scholarly journals Trunk Muscle Activation Patterns During Standing Turns in Patients With Stroke: An Electromyographic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Pei-Jung Liang ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
Shu-Chun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Paretic Side ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Recent evidence indicates that turning difficulty may correlate with trunk control; however, surface electromyography has not been used to explore trunk muscle activity during turning after stroke. This study investigated trunk muscle activation patterns during standing turns in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with stroke with turning difficulty (TD) and no TD (NTD). The participants with stroke were divided into two groups according to the 180° turning duration and number of steps to determine the presence of TD. The activation patterns of the bilateral external oblique and erector spinae muscles of all the participants were recorded during 90° standing turns. A total of 14 HCs, 14 patients with TD, and 14 patients with NTD were recruited. The duration and number of steps in the turning of the TD group were greater than those of the HCs, independent of the turning direction. However, the NTD group had a significantly longer turning duration than did the HC group only toward the paretic side. Their performance was similar when turning toward the non-paretic side; this result is consistent with electromyographic findings. Both TD and NTD groups demonstrated increased amplitudes of trunk muscles compared with the HC groups. Their trunk muscles failed to maintain consistent amplitudes during the entire movement of standing turns in the direction that they required more time or steps to turn toward (i.e., turning in either direction for the TD group and turning toward the paretic side for the NTD group). Patients with stroke had augmented activation of trunk muscles during turning. When patients with TD turned toward either direction and when patients with NTD turned toward the paretic side, the flexible adaptations and selective actions of trunk muscles observed in the HCs were absent. Such distinct activation patterns during turning may contribute to poor turning performance and elevate the risk of falling. Our findings provide insights into the contribution and importance of trunk muscles during turning and the association with TD after stroke. These findings may help guide the development of more effective rehabilitation therapies that target specific muscles for those with TD.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

scholarly journals Trunk muscle activation patterns during active hip abduction test during remission from recurrent low back pain: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanobu Suehiro ◽  
Hiroshi Ishida ◽  
Kenichi Kobara ◽  
Hiroshi Osaka ◽  
Chiharu Kurozumi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Recurrent Low Back Pain ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background The active hip abduction test (AHAbd) is widely used to evaluate lumbopelvic stability, but the onset of trunk muscle activation during the test in individuals with recurrent low back pain (rLBP) has not been investigated so far. It is important to investigate the pattern of trunk muscle activation during the AHAbd test to provide insight into the interpretation of observation-based assessment results; this may help to create exercise therapy interventions, from a movement control perspective, for people seeking treatment for rLBP. The purpose of this study was to compare the timing of trunk muscle activation between individuals with and without rLBP and to assess potential differences. Methods Seventeen subjects in remission from rLBP and 17 subjects without rLBP were recruited. We performed surface electromyography of the transversus abdominis/internal abdominal oblique, external oblique, erector spinae, and gluteus medius muscles during the AHAbd test on both sides. The onset of trunk muscle activation was calculated relative to the prime mover gluteus medius. The independent-samples t- and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the onset of trunk muscle activation between the two groups. Results The onset of transversus abdominis/internal abdominal oblique activation on the ipsilateral (right AHAbd: −3.0 ± 16.2 vs. 36.3 ± 20.0 msec, left AHAbd: −7.2 ± 18.6 vs. 29.6 ± 44.3 ms) and contralateral sides (right AHAbd: −11.5 ± 13.9 vs. 24.4 ± 32.3 ms, left AHAbd: −10.1 ± 12.5 vs. 23.3 ± 17.2 ms) and erector spinae on the contralateral side (right AHAbd: 76.1 ± 84.9 vs. 183.9 ± 114.6 ms, left AHAbd: 60.7 ± 70.5 vs. 133.9 ± 98.6 ms) occurred significantly later in individuals with rLBP than in individuals without rLBP (p < 0.01). During the left AHAbd test, the ipsilateral erector spinae was also activated significantly later in individuals with rLBP than in individuals without rLBP (71.1 ± 80.1 vs. 163.8 ± 120.1 ms, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the onset of the external oblique activation on the right and left AHAbd tests (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that individuals with rLBP possess a trunk muscle activation pattern that is different from that of individuals without rLBP. These findings provide an insight into the underlying muscle activation patterns during the AHAbd test for people with rLBP and may support aggressive early intervention for neuromuscular control.

