scholarly journals Aberrant Gut-To-Brain Signaling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome - The Role of Bile Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín Ní Dhonnabháín ◽  
Qiao Xiao ◽  
Dervla O’Malley
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Symptom Manifestation

Functional bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common, multifactorial and have a major impact on the quality of life of individuals diagnosed with the condition. Heterogeneity in symptom manifestation, which includes changes in bowel habit and visceral pain sensitivity, are an indication of the complexity of the underlying pathophysiology. It is accepted that dysfunctional gut-brain communication, which incorporates efferent and afferent branches of the peripheral nervous system, circulating endocrine hormones and local paracrine and neurocrine factors, such as host and microbially-derived signaling molecules, underpins symptom manifestation. This review will focus on the potential role of hepatic bile acids in modulating gut-to-brain signaling in IBS patients. Bile acids are amphipathic molecules synthesized in the liver, which facilitate digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. They are also important bioactive signaling molecules however, binding to bile acid receptors which are expressed on many different cell types. Bile acids have potent anti-microbial actions and thereby shape intestinal bacterial profiles. In turn, bacteria with bile salt hydrolase activity initiate the critical first step in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Individuals with IBS are reported to have altered microbial profiles and modified bile acid pools. We have assessed the evidence to support a role for bile acids in the pathophysiology underlying the manifestation of IBS symptoms.

scholarly journals A review of the role of the gut microflora in irritable bowel syndrome and the effects of probiotics

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. s67-s72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. J. Madden ◽  
J. O. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Food Intolerance ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Faecal Microflora

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multi-factorial gastrointestinal condition affecting 8–22 % of the population with a higher prevalence in women and accounting for 20–50 % of referrals to gastroenterology clinics. It is characterised by abdominal pain, excessive flatus, variable bowel habit and abdominal bloating for which there is no evidence of detectable organic disease. Suggested aetiologies include gut motility and psychological disorders, psychophysiological phenomena and colonic malfermentation. The faecal microflora in IBS has been shown to be abnormal with higher numbers of facultative organisms and low numbers of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Although there is no evidence of food allergy in IBS, food intolerance has been identified and exclusion diets are beneficial to many IBS patients. Food intolerance may be due to abnormal fermentation of food residues in the colon, as a result of disruption of the normal flora. The role of probiotics in IBS has not been clearly defined. Some studies have shown improvements in pain and flatulence in response to probiotic administration, whilst others have shown no symptomatic improvement. It is possible that the future role of probiotics in IBS will lie in prevention, rather than cure.

scholarly journals The role of abuse in the development of irritable bowel syndrome: a comparative study

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
G Eileen Rossouw ◽  
Anita D Stuart ◽  
H Gertie Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Bowel Disorder

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is defined as a chronic relapsing functional bowel disorder of unknown causes which is characterised by attacks of abdominal pain and change of bowel habit resulting in diarrhoea or constipation or both. Opsomming Prikkelbare Dermsindroom (PDS) word gedefinieer as ’n chroniese, herhalende, funksionele ingewandsversteuring wat gekenmerk word deur aanvalle van buikpyn en ‘n verandering in ingewandsgewoontes, wat diarree of hardlywigheid, of beide, tot gevolg het. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Su1577 – Understanding the Role of Bile Acids in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-570
Author(s):  
Crystal S. James ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Wayne Young ◽  
Warren McNabb ◽  
Richard B. Gearry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals A9 BACTERIAL BILE SALT HYDROLASE GENE ABUNDANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH RORC GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
C Hernandez-Rocha ◽  
K Borowski ◽  
W Turpin ◽  
M Smith ◽  
J Stempak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Biopsy Site ◽  
Endoscopic Score

