scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Jose-Abrego ◽  
Sonia Roman ◽  
João Renato Rebello Pinho ◽  
Vanessa Fusco Duarte de Castro ◽  
Arturo Panduro
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures.

Diagnostic accuracy of the Coopscore© to predict liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmia Taibi ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Nelly Bosselut ◽  
Julie Bottero ◽  
Jérôme Guéchot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Significant Fibrosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fibrosis Staging

Background Non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis are increasingly used as an alternative to liver biopsy. Recently, a score-based biochemical blood test (Coopscore©) was developed in a cohort of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus, showing higher diagnostic performances than Fibrometer®, Fibrotest®, Hepascore® and Fibroscan™. Here, we assess its performance in patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. Methods Ninety-seven human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infected patients with liver biopsies were included from a previously described cohort. Histological fibrosis staging using METAVIR criteria was used as the reference. Coopscore©, Fibrotest®, Fibrometer®, Hepascore® and Zeng score were computed and compared with the Coopscore© using the Obuchowski index and area under the receiving operator characteristic curves. Results The distribution of liver fibrosis levels was as follows: F0–F1 ( n = 42), F2 ( n = 25), F3 ( n = 15) and F4 ( n = 15). The Obuchowski index was higher for Coopscore© (0.774) than Fibrometer® (0.668), Hepascore® (0.690) and Zeng scores (0.704) ( P < 0.05), reflecting a better ability to discriminate between fibrosis stages. Similarly, when predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2), the AUROC was significantly greater for the Coopscore© (0.836) than the Hepascore® (0.727) and Zeng scores (0.746), but not for the Fibrotest® (0.778, P = 0.14) or Fibrometer® (0.790, P = 0.19). The Coopscore© did not show a higher capacity than other scores to predict advanced fibrosis (≥F3) or cirrhosis (F4). Conclusions This study supports the diagnostic value of the Coospcore© in fibrosis staging among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infected patients, especially to predict significant fibrosis.

scholarly journals Association of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and Antihepatitis B Core Antibody With Liver Fibrosis Evolution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients During Treatment With Tenofovir

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Cruchet ◽  
Lorenza N C Dezanet ◽  
Sarah Maylin ◽  
Audrey Gabassi ◽  
Hayette Rougier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fibrosis Regression

Abstract Background Quantitative hepatitis B core-related antigen (qHBcrAg) or antihepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc) could be useful in monitoring liver fibrosis evolution during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet it has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HBV-coinfected patients undergoing treatment with tenofovir (TDF). Methods One hundred fifty-four HIV-HBV-infected patients initiating a TDF-containing antiretroviral regimen were prospectively followed. The qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc and liver fibrosis assessment were collected every 6–12 months during TDF. Hazard ratios (HRs) assessing the association between qHBcrAg/qAnti-HBc and transitions from none/mild/significant fibrosis to advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (progression) and from advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis to none/mild/significant fibrosis (regression) were estimated using a time-homogeneous Markov model. Results At baseline, advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was observed in 40 (26%) patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months (interquartile range, 31–90), 38 transitions of progression (IR = 7/100 person-years) and 34 transitions of regression (IR = 6/100 person-years) were observed. Baseline levels of qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc were not associated with liver fibrosis progression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–1.24; adjusted-HR per log10 Paul-Ehrlich-Institute [PEI] U/mL = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04, respectively) or regression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95–1.46; adjusted-HR per log10 PEI U/mL = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.78–1.22, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, duration of antiretroviral therapy, protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Nevertheless, changes from the previous visit of qAnti-HBc levels were associated with liver fibrosis regression (adjusted-HR per log10 PEIU/mL change = 5.46, 95% CI = 1.56–19.16). Conclusions Baseline qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc levels are not associated with liver fibrosis evolution in TDF-treated HIV-HBV coinfected patients. The link between changes in qAnti-HBc levels during follow-up and liver fibrosis regression merits further study.

Hepatitis B virus genotype G and liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Malagnino ◽  
Julie Bottero ◽  
Patrick Miailhes ◽  
Caroline Lascoux-Combe ◽  
Pierre-Marie Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Fibrosis Progression ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Algorithms for the Testing of Tissue Donors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Axel Pruß ◽  
Akila Chandrasekar ◽  
Jacinto Sánchez-Ibáñez ◽  
Sophie Lucas-Samuel ◽  
Ulrich Kalus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tissue Donors ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although transmission of pathogenic viruses through human tissue grafts is rare, it is still one of the most serious dreaded risks of transplantation. Therefore, in addition to the detailed medical and social history, a comprehensive serologic and molecular screening of the tissue donors for relevant viral markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary. In the case of reactive results in particular, clear decisions regarding follow-up testing and the criteria for tissue release must be made. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Based on the clinical relevance of the specific virus markers, the sensitivity of the serological and molecular biological methods used and the application of inactivation methods, algorithms for tissue release are suggested. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compliance with the preanalytical requirements and assessment of a possible hemodilution are mandatory requirements before testing the blood samples. While HIV testing follows defined algorithms, the procedures for HBV and HCV diagnostics are under discussion. Screening and decisions for HBV are often not as simple, e.g., due to cases of occult HBV infection, false-positive anti-HBc results, or early window period positive HBV NAT results. In the case of HCV diagnostics, modern therapies with direct-acting antivirals, which are often associated with successful treatment of the infection, should be included in the decision. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In HBV and HCV testing, a high-sensitivity virus genome test should play a central role in diagnostics, especially in the case of equivocal serology, and it should be the basis for the decision to release the tissue. The proposed test algorithms and decisions are also based on current European recommendations and standards for safety and quality assurance in tissue and cell banking.

New Technique for the Sterile Introduction of Flexible Nasopharyngolaryngoscopes

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey D. Silberman ◽  
Avraham Hampel ◽  
Alan H. Kominsky
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
A New Technique

Since the inception of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes, disinfection of these instruments has been a problem. Soaking in glutaraldehyde does not always achieve sterilization, and often damages the scopes. Ethylene oxide can sterilize endoscopes; however, it is economically impractical because of a required downtime of 24 hours. Thus, it is obvious, especially with respect to human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Mycobacterium, that a new technique to attain sterility is necessary. This paper discusses a new method of sterile introduction of the flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope. The technique employs disposable sterile sheaths that are prepackaged and made from a thermoplastic elastomer with a clear optical end. The sheaths can be applied in seconds and tightly adhere to the flexible insertion portion of the scope. Results to date indicate that the performance of the endoscope is unhindered by using the sheaths. Furthermore, there has been no break in the integrity of the sheaths or damage to instruments. It is our opinion that these devices will greatly improve the level of sterility while at the same time reducing costs and downtime.

scholarly journals Synthesis of 4′-Substituted Purine 2′-Deoxynucleosides and Their Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis B Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 3313-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kohgo ◽  
Shuhei Imoto ◽  
Ryoh Tokuda ◽  
Yuki Takamatsu ◽  
Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Spectrum of Liver Disease in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Results of the HBV-HIV Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Sterling ◽  
Abdus S. Wahed ◽  
Wendy C. King ◽  
David E. Kleiner ◽  
Mandana Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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