scholarly journals Trunk Muscle Activity in One- and Two-Armed American Kettlebell Swing in Resistance-Trained Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E12-E18
Author(s):  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Fimland ◽  
Atle Saeterbakken
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The One

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the one-armed vs. two-armed American kettlebell swing on trunk muscle activation. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed ten repetitions of both exercises using a 14-kg kettlebell. Surface EMG from the erector spinae, rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles were collected on both sides of the trunk. The erector spinae activation during the one-armed swing was 14–25% higher on the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral side in both exercises (Cohen’s d effect size [ES]=0.41–0.71, p ˂ 0.001–0.034). Further, the contralateral side was 14% more activated during the two-armed swing compared to the ipsilateral side during the one-armed swing (ES=0.43, p=0.009). For the rectus abdominis muscle, the two-armed swing induced higher activation of the rectus abdominis compared to the one-armed swing on both the contralateral (40%, ES=0.48, p=0.040) and ipsilateral side (59%, ES=0.83, p=0.002). There were no differences for the external oblique muscle (p=0.495–0.662). In conclusion, the trunk activation patterns of the two exercises were different, which could be explained by different biomechanics in the two exercises, and could thus have complimentary effects. We recommend that both unilateral and bilateral execution of the American kettlebell swing is included over time.

scholarly journals Segmental specificity in belly dance mimics primal trunk locomotor patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilee M. Nugent ◽  
Theodore E. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Belly Dance ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Belly dance was used to investigate control of rhythmic undulating trunk movements in humans. Activation patterns in lumbar erector spinae muscles were recorded using surface electromyography at four segmental levels spanning T10 to L4. Muscle activation patterns for movement tempos of 2 Hz, 3 Hz, and as fast as possible (up to 6 Hz) were compared to test the hypothesis that frequency modulates muscle timing, causing pattern changes analogous to gait transitions. Groups of trained and untrained female subjects were compared to test the hypothesis that experience modifies muscle coordination patterns and the capacity for selective motion of spinal segments. Three distinct coordination patterns were observed. An ipsilateral simultaneous pattern (S) and a diagonal synergy (D) dominated at lower frequencies. The S pattern was selected most often by novices and resembled the standing wave of activation underlying the alternating lateral trunk bending in salamander trotting. At 2 Hz, most trained subjects selected the D pattern, suggesting a greater capacity for segmental specificity compared with untrained subjects. At 3–4 Hz, there emerged an asynchronous pattern (A) analogous to the rostral-caudal traveling wave in salamander and lamprey swimming. The neural networks and mechanisms identified in primitive vertebrates, such as chains of coupled oscillators and segmental crossed inhibitory connections, could explain the patterns observed in this study in humans. Training allows modification of these patterns, possibly through improved capacity for selectively exciting or inhibiting segmental pattern generators. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Belly dance provides a novel approach for studying spinal cord neural circuits. New evidence suggests that primitive locomotor circuits may be conserved in humans. Erector spinae activation patterns during the hip shimmy at different tempos are similar to those observed in salamander walking and swimming. As movement frequency increases, a sequential pattern similar to lamprey swimming emerges, suggesting that primal involuntary control mechanisms dominate in fast lateral rhythmic spine undulations even in humans.

Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Horak ◽  
L. M. Nashner
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Support Surfaces

