Metformin as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease—Viewpoint

Background & objective: Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent in neurological diseases. Methods: The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to search the literature: “Carvacrol” [Title] AND “neuroprotective (neuroprotection)” [Title] OR “stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy [Title]. Results: : A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, , epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7. Conclusion : The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological disorders based on its properties.

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Melatonin as a Neuroprotective Agent in the Rodent Models of Parkinson’s Disease: Is it All Set to Irrefutable Clinical Translation?

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-011-8225-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 186-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Naveen Kumar Singhal ◽

Garima Srivastava ◽

Sonal Agrawal ◽

Swatantra Kumar Jain ◽

Mahendra Pratap Singh

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Translation ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Neuroprotective Agent

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Discovery of novel compounds targeting DJ-1 as neuroprotectants for Parkinson’s disease by virtual screening and in silico method

Current Computer - Aided Drug Design ◽

10.2174/1573409916666200417110645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Swati Sharan ◽

Pravir Kumar ◽

Rashmi K Ambasta

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

In Silico ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Docking Analysis ◽

Neuroprotective Agent ◽

Zinc Database

Aim: To screen zinc database for structurally similar molecules to compound 23 that targets DJ1 for use as a neuroprotective agent for Parkinson’s disease. Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. To date, several proteins account for the recessive familial PD-forms, namely, Parkin, PINK-1, DJ-1, SNCA, PARK2, and LRRK2 Genes. DJ1 is one of the important central points that may be targeted for PD therapy. Recently, Compound 23 has been observed to exert the neuroprotective effect against neurodegeneration in PD model, but due to its toxic substructure, the hunt for better nontoxic compound continues. Objective: The overall objective of our work is to apply in silico approaches to screen structure similar compounds that interacts potentially with DJ1 and may serve as a good therapeutic molecule for PD. Method: Initial data mining was done from zinc database and then screened compounds were additionally screened with toxicity checker, carcinopred, ADMET analysis and docking analysis. Results: The basic screening of database for structurally similar chemicals to compound 23 resulted in 50 compounds, which were further screened to twenty-three and finally seven compounds have been screened based on the toxicity and carcinopred test. Later, the seven compounds were docked and analysed for its docking efficiency with DJ1. Our result of molecular docking and molecular simulation analysis highlights Molecule 42(SS2), to exhibit best binding affinity against DJ-1 protein target and can be proposed to be used as a therapeutic agent to modulate neurodegenerative proteins. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude discovery of novel, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic; ADMET investigated capable of crossing BB barrier but structurally similar compounds of Compound-23, specifically molecule 42(SS2) and potentially molecule 34(SS1) to be used as a neuroprotective agent for Parkinson’s disease.

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