scholarly journals Temperature affected transmission, symptom development and accumulation of Wheat dwarf virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parizipour Mohamad Hamed Ghodoum ◽  
Ramazani Leila ◽  
Sardrood Babak Pakdaman
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dwarf Disease

One of the biotic agents of yellowing and stunting in wheat and barley cultivations is Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) which is naturally transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom). WDV-Wheat and WDV-Barley isolates of WDV were transmitted to wheat and barley, respectively, using the leafhoppers under four temperature regimes of constant 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Infection rate, symptom development and virus content of the virus-inoculated plants were determined and the data was statistically analysed. The results showed that the temperature of 25°C was associated with the highest infection rate caused by the viruses. Moreover, P. alienus nymphs were found to be more efficient vectors of WDV than adults, highlighting the importance of nymphs in the epidemiology of wheat dwarf disease. WDV-infected plants incubated at 35°C showed less symptoms than those kept at 20, 25, and 30°C. ELISA results showed that these plants had comparatively low virus content. However, there was no significant difference between the infection rate, symptom development and virus content in plants infected by WDV-Wheat or WDV-Barley.

scholarly journals A Novel Iflavirus Was Discovered in Green Rice Leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps and Its Proliferation Was Inhibited by Infection of Rice Dwarf Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxi Jia ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Xuefei Chang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Green Rice Leafhopper ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Dwarf Disease

The green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a key insect vector transmitting rice dwarf virus (RDV) that causes rice dwarf disease. We discovered a novel iflavirus from the transcriptomes of N. cincticeps and named it as Nephotettix cincticeps positive-stranded RNA virus-1 (NcPSRV-1). The viral genome consists of 10,524 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and contains one predicted open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,192 amino acids, flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions. NcPSRV-1 has a typical iflavirus genome arrangement and is clustered with the members of the family Iflaviridae in the phylogenetic analysis. NcPSRV-1 was detected in all tested tissues and life stages of N. cincticeps and could be transmitted horizontally and vertically. Moreover, NcPSRV-1 had high prevalence in the laboratory populations and was widely spread in field populations of N. cincticeps. NcPSRV-1 could also infect the two-striped leafhopper, Nephotettix apicalis, at a 3.33% infection rate, but was absent in the zigzag leafhopper, Recilia dorsalis, and rice Oryza sativa variety TN1. The infection of RDV altered the viral load and infection rate of NcPSRV-1 in N. cincticeps, for which it seems that RDV has an antagonistic effect on NcPSRV-1 infection in the host.

Expression of engineered wheat dwarf virus in seed-derived embryos

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
R. Topfer ◽  
B. Gronenborn ◽  
S. Schaefer ◽  
J. Schell ◽  
H.-H. Steinbiss
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals 1005 Antibiotic-Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads Are Not Effective in the Primary Prevention of Infection in Open Femur and Tibia Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fung ◽  
A Ward ◽  
K Patel ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Prevention Of Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tibia Fractures ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Abstract Introduction Infection is a major complication of open fractures. Antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate (AICS) beads are widely used as an adjuvant to systemic antibiotics. Whilst their efficacy in the secondary prevention of infection is established, we present the first retrospective study evaluating AICS beads in the primary prevention of infection in open fractures. Method 214 open femur and tibia fractures in 207 patients were reviewed over a seven-year period. 148 fractures received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. 66 fractures also received AICS beads. The occurrence of acute infection (wound infection and acute osteomyelitis) was recorded, as well as that of long-term complications (chronic osteomyelitis, non-union and death). Results Fractures that received AICS with systemic antibiotics had an overall acute infection rate of 42% (28/66), compared to 43% (63/148) in fractures that received only systemic antibiotics (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in infection rate even when fractures were stratified by Gustilo-Anderson grade. There was also no significant difference in the rate of long-term complications. Conclusions Our results indicate that the adjuvant use of AICS beads is not effective for the primary prevention of acute infection or long-term complications in open leg fractures. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors influencing the outcomes of AICS use.

