A review on lupus disease, symptoms and their treatment with traditional medicines

Lupus erythematous is an autoimmune illness that mostly affects women and has no recognized cause. The classical period, the neoclassical period and the modern period are the three periods in the history of lupus erythematous. Important discoveries have occurred at each period allowing for a better understanding of a conditions.Pericarditis, valvular lesions and myocardial dysfunction, particularly mild pericarditis. As a result, echocardiography should be done on SLE patients on a regular basis. Vascular blockage, including coronary arteries can occur as a result of SLE related vasculitis early atherosclerosis or antiphospholipid antibodies. The immune system of the body becomes overactive and targets normal, healthy tissue. Inflammation, swelling and damage to the skin, joints, skin, kidney, blood, heart, and lungs are among the symptoms and medicinal treatment commonly used with the help of ayurvedic treatment, allopathic treatment and homeopathic treatment.

Multivariate analytical methods for simultaneous estimation of Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet dosage form

The present study aimed to develop simple, accurate and precise FTIR and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet dosage forms. FT-IR method like classical least squares (CLS) was developed within the range of 2366.69-3433.44; 1564.40-1673.30 cm- UV methods like Cramer’s matrix method (method-I) and linear regression analysis (Method II) were developed and they are based upon constructing the matrix set by using molar absorptivity values at 275.60 nm and 270.40 nm. The assay values for FTIR- CLS method were 102% and 108 % for Atenololand Hydrochlorothiazide respectively. Cramer’s matrix method results were found to be 95.15% and 104% for Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide respectively and for linear regression method they were found to be 98.50% and 106% (w/w).

An observational study on patient compliance and adverse drug reactions of antihypertensives drugs in a tertiary care center of Bihar

Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable and lifestyle disease in our country that affects adult population of both the genders from all socio-economic backgrounds and urban and rural population. In-spite of this, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are suboptimal. Adherence of prescribed treatment has been studied in patients of hypertension in this study. : An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Prior to the initiation of the study, clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Study period was between January 2021 and June 2021.A predesigned pretested interview schedule was used to collect the data from the 247 study participants. This schedule contained information related to socio-demographic variables, comorbidity, a format to assess the compliance to antihypertensive drugs prescribed and any adverse event. : A significant improvement in maintain optimal in blood pressure was observed in patients treated with one pill per day as compared to patients prescribed with two and three pills per day. Compliance was significantly better in patients in combination therapy as compared to monotherapy. : Low dose combination therapy has been stated to be more effective than high dose monotherapy in controlling blood pressure. It shows better compliance and lesser incidence of side-effects.

An observational and cross-sectional study on drug utilization pattern in the ophthalmology out-patient department of a tertiary care center of Bihar

Making affordable drugs accessible to all strata of society is an inevitable part of health care. This situation makes Drug Utilization Study inevitable. With this background, the current study was planned to obtain knowledge on the prescribing pattern and drug utilization trend in ophthalmology department at a tertiary care teaching hospital with ultimate goal to promote rational use of drugs among prescribers. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Prior to the initiation of the study, clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Study period was between March 2021 and August 2021. Prescriptions of 550 patients who were treated during the course of the study were surveyed prospectively by using a specially designed form. The WHO drug use indicators like prescribing indicators and patient care indicators were determinedThe average number of drugs per prescription was 2.6, ranging from 0-7 drugs. The dosage forms, the frequency of administration and duration of treatment of the drugs were recorded for 99.9% of the prescriptions given. This analysis of the prescriptions showed that 93.8% of the prescriptions were written in the form of various trade names. Antibiotics were prescribed in 52.5% of the prescriptions. The present study revealed certain lacunae in the prescribing practices of the Ophthalmologists at the selected institute and this is evident by the low generic prescribing in many prescriptions.

Detection of pesticides in environmental and food matrix: A review

The Pesticides are widely used as the key to increase the agricultural yield in the world. Pesticides are used incautiously and in uncontrolled manner to compensate shortage of food due to ever increase in population and rapid urbanization. Because of this, concentration of pesticides in environment and food matrix is increased which causes difficulties in maintaining healthy lifestyle and becomes a root cause of multiple diseases. Hence, strict rules and regulations are made which are followed by government and are bound to regularly monitor these compounds. With time, numerous traditional to conventional methods are developed for extraction and detection of these compounds from environmental and food matrix. The present study explains overview of all-inclusive traditional to advanced methods for pre-treatment and detection of pesticides with its residues from environmental and food matrix. Also discussed about comparisons between these methods with applicability, advantages and disadvantages over one another.

