scholarly journals A Novel Iflavirus Was Discovered in Green Rice Leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps and Its Proliferation Was Inhibited by Infection of Rice Dwarf Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxi Jia ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Xuefei Chang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Green Rice Leafhopper ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Dwarf Disease

The green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a key insect vector transmitting rice dwarf virus (RDV) that causes rice dwarf disease. We discovered a novel iflavirus from the transcriptomes of N. cincticeps and named it as Nephotettix cincticeps positive-stranded RNA virus-1 (NcPSRV-1). The viral genome consists of 10,524 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and contains one predicted open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,192 amino acids, flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions. NcPSRV-1 has a typical iflavirus genome arrangement and is clustered with the members of the family Iflaviridae in the phylogenetic analysis. NcPSRV-1 was detected in all tested tissues and life stages of N. cincticeps and could be transmitted horizontally and vertically. Moreover, NcPSRV-1 had high prevalence in the laboratory populations and was widely spread in field populations of N. cincticeps. NcPSRV-1 could also infect the two-striped leafhopper, Nephotettix apicalis, at a 3.33% infection rate, but was absent in the zigzag leafhopper, Recilia dorsalis, and rice Oryza sativa variety TN1. The infection of RDV altered the viral load and infection rate of NcPSRV-1 in N. cincticeps, for which it seems that RDV has an antagonistic effect on NcPSRV-1 infection in the host.

Nonstructural protein Pns12 of rice dwarf virus is a principal regulator for viral replication and infection in its insect vector

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
Dongsheng Jia ◽  
Qianzhuo Mao ◽  
Lianhui Xei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals Temperature affected transmission, symptom development and accumulation of Wheat dwarf virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parizipour Mohamad Hamed Ghodoum ◽  
Ramazani Leila ◽  
Sardrood Babak Pakdaman
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dwarf Disease

One of the biotic agents of yellowing and stunting in wheat and barley cultivations is Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) which is naturally transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom). WDV-Wheat and WDV-Barley isolates of WDV were transmitted to wheat and barley, respectively, using the leafhoppers under four temperature regimes of constant 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Infection rate, symptom development and virus content of the virus-inoculated plants were determined and the data was statistically analysed. The results showed that the temperature of 25°C was associated with the highest infection rate caused by the viruses. Moreover, P. alienus nymphs were found to be more efficient vectors of WDV than adults, highlighting the importance of nymphs in the epidemiology of wheat dwarf disease. WDV-infected plants incubated at 35°C showed less symptoms than those kept at 20, 25, and 30°C. ELISA results showed that these plants had comparatively low virus content. However, there was no significant difference between the infection rate, symptom development and virus content in plants infected by WDV-Wheat or WDV-Barley.

scholarly journals Retention of Rice dwarf virus by Descendants of Pairs of Viruliferous Vector Insects After Rearing for 6 Years

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Honda ◽  
Taiyun Wei ◽  
Kyoji Hagiwara ◽  
Takahiko Higashi ◽  
Ikuo Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Ordinary Strain ◽  
Dwarf Disease ◽  
Term Maintenance ◽  
Low Rate

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is characterized by its unusual ability to multiply in both plants and leafhopper vector insects and by its transovarial mode of transmission. Colonies of Nephotettix cincticeps, derived originally from pairs of leafhoppers infected with an ordinary strain of RDV, were maintained for 6 years in the laboratory and were found, at the end of this time, still to harbor RDV. Moreover, the isolate of RDV, designated RDV-I, obtained from these colonies retained the ability to infect rice plants. When we raised leafhoppers separately from eggs that had been placed individually on pieces of water-soaked filter paper and reared them in the presence of healthy rice seedlings, we found that all of these leafhoppers harbored RDV. This observation suggested that RDV-I had been maintained in the leafhoppers by transovarial transmission. Two further observations, namely, the low rate of acquisition of RDV by virus-free insect nymphs on symptomless plants on which viruliferous insects had been reared, and the fact that only 2 to 5% of plants had symptoms when rice seedlings were inoculated via RDV-I-viruliferous insects, confirmed that the maintenance of RDV-I by any other mode of transmission through plants and insects was unlikely. This efficient and long-term maintenance of RDV in a population of viruliferous insects might explain the prolonged duration of rice dwarf disease in the field, once there has been a serious outbreak.

scholarly journals Nonstructural protein Pns4 of rice dwarf virus is essential for viral infection in its insect vector

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Linghua Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
Lianhui Xie ◽  
Taiyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals Rice dwarf virus infection alters green rice leafhopper host preference and feeding behavior

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianjin Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Cong Dang ◽  
Xuefei Chang ◽  
Qi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Green Rice Leafhopper

scholarly journals Structure of Double-Shelled Rice Dwarf Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 8541-8549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangying Lu ◽  
Z. Hong Zhou ◽  
Matthew L. Baker ◽  
Joanita Jakana ◽  
Deyou Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Structural Match ◽  
Economic Threat

ABSTRACT Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a member of the Reoviridaefamily, is a double-stranded RNA virus. Infection of rice plants with RDV reduces crop production significantly and can pose a major economic threat to Southeast Asia. A 25-Å three-dimensional structure of the 700-Å-diameter RDV capsid has been determined by 400-kV electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction. The structure revealed two distinctive icosahedral shells: a T=13l outer icosahedral shell composed of 260 trimeric clusters of P8 (46 kDa) and an inner T=1 icosahedral shell of 60 dimers of P3 (114 kDa). Sequence and structural comparisons were made between the RDV outer shell trimer and the two crystal conformations (REF and HEX) of the VP7 trimer of bluetongue virus, an animal analog of RDV. The low-resolution structural match of the RDV outer shell trimer to the HEX conformation of VP7 trimer has led to the proposal that P8 consists of an upper domain of β-sandwich motif and a lower domain of α helices. The less well fit REF conformation of VP7 to the RDV trimer may be due to the differences between VP7 and P8 in the sequence of the hinge region that connects the two domains. The additional mass density and the absence of a known signaling peptide on the surface of the RDV outer shell trimer may be responsible for the different interactions between plants and animal reoviruses.

scholarly journals The Spread of Rice Dwarf Virus among Cells of Its Insect Vector Exploits Virus-Induced Tubular Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8593-8602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiyun Wei ◽  
Akira Kikuchi ◽  
Yusuke Moriyasu ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Takumi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Intercellular Spread

ABSTRACT Various cytopathological structures, known as inclusion bodies, are formed upon infection of cultured leafhopper cells by Rice dwarf virus, a member of the family Reoviridae. These structures include tubules of approximately 85 nm in diameter which are composed of the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 and contain viral particles. Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus. These tubules, when associated with actin-based filopodia, were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells. A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin. Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus, even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. However, treatment of host cells with drugs that inhibited the elongation of actin filaments abolished the extension of Pns10 tubules from the surface of cells, with a significant simultaneous decrease in the extent of infection of neighboring cells. These results together revealed a previously undescribed aspect of the intercellular spread of Rice dwarf virus, wherein the virus exploits tubules composed of a nonstructural viral protein and actin-based filopodia to move into neighboring cells.

Localization of rice dwarf virus in its insect vector

Virology ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fukushi ◽  
E. Shikata
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus
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