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
C. S. Park ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Beoni ◽  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection rate, distribution characteristics, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shen ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Hui hui Li ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
San ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract BackgroundThe incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing yearly. The persistent infection of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor leading to cervical cancer. HPV infection is double peak type. This study aimed at analyzing the HPV distribution characteristics, infection rate, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women. So as to provide reference for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer screening strategy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4614 women who underwent cervical cytology, and HPV examination from January 2018 to October 2019 at the healthcare department of Wuhan Union Hospital was done. We explored the characteristics and distribution of HPV infections around the menopause, then comparing the infection rate of HPV in postmenopause and over 65 years old, in order to analyze the influence of different ages on HPV infection.ResultsGenerally, the HPV infection rate was 13.10% (539 / 4115), whereby the high-risk subtype constituted 73.84% (398 / 539) of all positive cases. On the other hand, the HPV39 infection was more common in postmenopausal women; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the other types in the pre- and postmenopausal women (Insert p value). The first four subtypes were 52 / 53 / 58 / 16, respectively. The infection rate of HPV in patients with lower genital tract inflammation was significantly higher, P = 0.000, 95% CI: 1.911 (1.416, 2.580) compared with those without lower genital tract inflammation. The results further showed that there was no significant difference between pre- and postmenopausal women in terms of HPV infection rate, but more susceptible to high-risk HPV infection after the age of 65 (P = 0.041). Except for 40 years old to menopause, the infection rate of high-risk HPV in this age group was different from that in postmenopause(P = 0.023,0.729(0.555,0.957)), other age groups had no significant effect on high-risk HPV infection.ConclusionsIt was concluded that whether menopause has nothing to do with HPV infection. Moreover, the infection rate of high-risk HPV increases after 65 years of age; hence the cutoff screening age should be appropriately prolonged.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals El componente racial influencia la resistencia a la infección con el virus de la leucosis bovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Úsuga-Monroy ◽  
José Julian Echeverri ◽  
Albeiro López-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that primarily affects dairy cattle, reducing milk production between 2.5 and 5%. The Colombian Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is a well-adapted, rustic, creole breed resistant to in vitro infections of Foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, as well as to Brucella abortus. This study aimed to determine if the crossing of BON and Holstein breeds is resistant to infection by BLV. Blood samples of 124 individuals (59 Holstein, 40 BON, and 25 BON x HOL) of the same herd were taken. The DNA was extracted, and a nested PCR was performed related to a region of the env gene of BLV. A fragment of 444 bp was obtained for positives animals. The molecular in-herd prevalence was 33% for BLV. A significant difference for BLV infection was found among the groups (p<0.05). The infection rate for the Holstein group was 55.9%, for BON cattle 5%, and for BON x HOL cattle 24%. The latter showed a reduction in the infection rate of 32% to the Holstein breed, which can be attributed to the presence of resistance genes in the BON breed. It was found that the level of infection is lower in BON x HOL cattle in contrast with Holstein dairy cows.

Analysis of complete genomes of isolates of the Wheat dwarf virus from new geographical locations and descriptions of their defective forms

Virus Genes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schubert ◽  
Antje Habekuß ◽  
Beilei Wu ◽  
Thomas Thieme ◽  
Xifeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Geographical Locations

Wheat dwarf virus. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Wheat dwarf virus. Geminiviridae: Mastrevirus. Hosts: wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK, Ukraine), Asia (China, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Iran, Syria, Turkey), Africa (Tunisia Zambia).

scholarly journals First Report of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Louisiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Price ◽  
Rodrigo Valverde ◽  
Raghuwinder Singh ◽  
Jeff Davis ◽  
Sebe Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus

Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) has recently been discovered in the southern United States. The virus is transmitted by the cotton aphid and causes numerous symptoms including foliar chlorosis, distortion, leaf cupping, and reddened leaf veins. These symptoms were observed in a field in northeast Louisiana during the summer of 2019 approximately 2 weeks after cotton aphid infestation. Grafting infected cotton plants with healthy ones resulted in similar symptom development, and molecular diagnosis initially indicated and then confirmed the presence of CLRDV in sampled and grafted specimens, respectively. This the first report of CLRDV in Louisiana.

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