scholarly journals Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektionen und impfinduzierte Immunität: die Rolle von soziodemografischen Determinanten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Brodzinski ◽  
Angela Neumeyer-Gromen ◽  
Sandra Dudareva ◽  
Ruth Zimmermann ◽  
Ute Latza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Vulnerable Gruppen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Trotz niedriger Prävalenz der Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV-)Infektion in Deutschland ist es wichtig, vulnerable Gruppen und Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention zu identifizieren. In ersten Analysen der „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1, 2008–2011) waren HBV-Infektion und -Impfung mit sozidemografischen Determinanten assoziiert. In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse im Detail untersucht. Material und Methoden In DEGS1 lag für 7046 Teilnehmende (Alter: 18–79 Jahre) eine HBV-Serologie vor. Die stattgehabte HBV-Infektion war durch Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-B-Core-Antigen (Anti-HBc) definiert, die impfinduzierte Immunität durch alleinigen Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das Hepatitis-B-Surface-Antigen (Anti-HBs). Seroprävalenzen von HBV-Infektions- und -Impfstatus wurden geschlechtsstratifiziert geschätzt und Assoziationen mit Alter, Gemeindegröße, Einkommen, formaler Bildung, Krankenversicherung und Migrationsgeneration in logistischen Regressionen analysiert. Ergebnisse Die HBV-Infektion war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 34–64 und ≥ 65 Jahre, erster Migrationsgeneration und Leben in größeren Gemeinden assoziiert, zudem bei Männern mit niedrigem Einkommen und bei Frauen mit niedriger Bildung. Die impfinduzierte Immunität war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 18–33 und 34–64 Jahre, mittlerer und hoher Bildung und hohem Einkommen assoziiert, darüber hinaus bei Männern mit mittlerem Einkommen und privater Krankenversicherung und bei Frauen mit fehlendem Migrationshintergrund. Diskussion Die Berücksichtigung von Migrationsstatus, Einkommen und Bildung könnte zur zielgenauen Ausrichtung der HBV-Prävention beitragen.

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Lymphoma Patients With Prior Resolved Hepatitis B Undergoing Anticancer Therapy With or Without Rituximab

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Yeo ◽  
Tung C. Chan ◽  
Nancy W.Y. Leung ◽  
Wai Y. Lam ◽  
Frankie K.F. Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
B Virus

Purpose Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-recognized complication in cancer patients with chronic HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive) undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. In patients who have resolved HBV (HBsAg negative and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc] ± antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs] positive), such incidence has been much less common until recent use of rituximab. In this study on HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc–positive lymphoma patients, the objectives were to determine the HBV reactivation rate in patients treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy and to compare it with the rate in patients treated without rituximab. Patients and Methods Between January 2003 and December 2006, all patients diagnosed with CD20+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) had HBsAg determined before anticancer therapy. They were treated with either cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) alone or rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP). HBsAg-negative patients had anti-HBc determined; serum was stored for anti-HBs and HBV DNA. All patients were observed for HBV reactivation, which was defined as detectable HBV DNA with ALT elevation during and for 6 months after anticancer therapy. Results Among 104 CD20+ DLBCL patients, 80 were HBsAg negative. Of the latter, 46 patients (44.2%) were HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive; 25 of these patients were treated with CHOP, and none had HBV reactivation. In contrast, among the 21 patients treated with R-CHOP, five developed HBV reactivation, including one patient who died of hepatic failure (P = .0148). Exploratory analysis identified male sex, absence of anti-HBs, and use of rituximab to be predictive of HBV reactivation. Conclusion Among HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc–positive DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, 25% developed HBV reactivation. Close monitoring until at least 6 months after anticancer therapy is required, with an alternative approach of prophylactic antiviral therapy to prevent this potentially fatal condition.

Serologic Evidence for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Hemophilia B

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay H Hoofnagle ◽  
David Aronson ◽  
Harold Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
North And South America

SummaryAmong sera from 160 patients with hemophilia B from 9 centers in Europe and North and South America, 2.5% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 60% for antibody to HBsAg, and 31% for antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen. Evidence of exposure to the hepatitis B virus appeared to be related to severity of disease and age rather than the source and method of manufacturer of factor IX concentrate.

Persistence of serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
B G Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen

The purpose of the present study was to measure the amount of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in different populations by the immunoelectroosmophoresis method. High titers of anti-HBc, up to 1/4,096, were found in the acute stage of hepatitis B virus infections and in the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B surface antigen. In cases of acute hepatitis the anti-HBc titers gradually declined to low levels but persisted for the observation time of 5 to 6 years. Individuals positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens selected from a Swedish "normal" population showed still lower anti-HBc titers, indicating that the hepatitis B infection had occurred earlier. The anti-HBc titers in sera drawn at intervals of 4 years from a group of hemophilia patients may indicate previous infection with replicating hepatitis B virus rather than immunization with noninfectious hepatitis B core antigen material.

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation by Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: Risk Analysis in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-negative Cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2209-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASARU KATO ◽  
TATSUYA ATSUMI ◽  
TAKASHI KURITA ◽  
TOSHIO ODANI ◽  
YUICHIRO FUJIEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
B Virus

Objective.To evaluate the risk of reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) by immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods.Thirty-five patients with autoimmune diseases were included in our study; all were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen-positive. They were followed for 8–124 weeks and clinical outcomes were analyzed, including serum levels of HBV-DNA and aminotransferase every 4 weeks during their immunosuppressive therapy for underlying autoimmune diseases. If HBV-DNA was detected during the immunosuppressive therapy, HBsAg, antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and antibody against HBeAg were also monitored every 4 weeks.Results.HBV-DNA was detected in 6 out of 35 patients. Anti-HBs titer was significantly lower in the patients in whom HBV-DNA was detected compared with the others at baseline: 2.83 (range 0.24–168.50) mIU/ml vs 99.94 (range 0.00–5342.98) mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.036). Outcomes of the 6 patients with HBV reactivation were as follows: HBV-DNA turned negative in 2 patients without nucleic acid analog (NAA) and 1 with NAA; 2 died due to bacterial sepsis; and 1 died due to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Significant elevation of aminotransferase was found in only 1 patient, but HBsAg converted to positive in 2 patients and HBeAg converted to positive in 1 patient.Conclusion.Reactivation of resolved HBV can occur during standard immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases. The low titer of baseline anti-HBs may carry its risk.

scholarly journals The Functions of Hepatitis B Virus Encoding Proteins: Viral Persistence and Liver Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Xie ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hongli Yu ◽  
Miaomiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Envelope Antigen

About 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), contributing to a large burden on public health. Despite the existence of vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent infection and suppress viral replication respectively, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure remains a remote treatment goal. The viral persistence caused by HBV is account for the chronic infection which increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV virion utilizes various strategies to escape surveillance of host immune system therefore enhancing its replication, while the precise mechanisms involved remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that the proteins encoded by HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis B envelope antigen, HBx and polymerase) play an important role in viral persistence and liver pathogenesis. This review summarizes the major findings in functions of HBV encoding proteins, illustrating how these proteins affect hepatocytes and the immune system, which may open new venues for CHB therapies.

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