bone parameters. For femoral strength index, age had a moderate to large association with all bone indicators. Lastly, there was influence of sport (level-2 unit) on the estimates of the association between sedentary behavior and age with bone indicators, as uncertainty estimates for group-level effects were high. There is no association between sedentary behavior and bone parameters, showing that accumulated training loads (15+ h/wk) among young basketball and volleyball players are critical; producing a positive stimulus on bone parameters development.

Dietary Calcium Intake and Fat Mass in Spanish Young Adults: The Role of Muscle Strength

Obesity is declared as a chronic multifaceted health problem, and young adults may be particularly vulnerable to weight gain. This study aims to identify the role of dietary calcium intake and the muscle strength index in handling excess of fat mass in young adults and to examine if the relationship between dietary calcium intake and fat mass percentage is mediated by muscle strength. A cross-sectional study including 355 Spanish college students (aged 21.05 ± 3.11) was performed during the 2017–2018 academic year. Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated to determine the relationship between dietary calcium intake, fat mass percentage, body mass index, muscle strength components, and total energy intake. ANCOVA models were used to analyze the differences in the muscle strength index by total dietary calcium intake categories, as well as the differences in % fat mass by total dietary calcium intake and muscle strength index categories, controlling for different sets of confounders. A mediator analysis was conducted to test if the relationship between dietary calcium intake and fat mass percentage was explained by muscle strength. Data on the fat mass percentage, dietary calcium intake, and muscle strength index as the sum of the standardized z-score of the standing long jump and z-score of handgrip/weight were collected. The muscle strength index was significantly better in young adults with higher dietary calcium intake. Moreover, the fat mass percentage was significantly lower in those with a higher dietary calcium intake and a better muscle strength index. Finally, the relationship between dietary calcium intake and fat mass percentage was fully mediated by muscle strength (z = −1.90; p < 0.05), explaining 33.33% of this relationship. This study suggests that both a major dietary calcium intake and muscle strength are associated with fat mass percentage. Moreover, muscle strength mediates the link between dietary calcium intake and fat mass percentage. Therefore, both high dietary calcium intake and exercise activities aimed at improving muscle strength levels may help to prevent the cardiometabolic risk associated with an excess of fat mass in young people.

Correlation of ADIPOQ Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Bone Strength Index in Middle-Aged and the Elderly of Guangxi Mulam Ethnic Group

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a common orthopedic disease in the elderly, and Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is closely related to bone metabolism. Objective: To determine the relationship between five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the ADIPOQ gene and osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly Mulam subjects in Hechi, Guangxi. Methods: This case-control study included 297 middle-aged and elderly Mulam subjects with normal bone mass, 49 subjects with reduced bone mass, and 38 subjects with osteoporosis. Five loci (rs266729, rs1063539, rs2241766, rs3774261, rs710445) of the ADIPOQ in the Mulam subjects were genotyped using SNP with multiple-base extension. Results: The bone strength index (SI) of middle-aged and elderly Mulam subjects showed an overall decreasing trend when the subjects were older. Age, muscle mass, and subcutaneous fat content were the main factors influencing the SI in Mulam subjects. The GC genotype of rs266729 and the GA and GG genotypes of rs710445 were significantly correlated with risk of bone loss (p < 0.05). rs2241766 and rs1063539 showed strong LD (D’ > 0.8, r2 > 0.33). rs710445 and rs266729 loci and rs3774261 and rs2241766 loci showed complete LD (D’ = 1). Conclusions: The GC genotype at rs266729 of the ADIPOQ gene, the GA and GG genotypes at rs710445, and the haplotypes CCGAA and GGTAG correlated with osteoporosis (p < 0.05). The allele C of rs1063539, rs266729 and rs710445 may afford protection for osteoporosis. The allele G may be the genetic susceptibility gene for osteoporosis, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

Changes in Chorioretinal Flow Index after Cataract Surgery: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

PURPOSE: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) occurs in up to 2% of uneventful cataract surgeries. This study evaluates changes in macular blood flow succeeding uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extraction among otherwise visually healthy subjects.METHODS: This prospective study included 18 eyes of 18 patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was performed using the Angio-Retina 6x6mm protocol with the XR Avanti Angio-Vue system (Optovue Inc., Fremont, California) prior to the surgery and 4-8 weeks thereafter. Exclusion criteria included motion artifacts, segmentation errors and signal strength index (SSI) ˂40. The main outcome measure was change in flow index (FI) measured in all 4 retinal segmentation layers within an area of 1mm diameter around the foveal center.RESULTS: Following surgery, a significant increase in SSI (46.65±8.62 versus 53.12±8.07, p=0.01), superficial plexus FI (0.98±0.23 versus 1.16±0.16, p=0.02) and deep plexus FI (0.54±0.46 versus 0.93±0.39, p=0.01) was found. No significant changes were noted in the outer retina or the choriocapillaris. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a significant increase in FI in the superficial and deep retinal plexus following uneventful cataract surgery, with the greatest changes occurring in the latter. These findings corroborate evidence from structural imaging and support the vascular etiology of pseudophakic CME.

The influence of sports games on the psychophysical condition of students

Sports games are one of the most effective means for involvement of student youth in exercises and sports, increase their physical activity, which contributes to strengthening their health and motivation to engage in physical education and sports. Sports games contribute to the intensification of the process of development of motor skills of students and improve their psycho-emotional state. The article examines the influence of sports games on the psychophysical state of students. The study was conducted at the National Dragomanov Pedagogical University. The test involved 72 students, including 36 students engaged in various sport games (football, basketball, volleyball), and 36 students who attended scheduled physical education classes and did not additionally play sports. The psychophysical state of students was assessed according to the SAN method and indicators of body mass index, vital index, strength index, Robinson index. It was confirmed that sports games have a positive effect on physical development, functional and psycho-emotional states of students: students who were engaged in sport games at the end of the study had better indicators than students who attended scheduled physical education classes. The high level of indicators of psychophysical state of students will help to improve the success of mastering academic disciplines in the educational process, will provide preparation for active life and will improve their future professional activity.

Variable Heights Influence Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Reactive Strength Index during Drop Jump: An Experimental Study of Male High Jumpers

Introduction. This study finds the lower limbs’ reactive strength index and biomechanical parameters on variable heights. Objective. This research aims to reveal the effects of drop height on lower limbs’ reactive strength index and biomechanical parameters. Methods. Two AMTI force platforms and Vicon motion capture system were used to collect kinematic and dynamic signals of the lower limbs. Results. The drop height had significant effects on peak vertical ground reaction force and peak vertical ground reaction force in the extension phase, lower limbs’ support moment, eccentric power of the hip joint, eccentric power of the knee joint, eccentric power of the ankle joint, and concentric power of the hip joint. The drop height had no significant effects on the reactive strength index. Reactive strength index (RSI) had no significant correlations with the personal best of high jumpers. The optimal loading height for the maximum reactive strength index was 0.45 m. Conclusion. The optimal loading height for the reactive strength index can be used for explosive power training and lower extremity injury prevention.