scholarly journals Development of PDA Nanoparticles for H9N2 Avian Influenza BPP-V/BP-IV Epitope Peptide Vaccines: Immunogenicity and Delivery Efficiency Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqing Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Jiangfei Zhou ◽  
Shuaibing Shi ◽  
Tengfei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Epitope Peptide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Epitope Vaccines

The protection of current influenza vaccines is limited due to the viral antigenic shifts and antigenic drifts. The universal influenza vaccine is a new hotspot in vaccine research that aims to overcome these problems. Polydopamine (PDA), a versatile biomaterial, has the advantages of an excellent biocompatibility, controllable particle size, and distinctive drug loading approach in drug delivery systems. To enhance the immunogenicities and delivery efficiencies of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) epitope peptide vaccines, PDA nanoparticles conjugated with the BPP-V and BP-IV epitope peptides were used to prepare the nano BPP-V and BP-IV epitope peptide vaccines, respectively. The characteristics of the newly developed epitope peptide vaccines were then evaluated, revealing particle sizes ranging from approximately 240 to 290 nm (PDI<0.3), indicating that the synthesized nanoparticles were stable. Simultaneously, the immunoprotective effects of nano BPP-V and BP-IV epitope peptide vaccines were assessed. The nano BPP-V and BP-IV epitope vaccines, especially nano BP-IV epitope vaccine, quickly induced anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody production and a sustained immune response, significantly promoted humoral and cellular immune responses, reduced viral lung damage and provided effective protection against AIV viral infection. Together, these results reveal that PDA, as a delivery carrier, can improve the immunogenicities and delivery efficiencies of H9N2 AIV nano epitope vaccines, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the design and development of PDA as a carrier of new universal influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines as Correlates of Universal Protection against Influenza Viruses

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Yo Han Jang ◽  
Baik L. Seong
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Influenza virus infection remains a major public health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality by annual epidemics and intermittent pandemics. Although current seasonal influenza vaccines provide efficient protection, antigenic changes of the viruses often significantly compromise the protection efficacy of vaccines, rendering most populations vulnerable to the viral infection. Considerable efforts have been made to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) able to confer long-lasting and broad protection. Recent studies have characterized multiple immune correlates required for providing broad protection against influenza viruses, including neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, antibody effector functions, T cell responses, and mucosal immunity. To induce broadly protective immune responses by vaccination, various strategies using live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) and novel vaccine platforms are under investigation. Despite superior cross-protection ability, very little attention has been paid to LAIVs for the development of UIV. This review focuses on immune responses induced by LAIVs, with special emphasis placed on the breadth and the potency of individual immune correlates. The promising prospect of LAIVs to serve as an attractive and reliable vaccine platforms for a UIV is also discussed. Several important issues that should be addressed with respect to the use of LAIVs as UIV are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Generation of a recombinant chickenized monoclonal antibody against the neuraminidase of H9N2 avian influenza virus

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Zhimin Wan ◽  
Hongxia Shao ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus

scholarly journals The potency of newly development H5N8 and H9N2 avian influenza vaccines against the isolated strains in laying hens from Egypt during 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. E. Hegazy ◽  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Abeer F. I. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed.T. El-Saadony ◽  
Salama Mostafa Aboelenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Influenza Vaccines

scholarly journals M2e-Based Influenza Vaccines with Nucleoprotein: A Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Mei Peng Tan ◽  
Wen Siang Tan ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen ◽  
Wei Boon Yap
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Discovery of conserved antigens for universal influenza vaccines warrants solutions to a number of concerns pertinent to the currently licensed influenza vaccines, such as annual reformulation and mismatching with the circulating subtypes. The latter causes low vaccine efficacies, and hence leads to severe disease complications and high hospitalization rates among susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. A universal influenza vaccine ensures cross-protection against all influenza subtypes due to the presence of conserved epitopes that are found in the majority of, if not all, influenza types and subtypes, e.g., influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and nucleoprotein (NP). Despite its relatively low immunogenicity, influenza M2e has been proven to induce humoral responses in human recipients. Influenza NP, on the other hand, promotes remarkable anti-influenza T-cell responses. Additionally, NP subunits are able to assemble into particles which can be further exploited as an adjuvant carrier for M2e peptide. Practically, the T-cell immunodominance of NP can be transferred to M2e when it is fused and expressed as a chimeric protein in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli without compromising the antigenicity. Given the ability of NP-M2e fusion protein in inducing cross-protective anti-influenza cell-mediated and humoral immunity, its potential as a universal influenza vaccine is therefore worth further exploration.

scholarly journals Influenza Anti-Stalk Antibodies: Development of a New Method for the Evaluation of the Immune Responses to Universal Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Agnieszka Katarzyna Maciola ◽  
Claudia Maria Trombetta ◽  
Otfried Kistner ◽  
Elisa Casa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Hemagglutinin Protein ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Growing interest in universal influenza vaccines and novel administration routes has led to the development of alternative serological assays that are able to detect antibodies against conserved epitopes. We present a competitive ELISA method that is able to accurately determine the ratio of serum immunoglobulin G directed against the different domains of the hemagglutinin, the head and the stalk. Human serum samples were treated with two variants of the hemagglutinin protein from the A/California/7/2009 influenza virus. The signals detected were assigned to different groups of antibodies and presented as a ratio between head and stalk domains. A subset of selected sera was also tested by hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, microneutralization, and enzyme-linked lectin assays. Pre-vaccination samples from adults showed a quite high presence of anti-stalk antibodies, and the results were substantially in line with those of the classical serological assays. By contrast, pre-vaccination samples from children did not present anti-stalk antibodies, and the majority of the anti-hemagglutinin antibodies that were detected after vaccination were directed against the head domain. The presented approach, when supported by further assays, can be used to assess the presence of specific anti-stalk antibodies and the potential boost of broadly protective antibodies, especially in the case of novel universal influenza vaccine approaches.

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