scholarly journals Considerations of Pool Dimensions in the Forced Swim Test in Predicting the Potential Antidepressant Activity of Drugs

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Uriel Rosas-Sánchez ◽  
León Jesús German-Ponciano ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim

scholarly journals Evaluation of Additive or Synergistic Effect of Piper nigram and Ocimum sanctum Extracts for their Antidepressant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohana Rao ◽  
Siva B. ◽  
Mahendra U. ◽  
Vinay K. ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Wide Range

Depression is a state of excessive sensitivity to criticism, fear of rejections, lack of self-interest, loss of pleasure. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. In recent times, research on the plants increased globally and so many plants provide the evidence to cure diseases. Ocimum sanctum, popularly known as Tulsi is one of the sacred herbs for Hindus in the Indian subcontinent. It has a versatile role in traditional medicine. The fruits of Piper nigrum are used to make black pepper. This hotly pungent spice is one of the earliest known and most widely used spices in the world today. Wide range of animal tests for antidepressant agents are commonly used. The Forced swim test and Tail suspension test in mice were mostly used. Hence in the present study Forced swim test was used as animal model of depression. In present study immobility time in Forced swim test was significantly decreased by a combination of Piper nigrum fruit extract and Ocimum sanctum extract treated groups compared to control group. The combination of extracts (50 mg/kg each) activity was comparable to standard drug Fluoxetine. Treatment with extracts does not modify the locomotor activity of mice, which indicates that they exert antidepressant effects without modifying significantly locomotor activity. Therefore, the present study confirms the combination of alcoholic extract of Piper nigrum (AEPN) fruit and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (AEOS) possessing additive/synergistic antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FLAVONE AND ITS MONOHYDROXY DERIVATIVES ON ANIMAL MODELS OF DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
SHANMUGAPRIYAN S ◽  
JAIKUMAR S ◽  
VISWANATHAN S ◽  
PARIMALA K ◽  
RAJESH M
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Suspension Test

Objectives: This research was designed to investigate the antidepressant activity of a few structurally related flavones (flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone) and the possible mechanisms involved. Methods: Antidepressant activity was evaluated in mice by subjecting them to forced swim test and tail suspension test. The involvement of adrenergic, serotonergic, nitric oxide (NO), and opioid mechanisms was investigated using suitable interacting chemicals. Results: Flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone exhibited a significant and dose‑dependent reduction in total time of immobility in the forced swim test and tail suspension test. Pre‑treatment with alpha‑methyl‑para‑tyrosine and parachlorophenyl alanine attenuated the reduction in immobility period produced by flavone and its derivatives in forced swim test. Naloxone pre‑treatment partially reversed the effect of flavone while L‑arginine pre‑treatment did not alter their effect. Conclusion: The investigated flavones exhibited promising antidepressant activity in both the animal models of depression. However, the flavone compounds did not alter the motor coordination and ambulatory behavior in the Rotarod and locomotor activity test. The participation of serotonergic, adrenergic, and opioid mechanism in the antidepressant activity of these compounds was elucidated from the results, and the role of NO pathway was excluded.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antidepressant Activity of Some New 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-(substituted aryl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoline Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin O. Patil ◽  
Sanjay B. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Antidepressant Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Significant Change

The present study refers to the synthesis of new antidepressant candidates using the indole scaffold. In an attempt to identify potential lead antidepressant agents, a number of indole molecules, incorporating isoxazoline, were synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis. The antidepressant activity of the synthesized compounds(3a–3n)was evaluated by forced swim test in mice and their locomotor activity was assessed using actophotometry. The present paper showed significant antidepressant activity for all compounds of the series and no significant change in locomotor activity of mice. Compounds3dand3jwere found to be potent molecules of this series, when compared with the reference drugs imipramine and fluoxetine. It clearly demonstrated that replacement of aromatic core by appropriate heterocycles such as pyridine and pyrrole on the 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-(Phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoline(3a)would generate more potent derivatives. Thus, these compounds can serve as potential leads for further antidepressant studies.

The antidepressant activity of inositol in the forced swim test involves 5-HT2 receptors

2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Einat ◽  
F Clenet ◽  
A Shaldubina ◽  
R.H Belmaker ◽  
M Bourin
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Gokullraj Kannan ◽  
Ponnuswamy Kameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: Prunus dulcis (almond) contains high amounts of Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) which has proven antidepressant effects. Hence this study was done to evaluate the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression.Methods: Tails suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) are usually used to assess the antidepressant activity in animal models. They were employed to analyse the effectiveness of Prunus dulcis before and after two weeks of the study period and the results were compared. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each.group-1 (Normal control); group-2 was given fluoxetine 10 mg/kg; group- 3 and group- 4 were given 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of Prunus dulcis extract respectively. All the animals were on standard chow diet the entire duration of the study.Results: Prunus dulcis (almond) is found to be effective in treating depression, by significantly reducing the immobility period on test group 1 in forced swim test (p<0.05) and test group 2 in tail suspension test (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results clearly indicate the beneficial effects Prunus dulcis (almond) on mice models of depression. Further studies are required to prove its effectiveness in humans.

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