scholarly journals Characterization of Yersinia pestis Interactions with Human Neutrophils In vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia C. Dudte ◽  
B. Joseph Hinnebusch ◽  
Jeffrey G. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Human Neutrophils

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a unique subpopulation (CALLA/CD10/negative) of human neutrophils manifesting a heightened chemotactic response to activated complement

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1624-1629
Author(s):  
RT McCormack ◽  
RD Nelson ◽  
DE Chenoweth ◽  
TW LeBien
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd10 Expression ◽  
Blood Neutrophils

We have previously demonstrated that human neutrophils synthesize the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA/CD10). To determine whether CALLA/CD10-positive and -negative neutrophils have similar or distinct functional attributes, we sorted normal peripheral blood neutrophils for CALLA/CD10 expression and compared their chemotactic ability. Surprisingly, the low-frequency (approximately 5%), CALLA/CD10- negative neutrophils displayed a dramatically heightened chemotactic response to activated complement (C') that was (a) specific for C', (b) not observed with other minor subpopulations of neutrophils, (c) not due to previous activation in vivo or in vitro, and (d) apparently not due to an increase in C5a receptors. These results underscore the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and prompt the hypothesis that CALLA/CD10-negative neutrophils may participate in an inflammatory response to trauma involving complement activation.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of synthetic leukotriene B and its stereochemical isomers.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Lewis ◽  
E J Goetzl ◽  
J M Drazen ◽  
N A Soter ◽  
K F Austen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity

Leukotriene B (LTB), a potent lipid chemotactic factor for neutrophils, is 5S,12R-dihydroxy-6,14-cis,8,10-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid (Fig 1), based upon direct comparison of natural LTB with synthetic 5S,12R-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,12-di-HETE) stereoisomers in three biological assays. Of the six synthetic stereoisomers evaluated, only the 5S,12R,6,14-cis,8,10-trans compound had chemotactic potency for human neutrophils in vitro that was comparable to that of natural LTB, with a concentration of 3 X 10(9-9) M eliciting a one-half maximum response. In contrast, the racemic mixture of 5R,12R- and 5S,12S-6,10-trans,8,14-cis, the racemic mixture of 5S,12R- and 5R,12S-6,10-trans,8,14-cis, the 5S,12R-6,8-trans,10,14-cis, the 5S,12R-6,8,10-trans,14-cis, and the 5S,12S-6,8,10-trans,14-cis stereoisomers required concentrations of 3 X 10(-7) to 1 X 10(-6) M to elicit comparable responses. Only natural LTB and its synthetic counterpart elicited a local neutrophil infiltration when injected into the skin of the rhesus monkey at 10 ng and 100 ng per site. Natural and synthetic LTB at a concentration of 3 X 10(-8) M each provoked an EC25 contractile response of guinea pig pulmonary parenchymal strips in vitro, whereas the other four tested stereoisomers of 5,12-di-HETE were inactive at this concentration. Structure-function analyses suggest that the neutrophil chemotactic activity depends critically upon the C-1 to C-12 domain, including the stereochemistry of the 6-,8-,and 10-olefinic bonds and the presence of both hydroxyl groups.

scholarly journals Characterization of Late Acyltransferase Genes of Yersinia pestis and Their Role in Temperature-Dependent Lipid A Variation

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 1381-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rebeil ◽  
Robert K. Ernst ◽  
Clayton O. Jarrett ◽  
Kristin N. Adams ◽  
Samuel I. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cecropin A ◽  
Dependent Change

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis is an important human pathogen that is maintained in flea-rodent enzootic cycles in many parts of the world. During its life cycle, Y. pestis senses host-specific environmental cues such as temperature and regulates gene expression appropriately to adapt to the insect or mammalian host. For example, Y. pestis synthesizes different forms of lipid A when grown at temperatures corresponding to the in vivo environments of the mammalian host and the flea vector. At 37°C, tetra-acylated lipid A is the major form; but at 26°C or below, hexa-acylated lipid A predominates. In this study, we show that the Y. pestis msbB (lpxM) and lpxP homologs encode the acyltransferases that add C12 and C16:1 groups, respectively, to lipid IVA to generate the hexa-acylated form, and that their expression is upregulated at 21°C in vitro and in the flea midgut. A Y. pestis ΔmsbB ΔlpxP double mutant that did not produce hexa-acylated lipid A was more sensitive to cecropin A, but not to polymyxin B. This mutant was able to infect and block fleas as well as the parental wild-type strain, indicating that the low-temperature-dependent change to hexa-acylated lipid A synthesis is not required for survival in the flea gut.

Characterization of the interactions of the pneumolysoid, Δ6 PLY, with human neutrophils in vitro

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (48) ◽  
pp. 8780-8782 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cockeran ◽  
H.C. Steel ◽  
A.J. Theron ◽  
T.J. Mitchell ◽  
C. Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Neutrophils

scholarly journals Characterization of Chromosomal Regions Conserved in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Lost by Yersinia pestis

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 4592-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavie Pouillot ◽  
Corinne Fayolle ◽  
Elisabeth Carniel
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Pcr Screening

ABSTRACT The transformation of the enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis into the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis, has been accompanied by extensive genetic loss. This study focused on chromosomal regions conserved in Y. pseudotuberculosis and lost during its transformation into Y. pestis. An extensive PCR screening of 78 strains of the two species identified five regions (R1 to R5) and four open reading frames (ORFs; orf1 to orf4) that were conserved in Y. pseudotuberculosis and absent from Y. pestis. Their conservation in Y. pseudotuberculosis suggests a positive selective pressure and a role during the life cycle of this species. Attempts to delete two ORFs (orf3 and orf4) from the chromosome of strain IP32953 were unsuccessful, indicating that they are essential for its viability. The seven remaining loci were individually deleted from the IP32953 chromosome, and the ability of each mutant to grow in vitro and to kill mice upon intragastric infection was evaluated. Four loci (orf1, R2, R4, and R5) were not required for optimal growth or virulence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. In contrast, orf2, encoding a putative pseudouridylate synthase involved in RNA stability, was necessary for the optimal growth of IP32953 at 37°C in a chemically defined medium (M63S). Deletion of R1, a region predicted to encode the methionine salvage pathway, altered the mutant pathogenicity, suggesting that the availability of free methionine is severely restricted in vivo. R3, a region composed mostly of genes of unknown functions, was necessary for both optimal growth of Y. pseudotuberculosis at 37°C in M63S and for virulence. Therefore, despite their loss in Y. pestis, five of the nine Y. pseudotuberculosis-specific chromosomal loci studied play a role in the survival, growth, or virulence of this species.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a unique subpopulation (CALLA/CD10/negative) of human neutrophils manifesting a heightened chemotactic response to activated complement

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1624-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT McCormack ◽  
RD Nelson ◽  
DE Chenoweth ◽  
TW LeBien
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd10 Expression ◽  
Blood Neutrophils

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that human neutrophils synthesize the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA/CD10). To determine whether CALLA/CD10-positive and -negative neutrophils have similar or distinct functional attributes, we sorted normal peripheral blood neutrophils for CALLA/CD10 expression and compared their chemotactic ability. Surprisingly, the low-frequency (approximately 5%), CALLA/CD10- negative neutrophils displayed a dramatically heightened chemotactic response to activated complement (C') that was (a) specific for C', (b) not observed with other minor subpopulations of neutrophils, (c) not due to previous activation in vivo or in vitro, and (d) apparently not due to an increase in C5a receptors. These results underscore the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and prompt the hypothesis that CALLA/CD10-negative neutrophils may participate in an inflammatory response to trauma involving complement activation.

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