An observational and cross-sectional study of prescribing pattern of antifungal drugs in a tertiary care center of Bihar

Fungal infections take a toll on the health of all individuals, irrespective of ages, gender, ethnicity etc. But still major researchers have focused on antibacterial rather than antifungal till recent past, when the limelight has moved to antifungal medicines. Adding to the gravity of the situation, is the growing resistance against these drugs. Keeping these facts in mind, this study was planned to delineate the prescribing pattern of antifungal drugs by the various specialty in a tertiary care center in the eastern part of the country. This was an observational and cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study incorporated 218 patients from various departments of the hospital during the study duration that was from March 2021 to September 2021. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS ver 20.0. Results has been depicted in formof text and table. Antifungal medicines prescribed mostly for leukemia and other immunocompromised status. Most of the patients came from the department of general medicine. Majority of the patients had hematological disorders followed by infections. Anidulafungin was reported to have been prescribed most commonly by the department of surgery in patients with solid tumors. Patients with lung infections also received this drug by physicians. This use can be justified by its action against invasive aspergillosis, oesophageal candidiasis and peritonitis and intraabdominal abscess caused by candida species. Ketoconazole and clotrimazole were the least used antifungal agents in our study. These two agents are mainly indicated for topical use The current report will aid in understanding antifungal prescription practices. This will also form a basis for future researches and formulating guidelines for rational use of these drugs.

Observational and cross-sectional study of prescription pattern in the pediatric out-patient department at a tertiary care center of Bihar

Medical therapy is the most common form of health care provided to the patients. More the practice, more the error is substantiated by the fact that medication errors are probably the most common medical error. Detailed information on these errors is the first step to prevent these errors becoming a health hazard for the individual as well as the society. To generate data on the extent of rational/irrational prescribing pattern, to review the prescribing practices.An observational study with cross sectional design Prescriptions of the patients attending the pediatric OPD were reviewed to collect required data.1200 prescriptions were reviewed that had 3384 drugs listed. The mean age was 8.3± 4.62 years with male> female. Weight of the patient was recorded in 82.8% of the prescriptions. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.82. The range of drugs per encounter varied from zero to 5. Ailments like minor scratches or other non-organic problems were those where no drugs were prescribed. Around 50% of the drugs prescribed were in generic names. Syrups were most commonly prescribed followed by tablets and capsules. Injection use was very less. Antibiotics were widely used for treatment with 73.8% of the prescriptions had at least one antibiotic.The findings of the current study highlight the continuing crisis of the irrational drug practice in this part of the country. This will help authorities to take necessary action and formulate guidelines on proper and rational drug prescription.

Traditional plant and herbs used in rural area for prevention of disease caused by water pollution

Water being the most vital requirement for the survival of the life in the planet becomes even more vital when its demand increases due to increase in population as well as due to scarcity of consumable water. This chapter explains about water pollution and the causes of it. It also elaborates about type of water pollution and water borne diseases like diarrhea, cancer, hepatitis and many more that affects the world immensely. Furthermore, it explains about different types of herbs and plants that is used by people of rural area to tackle the problem of water pollution and effectively manage the diseases caused by the same. Examples of herb or plant derived substances utilized for water borne diseases include malvaceae and amaranthaceae, to name a few.

Determination of antioxidant activity of beetroot lip balm by Fluorimetry and HPTLC methods

Lip balm was prepared and its antioxidant activity was determined by PFRAP, CUPRAC, Flourimetry methods and results of emission spectra was examined and fournd to possess almost same concentration of 0.3 ug/ml. And the ascorbic acid was determined by HPTLC method and the Rvalue of the lip balm was found to be 0.98 and is near to the abscorbic acid sample. And hence proved that beetroot lip balm was found to possess antioxidant activityThe anti oxidant activity was determined and was found to be simple, novel and economical.

Determination of amount of retinylpalmitate and ascorbic acid of extract gel of sweet corn fibre by UVand HPTLC method

Sweet corn fibres of about 15 gm were extracted with methanol for 5 hours in heating mantle at 40C and filtered and allowed to dry. The dried gel was further analyzed for estimation of Retinyl palmitate by spectrophotometrically by laboratory method and found to be 140 mg/kg. The dried extract gel was further estimated for ascorbic acid both by UV and HPTLC and found to be linear in the range of 1-5 ug/ml and 5-10ug/ml, correlation coefficient was found to be 0.997 and 0.998 and the amount of ascorbic acid was found to be 338 ng/ml and 9.9 ng/ml by UV and HPTLC respectively. The method was found to be linear.