scholarly journals Oxytocin Attenuates Expression, but Not Acquisition, of Sucrose Conditioned Place Preference in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Patel ◽  
Megana Sundar ◽  
Eva Lorenz ◽  
Kah-Chung Leong
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Natural Rewards ◽  
Insight Into

Maladaptation of reward processing for natural rewards, such as sucrose or sugar, may play a role in the development of diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, uncovering mechanisms to disrupt or reverse maladaptation of reward-seeking behaviors for natural reinforcers can provide insight into treatment of such diseases, as well as disorders such as addiction. As such, studying the effects of potential pharmacotherapeutics on maladaptive sugar-seeking behavior offers valuable clinical significance. Sucrose conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigms can offer insight into aspects of reward processes as it provides a way to assess acquisition and expression of context-reward associations. The present study examined the effect of peripheral oxytocin injections on sucrose CPP in rats. Oxytocin, when administered prior to CPP test, attenuated expression of sucrose CPP. However, oxytocin, when administered during sucrose conditioning, did not affect subsequent place preference. These findings suggest oxytocin sufficiently attenuates expression of sucrose-associated place preference.

scholarly journals Differential Aspects of Natural and Morphine Reward-Related Behaviors in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shole Jamali ◽  
◽  
Mahdi Aliyari Shoorehdeli2 ◽  
Mohammad Reza Daliri ◽  
Abbas Haghparast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Natural Reward ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Natural Rewards

Natural rewards are essential for animal survival. On the other hand, drug-seeking behaviours can be maladaptive and endanger survival. The present study was conducted to enhance our understanding of how animals respond to food and morphine as natural and drug rewards, respectively, in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. We designed a protocol to induce food-CPP and compare it as a natural reward with morphine-CPP in rats. The protocol for reward induction in all groups (foods and morphine) consisted of three phases: pre-test, conditioning, and post-test. In morphine groups, we injected morphine as a reward (5 mg/kg, s.c.), and for inducing natural-reward, we used two different protocols, by one of the rats were deprived of food for 24h. In the other method, rats were restricted for food for 14 days. During the conditioning period, animals received daily chow, biscuit, or popcorn as a reward inducer. Results revealed that CPP did not induce in food-deprived rats. A combination of food restriction (as a facilitator) and a biscuit or popcorn induced reward using CPP. In contrast, food deprivation did not facilitate food-CPP in response to regular food. Interestingly the CPP score of the group which received biscuit during a 7-day conditioning period was more than that of the morphine group. In conclusion, food restriction could be a better protocol than food deprivation to facilitate food reward.

scholarly journals CREST in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Regulates Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference, Cocaine-Seeking Behavior, and Synaptic Plasticity

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (44) ◽  
pp. 9514-9526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Alaghband ◽  
Enikö Kramár ◽  
Janine L. Kwapis ◽  
Earnest S. Kim ◽  
Thekla J. Hemstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Core ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Accumbens Core

Melanin-concentrating hormone in rat nucleus accumbens or lateral hypothalamus differentially impacts morphine and food seeking behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Yunjing Bai ◽  
Xigeng Zheng ◽  
Mirmohammadali M Alizamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
Natural Rewards

Background: Identifying neural substrates that are differentially affected by drugs of abuse and natural rewards is key to finding a target for an efficacious treatment for substance abuse. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a polypeptide with an inhibitory effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Here we test the hypothesis that melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens shell is differentially involved in the regulation of morphine and food-rewarded behaviors. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained with morphine (5.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or food pellets (standard chow, 10–14 g) to induce a conditioned place preference, immediately followed by extinction training. Melanin-concentrating hormone (1.0 µg/side) or saline was infused into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the reinstatement primed by morphine or food, and locomotor activity was simultaneously monitored. As the comparison, melanin-concentrating hormone was also microinjected into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the expression of food or morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Results: Microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the nucleus accumbens shell (but not into the lateral hypothalamus) prevented the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference. In contrast, microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the lateral hypothalamus (but not in the nucleus accumbens shell) inhibited the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference. Conclusions: These results suggest a clear double dissociation of melanin-concentrating hormone in morphine/food rewarding behaviors and melanin-concentrating hormone in the nucleus accumbens shell. Melanin-concentrating hormone could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for morphine abuse without affecting natural rewards.

scholarly journals Neuronal mechanisms of novelty seeking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaya Ogasawara ◽  
Fatih Sogukpinar ◽  
Kaining Zhang ◽  
Yang-Yang Feng ◽  
Julia Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Gaze Shifts ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Reward Value ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Novel Objects

