Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder worldwide and is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, immunomodulation, gut microbiota alterations, and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. The aim of our study was to investigate specific types of microbiota-derived metabolites, especially bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, serotonin and hypoxanthine, which are all implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS. Metabolites-focused research has identified multiple microbial targets relevant to IBS patients, important roles of microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of IBS symptoms have been established. Thus, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the different subtypes of IBS (constipation-predominant IBS-C, diarrhea-predominant IBS-D) and present controversial views regarding the role of microbiota in IBS.

IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF CONSTITUENTS FROM APPLE AND PASSION FRUIT FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISORDER TARGETING INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY

Inflammatory bowel disorder is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine with greater prevalence among the Indian population. Our focus is to explore and compare the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents from apple and passion fruit by assessing the affinity with the target sites such as JAK/STAT, MPO and iNOS by molecular docking studies. ADMET prediction and drug-likeness were also conducted to screen out the best-fit ligands, whic are expected to be biologically effective. Few selected constituents displayed considerable binding affinity with the selected targets in our docking study. Interestingly, ligands of phenolic nature displayed the highest inhibitory activity by forming strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force with the amino acid residues of the target protein. Comparative study proves that constituents of apple showed better effect than passion fruit. It helps to give the existing information to identify precise targets for the selected drugs. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation needs to be done for obtaining the confirmatory results.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Childhood rumination syndrome

Rumination syndrome is a functional bowel disorder where stomach contents effortlessly regurgitate into the mouth. It is an entirely separate entity to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and requires behavioural rather than pharmaceutical management. Symptoms usually respond well to treatment, though in extreme cases, patients may experience significant weight loss and require inpatient admission.

An overlook on various causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which is classified as a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is a chronic condition of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Not easily characterized by structural abnormalities, infection, or metabolic disturbances, the underlying mechanisms of IBS have for many years remained unclear. Recent research, however, has lead to an increased understanding of IBS. As a result, IBS is now considered an organic and, most likely, neurologic bowel disorder. The symptoms of the condition do not leave any visible signs of damage or disease on the digestive tract, making IBS hard to study microscopically. In this article we have tried to give an overlook over the causes of IBS.