scholarly journals Neural correlates of the age-related changes in motor sequence learning and motor adaptation in older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. King ◽  
Stuart M. Fogel ◽  
Geneviève Albouy ◽  
Julien Doyon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Age-Related Declines in Visuospatial Working Memory Correlate With Deficits in Explicit Motor Sequence Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 2744-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bo ◽  
V. Borza ◽  
R. D. Seidler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Age Related

Numerous studies have shown that older adults exhibit deficits in motor sequence learning, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Our recent work has shown that visuospatial working-memory capacity predicts the rate of motor sequence learning and the length of motor chunks formed during explicit sequence learning in young adults. In the current study, we evaluate whether age-related deficits in working memory explain the reduced rate of motor sequence learning in older adults. We found that older adults exhibited a correlation between visuospatial working-memory capacity and motor sequence chunk length, as we observed previously in young adults. In addition, older adults exhibited an overall reduction in both working-memory capacity and motor chunk length compared with that of young adults. However, individual variations in visuospatial working-memory capacity did not correlate with the rate of learning in older adults. These results indicate that working memory declines with age at least partially explain age-related differences in explicit motor sequence learning.

scholarly journals 0122 Does Additional Training on an Implicit Motor Sequence Learning Task for Older Adults Improve Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A48-A48
Author(s):  
K Rodheim ◽  
R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Regular Training

Abstract Introduction Previous studies show sleep dependent consolidation (SDC) for motor sequence learning with regular training in younger adults, whereas, in older adults, this sleep benefit is missing. If hippocampal engagement underlies age-related differences in SDC, then enhanced training should result in significant SDC in older adults. Thus, this study aims to look at younger vs. older adults with regular training and older adults with regular training vs. overtraining to determine if older adults show evidence of SDC. Alternatively, regardless of initial learning, older adults may fail to exhibit SDC because the sleep mechanisms supporting consolidation are impaired. Methods Seven younger adults (M=22 years) and seven older adults (M=68.5 years) completed the train condition, while ten older adults (M=67.6 years) completed the overtrain condition. In the encoding phase, participants either completed 5 blocks (train) or 10 blocks (overtrain). Between immediate and delayed recall, participants either slept with Polysomnography (PSG) in the lab or remained awake, and subsequently, completed the alternate condition one week later. Actigraphy was collected for 14 days and PSG (32-electrode EasyCap) was recorded for overnight sleep. Results Older adults significantly improved their skill learning from immediate to delayed recall, in both the train (p=0.005) and overtrain (p=0.013) conditions, regardless of sleep or wake. Younger adults did not improve their skill learning in the train condition (p>0.05). However, there was a trending main effect, with younger adults performing the task better compared to older adults in the train condition, at both time points (p=0.061). No other main effects or interactions were significant. Conclusion These results suggest the alternative hypothesis that, regardless of initial learning, older adults fail to exhibit SDC. This result is of interest as the age-related differences in sleep, such as sleep spindle characteristics may play a role. Future analysis will include more participants and further exploration into the PSG-recorded sleep architecture and actigraphy-recorded measures of habitual sleep. Support This work was funded by NIH R01 AG040133 (PI: Spencer)

scholarly journals Behavioral and neural correlates of speech motor sequence learning in stuttering and neurotypical speakers: an fMRI investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-86
Author(s):  
Matthew Masapollo ◽  
Jennifer A. Segawa ◽  
Deryk S. Beal ◽  
Jason A. Tourville ◽  
Alfonso Nieto-Castañón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Motor Practice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speech Motor

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired production of coordinated articulatory movements needed for fluent speech. It is currently unknown whether these abnormal production characteristics reflect disruptions to brain mechanisms underlying the acquisition and/or execution of speech motor sequences. To dissociate learning and control processes, we used a motor sequence learning paradigm to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of learning to produce novel phoneme sequences in adults who stutter (AWS) and neurotypical controls. Participants intensively practiced producing pseudowords containing non-native consonant clusters (e.g., “gvasf”) over two days. The behavioral results indicated that although the two experimental groups showed comparable learning trajectories, AWS performed significantly worse on the task prior to and after speech motor practice. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the authors compared brain activity during articulation of the practiced words and a set of novel pseudowords (matched in phonetic complexity). FMRI analyses revealed no differences between AWS and controls in cortical or subcortical regions; both groups showed comparable increases in activation in left-lateralized brain areas implicated in phonological working memory and speech motor planning during production of the novel sequences compared to the practiced sequences. Moreover, activation in left-lateralized basal ganglia sites was negatively correlated with in-scanner mean disfluency in AWS. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that AWS exhibit no deficit in constructing new speech motor sequences but do show impaired execution of these sequences before and after they have been acquired and consolidated.