Humans and other primates interact with the world by observing and exploring visual objects. In particular, they often seek out the opportunities to view novel objects that they have never seen before, even when they have no extrinsic primary reward value. However, despite the importance of novel visual objects in our daily life, we currently lack an understanding of how primate brain circuits control the motivation to seek out novelty. We found that novelty-seeking is regulated by a small understudied subcortical region, the zona incerta (ZI). In a task in which monkeys made eye movements to familiar objects to obtain the opportunity to view novel objects, many ZI neurons were preferentially activated by predictions of future novel objects and displayed burst excitations before gaze shifts to gain access to novel objects. Low intensity electrical stimulation of ZI facilitated gaze shifts, while inactivations of ZI reduced novelty-seeking. Surprisingly, additional experiments showed that this ZI-dependent novelty seeking behavior is not regulated by canonical neural circuitry for reward seeking. The habenula-dopamine pathway, known to reflect reward predictions that control reward seeking, was relatively inactive during novelty-seeking behavior in which novelty had no extrinsic reward value. Instead, high channel-count electrophysiological experiments and anatomical tracing identified a prominent source of control signals for novelty seeking in the anterior ventral medial temporal cortex (AVMTC), a brain region known to be crucially involved in visual processing and object memory. In addition to their well-known function in signaling the novelty or familiarity of objects in the current environment, AVMTC neurons reflected the predictions of future novel objects, akin to the way neurons in reward-circuitry predict future rewards in order to control reward-seeking. Our data uncover a network of primate brain areas that regulate novelty-seeking. The behavioral and neural distinctions between novelty-seeking and reward-processing highlight how the brain can accomplish behavioral flexibility, providing a mechanism to explore novel objects.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Methamphetamine-Induced conditioned place preference in Mice after a Drug-Free period and Facilitation of this effect by exposure to a Running Wheel

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. JEN.S10046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobue Kitanaka ◽  
Junichi Kitanaka ◽  
F. Scott Hall ◽  
George R. Uhl ◽  
Kaname Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Group A ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Group B ◽  
Drug Free

The effect of exposure of male mice to a horizontal running wheel (Fast-Trac™) on conditioned place preference (CPP) and hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine (METH) was determined. In the first experiment eleven-week-old male ICR mice were divided into three groups and exposed to three different environments (housed individually with (group A) or without a running wheel (group B), or housed in a group of eight mice without a running wheel (group C)) for two weeks except during periods of CPP conditioning and testing procedures. Administration of METH (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day during three conditioning sessions, with saline conditioning sessions in the other compartment on alternate days (ie, saline/METH conditioning), induced a significant CPP, compared to saline/saline conditioning, in mice of groups A and C, but not B. The increased CPP for METH was significantly attenuated by additional 5-day (drug-free)-exposure to a running wheel in mice of group A (but not group C). In the second experiment, pre-exposure of another set of mice to a running wheel for three days did not affect a subsequent METH (1.0 mg/kg)- or saline-induced horizontal locomotion or rearing, compared with the locomotor activities observed in mice without an experience of a running wheel. These observations suggest that experience of a running wheel may selectively facilitate an attenuation of drug-seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Do Prenatally Methamphetamine-Exposed Adult Male Rats Display General Predisposition to Drug Abuse in the Conditioned Place Preference Test?

2012 ◽  
pp. S129-S138
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ ◽  
M. POMETLOVÁ ◽  
B. SCHUTOVÁ ◽  
L. HRUBÁ ◽  
E. MACÚCHOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Drug abuse of pregnant women is a growing problem. The effect of prenatal drug exposure may have devastating effect on development of the offsprings that may be long-term or even permanent. One of the most common drug abused by pregnant women is methamphetamine (MA), which is also the most frequently abused illicit drug in the Czech Republic. Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure alters behavior, cognition, pain and seizures in adult rats in sex-specific manner. Our most recent studies demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure makes adult rats more sensitive to acute injection of the same or related drugs than their controls. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prenatal MA exposure on drug-seeking behavior of adult male rats tested in the Conditioned place preference (CPP). Adult male rats were divided to: prenatally MA-exposed (5 mg/kg daily for the entire prenatal period), prenatally saline-exposed (1 ml/kg of physiological saline) and controls (without maternal injections). The following drugs were used in the CPP test in adulthood: MA (5 mg/kg), amphetamine (5 mg/kg), cocaine (5 and 10 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg), MDMA (5 mg/kg) and THC (2 mg/kg). Our data demonstrated that prenatally MA-exposed rats displayed higher amphetamine-seeking behavior than both controls. MA as well as morphine induced drug-seeking behavior of adult male rats, however this effect did not differ based on the prenatal MA exposure. In contrast, prenatal MA exposure induced rather tolerance to cocaine than sensitization after the conditioning in the CPP. MDMA and THC did not induce significant effects. Even though the present data did not fully confirmed our hypotheses, future studies are planned to test the drug-seeking behavior also in self-administration test.

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