We studied the extent to which automatic postural actions in standing human subjects are organized by a limited repertoire of central motor programs. Subjects stood on support surfaces of various lengths, which forced them to adopt different postural movement strategies to compensate for the same external perturbations. We assessed whether a continuum or a limited set of muscle activation patterns was used to produce different movement patterns and the extent to which movement patterns were influenced by prior experience. Exposing subjects standing on a normal support surface to brief forward and backward horizontal surface perturbations elicited relatively stereotyped patterns of leg and trunk muscle activation with 73- to 110-ms latencies. Activity began in the ankle joint muscles and then radiated in sequence to thigh and then trunk muscles on the same dorsal or ventral aspect of the body. This activation pattern exerted compensatory torques about the ankle joints, which restored equilibrium by moving the body center of mass forward or backward. This pattern has been termed the ankle strategy because it restores equilibrium by moving the body primarily around the ankle joints. To successfully maintain balance while standing on a support surface short in relation to foot length, subjects activated leg and trunk muscles at similar latencies but organized the activity differently. The trunk and thigh muscles antagonistic to those used in the ankle strategy were activated in the opposite proximal-to-distal sequence, whereas the ankle muscles were generally unresponsive. This activation pattern produced a compensatory horizontal shear force against the support surface but little, if any, ankle torque. This pattern has been termed the hip strategy, because the resulting motion is focused primarily about the hip joints. Exposing subjects to horizontal surface perturbations while standing on support surfaces intermediate in length between the shortest and longest elicited more complex postural movements and associated muscle activation patterns that resembled ankle and hip strategies combined in different temporal relations. These complex postural movements were executed with combinations of torque and horizontal shear forces and motions of ankle and hip joints. During the first 5-20 practice trials immediately following changes from one support surface length to another, response latencies were unchanged. The activation patterns, however, were complex and resembled the patterns observed during well-practiced stance on surfaces of intermediate lengths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Association between lumbopelvic motion and muscle activation in patients with non-specific low back pain during forward bending task: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Peemongkon Wattananon ◽  
Komsak Sinsurin ◽  
Sirikarn Somprasong
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Forward Bending ◽  
Lumbar Motion

Background: Evidence suggests patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) have altered lumbar and pelvic movement patterns. These changes could be associated with altered patterns of muscle activation. Objective: The study aimed to determine: (1) differences in the relative contributions and velocity of lumbar and pelvic movements between people with and without NSLBP, (2) the differences in lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns between people with and without NSLBP, and (3) the association between lumbar and pelvic movements and lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns. Methods: Subjects (8 healthy individuals and 8 patients with NSLBP) performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions of active forward bending, while motion and muscle activity data were collected simultaneously. Data derived were lumbar and pelvic ranges of motion and velocity, and ipsilateral and contralateral lumbopelvic muscle activities (internal oblique[Formula: see text]transverse abdominis (IO[Formula: see text]TA), lumbar multifidus (LM), erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles). Results: Lumbar and pelvic motions showed trends, but exceeded 95% confidence minimal detectable difference (MDD[Formula: see text]), for greater pelvic motion [Formula: see text], less lumbar motion [Formula: see text] among patients with NSLBP. Significantly less activity was observed in the GM muscles bilaterally [Formula: see text] in the NSLBP group. A significant association [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] was found between ipsilateral ES muscle activity and lumbar motion, while moderate, but statistically non-significant associations, were found between GM muscle activity bilaterally and lumbar velocity [Formula: see text]ipsilateral: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; contralateral: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in the NSLBP group. Conclusion: Findings indicated patients had greater pelvic contribution, but less lumbar contribution which was associated with less activation of the GM bilaterally.

Immediate changes in trunk muscle activation patterns during a lifting task following an abdominal drawing-in exercise in subjects with recurrent low back pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tadanobu Suehiro ◽  
Hiroshi Ishida ◽  
Kenichi Kobara ◽  
Hiroshi Osaka ◽  
Chiharu Kurozumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Recurrent Low Back Pain ◽  
Lifting Task

BACKGROUND: The abdominal drawing-in exercise could help improve delayed transversus abdominis (TrA) activation during limb movement in subjects with recurrent low back pain (rLBP). However, little is known about whether the same effect is observed during lifting tasks in subjects with rLBP. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify whether a single session of abdominal drawing-in exercise could correct the altered trunk muscle activation patterns during a lifting task in subjects with rLBP. METHODS: Fifteen subjects with rLBP performed lifting tasks before and immediately after three sets of 10 repetitions of isolated TrA voluntary contractions. The time of onset and activation amplitude during the lifting tasks were measured by surface electromyography (EMG) and compared between the trials before and immediately after exercise. RESULTS: During lifting, the onset of internal abdominal oblique/TrA (IO/TrA) and multifidus activation occurred earlier, the EMG amplitude of IO/TrA increased, and the EMG amplitude of erector spinae and multifidus decreased, compared with the pre-exercise data. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a possibility that the abdominal drawing-in exercise might be effective in improving the muscle recruitment pattern in people with rLBP.

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