Age related effects on motor sequence learning and improvement by cortical stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nitsch ◽  
P Giraux ◽  
M Zimerman ◽  
L Cohen ◽  
C Gerloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Age Related

Motor sequence learning and motor adaptation in primary cervical dystonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. e130-e131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Katschnig-Winter ◽  
P. Schwingenschuh ◽  
M. Davare ◽  
A. Sadnicka ◽  
R. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence

Speech Motor Sequence Learning: Acquisition and Retention in Parkinson Disease and Normal Aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1477-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Alexander M. Goberman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Sequence Performance ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose The aim of the current investigation was to examine speech motor sequence learning in neurologically healthy younger adults, neurologically healthy older adults, and individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) over a 2-day period. Method A sequential nonword repetition task was used to examine learning over 2 days. Participants practiced a sequence of 6 monosyllabic nonwords that was retested following nighttime sleep. The speed and accuracy of the nonword sequence were measured, and learning was inferred by examining performance within and between sessions. Results Though all groups exhibited comparable improvements of the nonword sequence performance during the initial session, between-session retention of the nonword sequence differed between groups. Younger adult controls exhibited offline gains, characterized by an increase in the speed and accuracy of nonword sequence performance across sessions, whereas older adults exhibited stable between-session performance. Individuals with PD exhibited offline losses, marked by an increase in sequence duration between sessions. Conclusions The current results demonstrate that both PD and normal aging affect retention of speech motor learning. Furthermore, these data suggest that basal ganglia dysfunction associated with PD may affect the later stages of speech motor learning. Findings from the current investigation are discussed in relation to studies examining consolidation of nonspeech motor learning.

scholarly journals Insufficient chunk concatenation may underlie changes in sleep-dependent consolidation of motor sequence learning in older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Bottary ◽  
Akshata Sonni ◽  
David Wright ◽  
Rebecca M. C. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence

Age related differences in the neural substrates of motor sequence learning after interleaved and repetitive practice

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 2007-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ho (Janice) Lin ◽  
Ming-Chang Chiang ◽  
Allan D. Wu ◽  
Marco Iacoboni ◽  
Parima Udompholkul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Behavioral and neural correlates of speech motor sequence learning in stuttering and neurotypical speakers: an fMRI investigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Masapollo ◽  
Frank H H Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Motor Practice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speech Motor

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired production of coordinated articulatory movements needed for fluent speech. It is currently unknown whether these abnormal production characteristics reflect disruptions to brain mechanisms underlying the acquisition and/or execution of speech motor sequences. To dissociate learning and control processes, we used a motor sequence learning paradigm to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of learning to produce novel phoneme sequences in adults who stutter (AWS) and neurotypical controls. Participants intensively practiced producing pseudowords containing non-native consonant clusters (e.g., “gvasf”) over two days. The behavioral results indicated that although the two experimental groups showed comparable learning trajectories, AWS performed significantly worse on the task prior to and after speech motor practice. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the authors compared brain activity during articulation of the practiced words and a set of novel pseudowords (matched in phonetic complexity). FMRI analyses revealed no differences between AWS and controls in cortical or subcortical regions; both groups showed comparable increases in activation in left-lateralized brain areas implicated in phonological working memory and speech motor planning during production of the novel sequences compared to the practiced sequences. Moreover, activation in left-lateralized basal ganglia sites was negatively correlated with in-scanner mean disfluency in AWS. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that AWS exhibit no deficit in constructing new speech motor sequences but do show impaired execution of these sequences before and after they have been acquired and consolidated.

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