scholarly journals Causes of Mortality for Endangered Antillean Manatees in Cuba

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmari Alvarez-Alemán ◽  
Eddy García Alfonso ◽  
James A. Powell ◽  
Charles A. Jacoby ◽  
James D. Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Antillean Manatees ◽  
Causes Of Deaths

The Antillean manatee is categorized as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature primarily due to its low abundance. Further declines in abundance are expected due to a group of human related threats that include illegal hunting, fatal interactions with fishing gear, increasing watercraft traffic, and pollution. The nature of current threats is not well described for every critical population of manatees. In particular, threats to manatees have not been documented or evaluated in a systematic manner in coastal waters surrounding Cuba, which is a major reason why plans specifically addressing conservation of manatees in Cuba have not been implemented. To address this lack of information, we assessed patterns in various threats by reviewing reports of stranded (alive or dead) and captured manatees, with some reports being historical and others consistently available since 2001. For 94% of the contemporary cases, carcasses of dead animals were reported; the remainder (6%) involved live manatees and subsequent efforts to rescue and rehabilitate them. Documented causes of mortality included poaching (38%), entanglement in fishing gear (10%), deaths of dependent calves (2.5%), and boat collisions (2.5%). The cause of death for the remaining 47% of reports could not be determined. Mortalities were highest in areas with intensive commercial fishing effort, and mortalities in marine protected areas indicated a need for improved management. These initial findings provide the first estimates of the magnitude of mortality of manatees in Cuba and yield valuable insights into the causes of deaths. The existence of intense and poorly regulated fishing in certain areas, including protected areas, represents a potentially significant threat to manatees. The effects and management of this activity, especially in habitats that are critical for manatees, merit further attention.

scholarly journals Lack of recreational fishing compliance may compromise effectiveness of Rockfish Conservation Areas in British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Haggarty ◽  
Steve J.D. Martell ◽  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Recovery Education

Compliance with spatial fishing regulations (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing closures) is one of the most important, yet rarely measured, determinants of ecological recovery. We used aerial observations of recreational fishing events from creel surveys before, during, and after 77 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were established in British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence of a change in fishing effort in 83% of the RCAs, and effort in five RCAs increased after establishment. Fishing effort in open areas adjacent to the RCAs declined with time and was higher than effort in the RCAs in all 3 years. Next, we used compliance data for 105 RCAs around Vancouver Island to model the drivers of compliance. Compliance was related to the level of fishing effort around the RCA, the size and perimeter-to-area ratio of RCAs, proximity to fishing lodges, and the level of enforcement. Noncompliance in RCAs may be hampering their effectiveness and impeding rockfish recovery. Education and enforcement efforts to reduce fishing effort inside protected areas are critical to the recovery of depleted fish stocks.

scholarly journals Fishing-gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Campbell ◽  
Graham J. Edgar ◽  
Rick D. Stuart-Smith ◽  
German Soler ◽  
Amanda E. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Coral Reef Fishes ◽  
Fishing Gear

scholarly journals Evidence that spillover from Marine Protected Areas benefits the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery in southern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter S. Lenihan ◽  
Jordan P. Gallagher ◽  
Joseph R. Peters ◽  
Adrian C. Stier ◽  
Jennifer K. K. Hofmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased egg and larval production, or the spillover of mobile juveniles and adults. Whether spillover influences fishery landings depend on the population status and movement patterns of target species both inside and outside of MPAs, as well as the status of the fishery and behavior of the fleet. We tested whether an increase in the lobster population inside two newly established MPAs influenced local catch, fishing effort, and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) within the sustainable California spiny lobster fishery. We found greater build-up of lobsters within MPAs relative to unprotected areas, and greater increases in fishing effort and total lobster catch, but not CPUE, in fishing zones containing MPAs vs. those without MPAs. Our results show that a 35% reduction in fishing area resulting from MPA designation was compensated for by a 225% increase in total catch after 6-years, thus indicating at a local scale that the trade-off of fishing ground for no-fishing zones benefitted the fishery.

Interactions of productivity, predation risk, and fishing effort in the efficacy of marine protected areas for the central Pacific

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J.D. Martell ◽  
Timothy E Essington ◽  
Bob Lessard ◽  
James F Kitchell ◽  
Carl J Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Catch Statistics

Ecospace biomass-dynamics models for the central North Pacific predict strong space-time variation in abundances of various trophic groups in relation to nutrient-driven patterns in primary production and circulation-driven concentration of production in convergence areas. The model predicts simple patterns in ecosystem organization and abundances along productivity gradients. Predicted patterns are robust to alternative assumptions about how mobile organisms may alter dispersal behavior in relation to local fitness (per capita gain from net food intake minus predation mortality). Large marine protected areas (MPAs) would be needed to rebuild endangered populations and counter impacts of growing fishing effort. We expected that increases in dispersal rate in response to lower food availability and higher predation risk would reduce efficacy of MPAs as a management tool. Instead, simulations indicated that this negative effect may generally be eliminated or even reversed by positive effects of fitness-maximizing behaviors. Interannual variability in ocean circulation can further reduce the efficacy of MPAs; therefore, the dynamic nature of pelagic environments should also be considered in MPA design. Anomalies in ocean circulation may shift productive areas relative to MPA location, resulting in increased fishing mortality and (or) misinterpretation of catch statistics.