Abstract Background The role of gut microbes involved in bile acid metabolism and their impact on mucosal immune regulation is beginning to be appreciated. For instance, changes in microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity which deconjugates bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic mice, significantly alters gene expression patterns of immune-related genes in ileum. Moreover, bile acid dysmetabolism may participate in the chronic inflammation loop of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims We carried out an integrated mucosal microbiome-transcriptome analysis to elucidate associations between microbial bile-acid metabolizing function and host gene expression. Methods Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD unclassified (IBDU) patients were recruited prior to scheduled colonoscopy performed as part of clinical care. Only patients with non-inflamed mucosa defined as a segmental simple endoscopic score 0–2 in CD and a segmental Mayo endoscopic score of 0 in UC/IBDU were included in this analysis to minimize the effect of inflammation on gene expression. Biopsy samples were obtained from terminal ileum, ascending colon and sigmoid colon, and microbial DNA and human RNA was extracted. V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and the relative abundance of bile acid-metabolizing genes was inferred using PICRUSt. RNA-seq was used to sequence total human RNA and a supervised transcript reduction analysis focus upon 65 genes previously associated with bile acid metabolism and IBD was utilized. Associations between microbiome clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), transcriptome, diagnosis (CD vs UC/IBDU), and biopsy site were analyzed using linear mixed-effects model with lmer4 function in R. An adjusted-p value after false discovery rate correction < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 126 samples from 86 subjects were analyzed corresponding to 35 CD and 51 UC/IBDU. Mean age for the total cohort was 34.7 ± 11 years and 35 (40.6%) were females. There was a significant negative correlation between relative abundance of bacterial bsh genes (COG3049) and human RORC gene (p < 0.03). This association was independent of type of diagnosis and biopsy site. There was no association among other analyzed bacterial COGs and host genes. Conclusions Using an integrative microbiome-host transcriptome approach, our data provide new evidence linking microbial bile acid deconjugation (bsh genes) and host gene expression in the mucosal-luminal interface in quiescent IBD-affected tissue. Nuclear receptor RORC is pivotal in the differentiation and function of innate lymphoid cells and T-helper 17 cells. Modulation of this pathway by bile acids or gut bacteria involved in their metabolism could shed light on the immune role of bile acids in IBD patients. Funding Agencies CAG, CIHRNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

P.32 BOWEL HABIT SUBTYPES IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: THE ROLE OF DIARY CARDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. S114
Author(s):  
M. Coletta ◽  
L. Di Palma ◽  
C. Tomba ◽  
G. Basilisco
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Therapeutic targeting of bile acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (4) ◽  
pp. G209-G215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Gregory J. Gores
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Bile Acid Receptor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The first objectives of this article are to review the structure, chemistry, and physiology of bile acids and the types of bile acid malabsorption observed in clinical practice. The second major theme addresses the classical or known properties of bile acids, such as the role of bile acid sequestration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapeutics, from traditional oriental medicine to being, until recently, the drug of choice in cholestatic liver diseases; and the potential for normalizing diverse bowel dysfunctions in irritable bowel syndrome, either by sequestering intraluminal bile acids for diarrhea or by delivering more bile acids to the colon to relieve constipation. The final objective addresses novel concepts and therapeutic opportunities such as the interaction of bile acids and the microbiome to control colonic infections, as in Clostridium difficile-associated colitis, and bile acid targeting of the farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 with consequent effects on energy expenditure, fat metabolism, and glycemic control.

Bile acid diarrhoea: Current and potential methods of diagnosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 000456322096613
Author(s):  
Lauren E Hughes ◽  
Clare Ford ◽  
Matthew J Brookes ◽  
Rousseau Gama
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Acid Test

Chronic diarrhoea is common and mostly due to diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome affects about 11% of the population; however, up to a third of these patients actually have bile acid diarrhoea. There are, therefore, more than one million sufferers of bile acid diarrhoea in the UK. Bile acid diarrhoea is caused by small bowel malabsorption of bile acids and the increased bile acids in the large intestine cause diarrhoea. Once diagnosed, the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea is simple and effective. Bile acid diarrhoea , however, is often not diagnosed because of a lack of easily available and reliable diagnostic methods. In the United Kingdom, the radiolabelled 23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid test is the gold-standard method of diagnosis. 23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid test, however, is expensive, inconvenient to the patient, involves radiation exposure and has limited availability. As such, a laboratory biomarker is desirable. This review briefly discusses the pathophysiology and management of bile acid diarrhoea and critically evaluates methods for its diagnosis, including serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, faecal bile acid measurement, serum fibroblast growth factor 19, urine-2-propanol, and the 14C-glycocholate breath and stool test.

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