scholarly journals How to Estimate the Binder: Aggregate Ratio From Lime-Based Historic Mortars for Restoration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Máximo Silva Loureiro ◽  
Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz ◽  
Rômulo Simões Angélica
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Adequate Accuracy ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Historic Mortars ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

One of the most important studies from historic mortars is the binder:aggregate ratio, which is usually obtained through wet chemical analysis. Instrumental techniques and benchtop equipment have become increasingly important tools in the characterization of historic materials. The analysis of such materials has become more practical, faster and more accurate, and the sample preparation methods require less and less material. Thus, this article aims to investigate the validity of the results obtained by some of the methods and techniques used in historic materials analysis and determine the possibility of estimating the binder:aggregate ratio with adequate accuracy and precision. For this purpose, historic mortars from Belém do Pará, in northern Brazil, were selected, and the following quantification techniques were employed: wet chemical analysis, XRD, DSC and XRF. The results showed that the amounts of the components in the mortars could be quantified with the use of approximately 3 g of sample, thus providing one of the main pieces of information needed for the production of a restoration mortar: the binder:aggregate ratio.

Sample Preparation Optimization for EDXRF Analysis of Portland Cement

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Wayne Watson ◽  
Jim Parker ◽  
Anthony R. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Analytical Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Detection Limits ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

AbstractVarious sample preparation methods for Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of Portland cement were compared in order to evaluate improvement in analytical accuracy and precision. Sample preparation requirements for EDXRF are slightly different than for Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF), and the methods commonly used in WDXRF are not optimized for EDXRF. Primarily, the work focuses on techniques for producing a fused sample with the lowest practical concentration of lithium borate flux. Determination of minimum detection limits were made from samples with varying proportions of flux in order to evaluate analytical optimization. Ease and reproducibility of preparation of the sample was also considered.

scholarly journals Commentary: Considerations in the Measurement of Glass Transition Temperatures of Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solids

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Newman ◽  
George Zografi
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

AbstractAn increased interest in using amorphous solid forms in pharmaceutical applications to increase solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability has generated a need for better characterization of key properties, such as the glass transition (Tg) temperature. Although many laboratories measure and report this value, the details around these measurements are often vague or misunderstood. In this article, we attempt to highlight and compare various aspects of the two most common methods used to measure pharmaceutical Tg values, conventional and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Issues that directly impact the Tg, such as instrumental parameters, sample preparation methods, data analysis, and “wet” vs. “dry” measurements, are discussed.

Modern Sample Preparation Methods in Chemical Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgis Theodoridis ◽  
I. N. Papadoyannis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Modern Sample ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

Characterization of Mechanical Deformation of Nanoscale Volumes

2002 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Perrey ◽  
William M. Mook ◽  
C. Barry Carter ◽  
William W. Gerberich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Tem Characterization ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of nanoscale volumes and their associated defect structure are key to many future applications in nanoengineered products. In this study, techniques of mechanical testing and microscopy have been applied to better understand the mechanical behavior of nanoscale volumes. Nanoindentation has been used to investigate important mechanical material parameters such as the elastic modulus and hardness for single nanoparticles. New sample preparation methods must be developed to allow the necessary TEM characterization of the inherent and induced defect structure of these nanoparticles. Issues of chemical homogeneity, crystallinity, and defect characteristics at the nanoscale are being addressed in this study. This integration of investigative methods will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials and insights into the nature of defects in materials at the nanoscale.

scholarly journals Chemical and physical investigations of historic mortars in St. John’s Church (Cesis, Latvia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inta Kirilovica ◽  
Margarita Karpe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Historic Mortars ◽  
The City ◽  
Brick Dust

This paper deals with the stone material investigation of St. John’s Church, located in Cesis, the city in central region of Latvia. Following aspects were considered – chemical, physical and granulometrical characterization of historic mortars, as well as the level of soluble salts in the masonry. The chemical and physical properties of the historical mortars were characterized by visual observation, granulometric analysis, classical wet chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and hydro tests. The results showed that the historic mortars are based on two types of weakly hydraulic lime – calcitic and dolomitic – with brick dust additive. The main crystallized salt in the object was KNO3. The aim of the investigation was to provide compatibility of restoration materials and sustainability of the ancient building.

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