The Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex as a Model System to Study Evolution and Host Specialization in Plant Pathogens

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) on apples are often caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Paraná State, Brazil. GLS control is difficult because of its rapid development, with an incubation period of only 2 days under favorable conditions. Therefore, producers use successive fungicide applications every season; however, failure to control GLS has been commonly reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the sensitivity of isolates of the C. acutatum species complex obtained from apple orchards in Brazil to mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and azoxystrobin fungicides. Isolates from the different parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, buds, and twigs) and cultivars (Gala and Eva) showed different levels of sensitivity to mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and azoxystrobin. For mancozeb, the frequencies of isolates were 25% highly resistant, 50% low-resistance, and 25% sensitive. For thiophanate-methyl, the frequencies of isolates were 72.2% highly resistant, 11.1% resistant, and 16.7% moderately resistant. For azoxystrobin, the frequencies of isolates were 11.1% highly resistant, 5.6% resistant, and 83.3% sensitive. Interestingly, no mutations in the β-tubulin and cytochrome b genes were observed in any of the isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin fungicides.

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Morphological, Pathogenic, and Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolates Causing Almond Anthracnose in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-17-0318-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (12) ◽

pp. 2034-2045 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ana López-Moral ◽

Maria Carmen Raya-Ortega ◽

Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽

Luis F. Roca ◽

Maria Lovera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Species Complex ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Clear Identification ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽

A New Species

Almond anthracnose is a serious and emerging disease in several countries. All isolates causing almond anthracnose have been assigned to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, of which only C. fioriniae and C. godetiae have been associated with the disease to date. Here, we characterized Colletotrichum isolates from almond fruit affected by anthracnose in the Andalusia region. Two Colletotrichum isolates causing olive anthracnose were included for comparison. Morphological characteristics were useful for separating the isolates into groups based on colony morphology. Pathogenicity tests in almond, olive, and apple fruit showed differences in virulence and some degree of pathogenic specialization among isolates. Molecular characterization allowed clear identification of the Colletotrichum isolates tested. The olive isolates were identified as C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae, both previously identified in Andalusian olive orchards. Two phylogenetic species were identified among the almond isolates: C. godetiae, with gray colonies, which is well known in other countries, and C. acutatum, with pink-orange colonies. This species identification differs from those of pink-colony subpopulations described in other countries, which are C. fioriniae. Therefore, this study is also the first report of a new species of Colletotrichum causing almond anthracnose within the C. acutatum species complex.

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Application of the consolidated species concept to identify the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in Iran and initial molecular dating of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-016-1009-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 147 (2) ◽

pp. 375-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kaivan Karimi ◽

Asadollah Babai Ahari ◽

Mahdi Arzanlou ◽

Jahanshir Amini ◽

Ilaria Pertot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Species Concept ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Molecular Dating ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Strawberry Anthracnose ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex

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The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex

Studies in Mycology ◽

10.3114/sim0010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 37-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 348

Author(s):

U. Damm ◽

P.F. Cannon ◽

J.H.C. Woudenberg ◽

P.W. Crous

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex

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Biases in the metabarcoding of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system

MicrobiologyOpen ◽

10.1002/mbo3.780 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andreas Makiola ◽

Ian A. Dickie ◽

Robert J. Holdaway ◽

Jamie R. Wood ◽

Kate H. Orwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathogens ◽

Model System ◽

Rust Fungi

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Optimal markers for the identification ofColletotrichumspecies

10.1101/659177 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira ◽

Priscila Alves Bezerra ◽

Anthony Carlos da Silva ◽

Josiene Silva Veloso ◽

Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Species Complex ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Type Locus ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Species Complexes

ABSTRACTColletotrichumis among the most important genera of fungal plant pathogens. Molecular phylogenetic studies over the last decade have resulted in a much better understanding of the evolutionary relationships and species boundaries within the genus. There are now approximately 200 species accepted, most of which are distributed among 13 species complexes. Given their prominence on agricultural crops around the world, rapid identification of a large collection ofColletotrichumisolates is routinely needed by plant pathologists, regulatory officials, and fungal biologists. However, there is no agreement on the best molecular markers to discriminate species in each species complex. Here we calculate the barcode gap distance and intra/inter-specific distance overlap to evaluate each of the most commonly applied molecular markers for their utility as a barcode for species identification. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone-3 (HIS3), DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locusMAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), and intergenic spacer between GAPDH and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS) have the properties of good barcodes, whereas sequences of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) are not able to distinguish most species. Finally, we assessed the utility of these markers for phylogenetic studies using phylogenetic informativeness profiling, the genealogical sorting index (GSI), and Bayesian concordance analyses (BCA). Although GAPDH, HIS3 and β-tubulin (TUB2) were frequently among the best markers, there was not a single set of markers that were best for all species complexes. Eliminating markers with low phylogenetic signal tends to decrease uncertainty in the topology, regardless of species complex, and leads to a larger proportion of markers that support each lineage in the Bayesian concordance analyses. Finally, we reconstruct the phylogeny of each species complex using a minimal set of phylogenetic markers with the strongest phylogenetic signal and find the majority of species are strongly supported as monophyletic.

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Identification of the Colletotrichum species associated with mango diseases and a universal LAMP detection method for C. gloeosporioides species complex

Plant & Fungal Research ◽

10.30546/2664-5297.2021.1.49. ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Yukako Hattori ◽

Chiharu Nakashima ◽

Shunsuke Kitabata ◽

Kosuke Naito ◽

Ayaka Hieno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Detection Method ◽

Coding Region ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Detectable Range ◽

Amplification Assay ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Abstract: The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex contains plant pathogens linked to Anthracnose diseases afflicting various crops. In this study, we designed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) primer set based on calmodulin gene coding region sequences from taxonomically authorized isolates of species from this complex to rapidly detect the presence of fungi associated with Anthracnose diseases. This test can be employed at any point between cultivation and sale. Moreover, we examined the specificity and detectable range of this primer set using isolates selected from species of the genus Colletotrichum. This test was able to specifically detect members of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, including C. gloeosporioides, C. aotearoa, C. fructicola, C. horii, C. kahawae, C. musae, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale. Key Words: Anthracnose, diagnosis, phylogeny, plant disease

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