scholarly journals MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES POLICY FORMULATION AND THE ROLE OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AS TOOL FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
D. G.R. Wiadnya ◽  
P. J. Mous ◽  
R. Djohani ◽  
M. V. Erdmann ◽  
A. Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fisheries Policy

The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries states that conservation and management decisions for fisheries should be based on the best scientific evidence available. Studies show that most of Indonesia's capture fisheries are either full or over-exploited. However, the fishery sector is still expected to contribute to the increase of Indonesia's GNP through an increase in total catches. Furthermore, the current practice of using catch-effort data and Maximum Sustainable Yield models to inform Indonesia’s fisheries policies is flawed, putting sustainability and long-term profitability of Indonesia's fisheries at risk. In this paper, the authors argue that to ensure the survival of Indonesia's fish stocks and fisheries: fisheries policy must shift from development-oriented management towards management for sustainability. Furthermore, fisheries managers must accept that 'untapped resources' may not exist or cannot be exploited profitably, and that any transfer of fishing effort between fishing grounds may contribute to collapse of local fisheries. Also, fisheries managers should change the management paradigm from MSY models to eco-system based management, wherein Marine Protected Areas should play an important role.

Ecosystem-Based Management and Marine Protected Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Ulrike Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Total Fish

Ecosystem-Based Management and Marine Protected Areas. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) can be seen as a comprehensive strategy that includes the concern about the sustainable yield of fish alongside the ecosystem impacts of fishing and the impacts of fisheries management on human communities. While preventing overfishing goes a long way toward reaching its objective, protecting sensitive habitats from damaging fishing gear and reducing or eliminating bycatch of birds, mammals, and turtles must be given their due importance. Consideration should also be given to the trophic knock-on effects of fishing for one species that may cause other species less or more abundant. Marine protected areas are still considered the magic key to EBM, but their impact on total fish abundance has rarely been evaluated.

scholarly journals Lack of recreational fishing compliance may compromise effectiveness of Rockfish Conservation Areas in British Columbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana R. Haggarty ◽  
Steve J.D. Martell ◽  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Recovery Education

Compliance with spatial fishing regulations (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing closures) is one of the most important, yet rarely measured, determinants of ecological recovery. We used aerial observations of recreational fishing events from creel surveys before, during, and after 77 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were established in British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence of a change in fishing effort in 83% of the RCAs, and effort in five RCAs increased after establishment. Fishing effort in open areas adjacent to the RCAs declined with time and was higher than effort in the RCAs in all 3 years. Next, we used compliance data for 105 RCAs around Vancouver Island to model the drivers of compliance. Compliance was related to the level of fishing effort around the RCA, the size and perimeter-to-area ratio of RCAs, proximity to fishing lodges, and the level of enforcement. Noncompliance in RCAs may be hampering their effectiveness and impeding rockfish recovery. Education and enforcement efforts to reduce fishing effort inside protected areas are critical to the recovery of depleted fish stocks.

Management effectiveness in marine protected areas for conservation of Antillean manatees on the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1193
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Robles Herrejón ◽  
Benjamín Morales‐Vela ◽  
Alejandro Ortega‐Argueta ◽  
Carmen Pozo ◽  
León David Olivera‐Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Antillean Manatees

scholarly journals Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jennings ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
J. G. Hiddink
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fishing Impacts

Abstract Jennings, S., Lee, J., and Hiddink, J. G. 2012. Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1053–1063. European and national policy commitments require further integration of fisheries and environmental management. We measured fishery footprints and assessed trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and beam trawling impacts in UK territorial waters in the southern and central North Sea where marine spatial planning is underway and a network of Marine Protected Areas has been proposed. For fleets (UK and non-UK) and years (2006–2010) considered, total trawled area included extensive ‘margins’ that always accounted for a smaller proportion of total fishing effort and value (proportions investigated were ≤10, 20, or 30%) than their proportional contribution to total habitat sensitivity and trawling impact. Interannual and fleet-related differences in the distribution and intensity of trawling activity, driven by location choice and fisheries regulations, had more influence on overall trawling impacts than the exclusion of beam trawlers from a proposed network of Marine Protected Areas. If reducing habitat impacts is adopted as an objective of fisheries or environmental management, then the direct management of fishing footprints, e.g. by defining fishing grounds that exclude existing margins, can disproportionately reduce trawling impacts per unit effort or value.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document